g bspanish4 part one
TRANSCRIPT
Spanish 4 Grammar Concepts
Heli Martin
Table of Contents1. El Presente 2. Irregular yo form3. Irregulars 4. Ser5. Estar6. Ser y estar con adjectivos7. Gustar8. Verbs like gustar9. Preterite v Imperfect 10. Preterite y trigger words11. Preterite Conjugation12. Preterite Irregulars13. Imperfect y trigger words14. Imperfect conjugation 15. Imperfect Irregulars
El Presente
• Used to express actions or situations that are happening in the present
• Used to express habitual actions or actions that will take place in the near future
• Regular –ar, -er, -ir • -ar: o, as, a, amos, áis, an• -er: o, es, e, emos, éis, en • -ir: o, es, e, imos, ís, en
Irregular yo form• Irregular yo forms: many –er and –ir verbs have irregualr yo forms in
the present tense. • Verbs ending in –ger or –gir change to –jo
coger, colegir (e:i), dirigir, escoger, recoger…ex: Coger – changes to cojo in yo form
• Verbs ending in –guir change the gu to g in the yo formconseguir,distinguir, extinguir, seguir…ex: Conseguir (e:i) – changes to consigo in yo form
• Verbs ending in –cer or –cir change the c to z in yo form coercer, convencer, ejercer, esparicir, mecer, remecer, vencer, zurcir, conducir, producir, concocer, palcer, crecer, aparacerexceptions are hacer and decir
• Verbs that end in –uir add y before o, e, and a atribuir, concluir, construir, distruir, exclurir, destruir, incluirex: atribuir – atribuyo, atribuyes, atribuye, atribuimos, atribuís, atribuyen
Irregulars• Irregular in present tense or combine a stem change with an irregular yo
form or spell change• Stem changes: e-ie, o-ue, e-i• e-ie: acertar, advertir, negar, atravesar, entender, comenzar, defendir,
pensar…ex: cerrar- cierro, cierras, cierra, cerramos, cerráis, cierran
• o-ue:almorzar, rogar , dormir, volver, sonar, soler, poder, morir, encontrar…ex: contar- cuento, cuentas, cuenta, contamos, contáis, cuentan
• e-i: competir, concebir, despedir, medir, servir, repetir, vestir…ex: pedir- pido, pides, pide, pedimos, pedís, piden
• *Notice that there is no stem change in the Vosotros or Nosotros form*• Ir: voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van• Dar: doy, das, damos, dais, dan • Tener: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen• Venir: vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, venís, vienen
Description, Origin, Characteristics, Time, Occupation,
Relationship, Possession, Event, Date
Ser
Ser
• Means to be • Used to express an essential equality
soy somos
eres sois
es son
Health
Emotions
Location
Present Condition
Present Participles.Rules:•-ar to –ando•-er and –ir to –iendo or -yendo
Estar
Estar
• Means to be• Used to express
condition
estoy estamos
estás estáis
está están
Ser y estar con adjectivos
• Some adjectives change their meaning when used with either "ser" or "estar".
• Examples : Listo : means clever when used with ser
means ready when used estarMalo: means bad when used with ser means ill when used with estarRico: means rich when used with ser means tasty when used with estarVivo: means lively when used with ser means alive when used with estarBueno: means good when used with ser
means well when used with estarMoreno: means dark haired when used with ser
means suntanned when used with estarAburrido: means boring when used with ser
means bored when used with estarSeguro: means safe when used with ser
means sure, certain when used with estar
Gustar
• Means to like or to be pleasing• Me gusta el libro - I like the book• Me gustan los libros – I like the books• When the noun that you like is plural use
–an• Pronouns – me, te, le, nos, os, les • A mi me gusta, a ti te gusta, etc.
Verbs Like Gustar• These verbs follow the same conjugation as gustar with doler having an “e” stem
changer.• Aburrir- to bore• Importar- tp be important to• Caer bien/mal- to (not) suit• Interesar- to be interesting to• Digustar- to hate soemthing• Parecer- to appear to be• Encantar- to love• Quedar- to be left over, remain• Volver loco- to be crazy about • Faltar- to lack• Doler- to hurt• Fascinar- to fascinate• Molestar- to bother
Examples: Te falta pelo. Nos gustan los libros.
Preterite Imperfect
•To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the imperfect, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:
•abaabasabaábamosabaisaban
•The imperfect is used for actions in the past that are not seen as completed. Use of the imperfect tense implies that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end.
•To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:
•éasteóamosasteisaron
•The preterite is used for actions in the past that are seen as completed. Use of the preterite tense implies that the past action had a definite beginning and definite end.
The preterite tells us specifically when an action took place.The imperfect tells us in general when an action took place.
El Pretérito y Trigger Words
It is a definite time in the past, and has a beginning or an ending.Trigger words that you could assume may deal with this are:
Ayer AnocheEl año pasadoLa semana pasadaAnte ayer
-í -imos
-iste -isteí s
-ió -ieron
ER
-í -imos
-iste -isteís
-ió -ieron
IR
El Pretérito
El Pretérito IrregularsThere are 3 main types of Irregular Pretérito verbs we have learned about. They are:
Car, Gar, y ZarCucarachaSpock
Car, Gar, y Zar Irregulars
-qué -camos
-caste casteís
-có -caron
-gué -gamos
-gaste -gasteís-gó -garon
-cé -zamos
-zaste -zasteís
-zo -zaron
Spock Irregulars!3 different groupings.The words in each grouping are conjugated the same way.The groupings are:
1. IR y SER2.DAR y VER3.HACER
IR- to go SER- to be
Fui Fuimos
Fuiste Fuisteís
Fue Fueron
DAR- to give VER- to see
I Imos
Iste Isteís
Io Ieron
HACER…. TO MAKE OR DO
Hice Hicimos
Hiciste Hicisteís
Hito Hicieron
Cucaracha Verbs
Endings for all are the same:
Andar- aduvEstar- estuvPoder- pudPoner- pusQuerer- quisSaber- supTener- tuvVenir- vin
Conducir- condujProducir- produjTraducir- tradujDecir- dijTraer- traj
Cucaracha Verbs
Snake
• In the 3rd person, the stem change occurs.
• The stem change is to opposite vowel with the first vowel.
Dormi Dormimos
Dormiste Dormisteis
Durmio Durmierion
SnakeysFollows same concept as SNAKE, but is more specific.In the 3rd person the stem change is the vowel “I” to the vowel “y”.Leer
Imperfect y Trigger Words• The imperfect tense is used to refer to actions in the past that occurred repeatedly.• They have no definite end or beginning• Trigger words:
a menudo
a veces
cada día
cada año
con frecuencia
de vez en cuando
en aquella época
frecuentemente
generalmente
muchas veces
mucho
nunca
por un rato
siempre
tantas veces
todas las semanas
todos los días
todo el tiempo
varias veces
Imperfect
- ar -er and –ir
aba ábamosabas abaisaba aban
ía íamosías íaisía ían
Imperfect Irregulars