game balancing
TRANSCRIPT
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Game Balancing���Videogame Design and Programming
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Readings
• Jesse Schell. The Art of Game Design (2nd Edition) Morgan Kaufmann 2015
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Game Balancing adjusting the elements of the game until they deliver the experience you want
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #1 Fairness
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #1: Fairness
• Fairness is the quality that players universally seek in games
• Players want to feel that the forces working against them can be defeated
• Symmetrical games are the simplest way to ensure that your game is fair, since all the players have all the same powers and resources
• All tabletop games and most sports are symmetrical
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Asymmetrical Games
• To simulate real-world situations
• To give players another way to explore the game space
• Personalization
• To level the playing fields (noob vs expert)
• To create interesting situations
§ Scotland Yard (players vs mr X)
§ Bhag-Chal (5 tigers vs 20 goats)
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock-paper-scissors
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock-paper-scissors
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #2 Challenge vs Success
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balancing Challenge & Difficulty
• Increase difficulty with each success
• Let players get through easy parts fast
• Create layers of challenge (with grades)
• Let players choose the difficulty level
• Playtest with a variety of players
• Give the losers a break
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EitZRLt2G3w
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #3 Meaningful Choices
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Good games give players meaningful choices
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
dominant strategy
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Once a dominant strategy is discovered, the game is no longer fun
the puzzle of the game has been solved
because there are no more choices to make
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
triangularity
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Triangularity in Mario Kart
manual vs automatic? kart vs bike?
grab power-ups? use power-ups?
use speed boost pads?
left or right?
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45PdtGDGhac
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #4 Skill vs Chance
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
dealing out cards = pure chance
choosing how to play them = skill
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
game design David Perry suggests that at each moment players should
exercising a skill
taking risks
working a strategy
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #5 Head vs Hand
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
“baseball is 90% mental. The other half is physical”
Yogi Berra
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #6 Competition vs Cooperation
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Competition and cooperation are human basic urges
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #7 Short vs Long
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Length of the gameplay is one important thing to balance
If the game is too short, players may not get
a chance to develop meaningful strategies
If the game goes on too long, players may grow bored, or they may avoid the game
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #8 Reward
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Common Types of Rewards
• Praise
• Points
• Prolonged play
• A gateway
• Resources
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• Spectacle
• Expression
• Powers
• Status
• Completion
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
People tend to get acclimated to rewards the more they receive them
Variable reward is more powerful
than fixed reward
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #9 Punishment
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Why Should a Game Punish Players?
• Punishment creates endogenous value
• Taking risks is exciting
• Possible punishment increases challenge
• Shaming
• Loss of potions
• Shortened play
• Terminated play
• Setback
• Removal of powers
• Resource depletion
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Gathering Food in Diablo
Version #1 collect food or suffer from
diminished powers due to hunger
Version #2 players are never hungry but get
a boost of ability if they eat
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultima_III:_Exodus
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ea6UuRTjkKs
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #10 Freedom vs Controlled Experience
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Games are interactive, and the point of interactivity is to give the player control,
or freedom, over the experience
How much control?
Giving the player control over everything is more development and can also be
boring for the player
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #11 Simple vs Complex
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
innate complexity (e.g., agricola)
emergent complexity
(othello, go, chess, etc.)
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
http://kotaku.com/every-wonderfully-complex-board-game-needs-a-tablet-ver-513844663
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Natural vs Artificial Balancing space invaders go faster, the fewer they are
Elegance
dots in Pac-Man serve multiple purposes they provide a short term goal, a long term goal,
triangularity, points/success, extra life
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
“if a line in a script doesn’t serve at least two purposes, it should be cut”
Old Hollywood saying
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Rule of thumb: a game element should have at least three purposes
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Balance Type #12 Detail vs Imagination
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Only detail what you can do well
Give details the imagination can use
Familiar worlds do not need much detail
Use the “binocular” effect
Give details that inspire imagination
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Game Balancing Methodologies
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Game Balancing Methodologies
• Use the lens of the problem statement
• Doubling and halving
• Train your intuition by guessing exactly
• Document your model
• Tune your model as you tune your game
• Plan to balance
• Let the players do it
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Dynamic Game Balancing
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
It spoils the reality of the world
It is exploitable
Players improve with practice
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
Design in Detail: Changing the Time between Shots for the Sniper Rifle from 0.5 to 0.7 Seconds for Halo 3 by Jaime Griesemer. http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1012649/Design-in-Detail-Changing-the
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e31OSVZF77w
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Prof. Pier Luca Lanzi
http://www.facebook.com/polimigamecollectivehttps://twitter.com/@POLIMIGC
http://www.youtube.com/PierLucaLanzihttp://www.polimigamecollective.org