gbo 006 e1 1 gsm antenna system-63
TRANSCRIPT
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Antenna System
ZTE University
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Objective
By the end of this course, you will be able: To Understand the concept of dipole
To state GSM antenna specifications
To comprehend the principle of antenna selection
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Blahblahblah bl ah
Radio Waves
A form of electromagnetic radiation typicallygenerated as disturbances sent out by
oscillating charges on a transmitting antenna
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Definition
An Antenna is an
device used to
collect or radiate
ElectromagneticWaves
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Linear antennas are
used:
Monopole (Slab)
Dipole Elements
Mobile Phones
Base Tranceiver
Station Antenna
Single Monopole
Patch Antenna
Array of dipoles
Antenna for mobile communication
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Antenna basic structure
Antenna are generallycomposed of stacked of dipole
bundling their radiated power
to form a desired antenna
pattern in vertical plainsaround the antenna
Depending on the gain desired
that wants to be achievedseveral of those diploes can
be arranged on top of one
another
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DIPOLES
Wavelength
1/2 Wavelength1/4 Wavelength
1/4 Wavelength
1/2 Wavelength
Dipole
1800MHz 166mm900MHz 333mm
Generation of radio waves
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1 dipoleReceived Power1mW
Multiple dipole matrix
Received Power4 mW
GAIN= 10log(4mW/1mW) = 6dBd
Half wave dipole
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Gain=10log(8mW/1mW) = 9dBi
Omnidirectional arrayReceived power1mW
(Overlook
Antenna
Sector antennaReceived power8mW
Isotropic antenna
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dBd and dBi
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BANDWIDTH = 960 - 890 = 70MHz
Optimum 1/2 wavelength
for dipole at 925MHz
at
960
MHz
Antenna
Dipole
at
890
MHz
GSM antenna frequency range
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Standard Value: 50
Cable
50 ohms
Antenna
50 ohms
Impedance
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VSWR1.5 = (VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1) RetureLoss = -20lg
Calculation of VSWR
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120(eg)
Peak
Peak - 10dB
Peak - 10dB
10dB Beamwidth
60 (eg) Peak
Peak - 3dB
Peak - 3dB
3dB Beamwidth
Bandwidth
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Directional Antenna65/90/105/120 Omni360
Omni-directional Directional
3dBm horizontal beamwidth
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Omni-directional Directional
3dBm vertical beamwidth
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Omni-directional Directional
Antenna structure types
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Vertical Horizontal
+ 45degree slant - 45degree slant
Polarization
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Space diversity
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V/H (Vertical/Horizontal) Slant (+/- 45)
Polarization diversity
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Linear Polarization,verticalX Polarization, 45
Types of antenna
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Antenna down tilt
Mechanical down tilt
Fixed electronic down tilt
Adjustable electronic down tilt
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Input Signal
Electrical down tilt
Electrical downtilt can be fixed or adjustable
Fixed is tuned by the manufacturer
Adjustable allows adjustment in a certain level on the rear of the
antenna
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Non down tilt Electronic downtilt Mechanical
downtilt
Down tilt
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Antenna tilt development
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F/B = 10 log(FP/BP) typically 25dB
Back power Front power
FRONT-TO-BACK Ratio
Ratio of maximum mainlobe to maximumsidelobe
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Upper sidelobe suppression and null fill
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Upper sidelobe suppression and null fill
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913 MHz 936 MHz 959 MHz 982 MHz
IMD@243dBm
f1, f2, 2f1-f2, 2f2-f1
Intermodulation It occurs when two signals of a different frequency mix in a
non-linear device It can be a problem at any site that has two or more
transmitters
It can be caused by a transmitter of the same system or by a
transmitter in another site that is co-sited or has a site in theneighborhood
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1000mW ( 1W) 1mW
10log(1000mW/1mW) = 30dB
Isolation
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Antenna mechanical properties
Size Weight
Radome material
Appearance and color
Working temperature
Storage temperature
Windload
Connector types Package Size
Lightning Protection
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Dimension
LWH
Lengthconnected with vertical bandwidth and gain
Widthconnected with horizontal bandwidth
Heightconnected with techniques adopted
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PVC, Fiberglass Anti-temperature, water-proof anti-
agingweather resistant
Radome materials
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Good-looking Environment-protecting
Color
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Temperature range
Operation and storage
Typical range-40C +70C
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Connector type
7/16DINNSMA
Female/male
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Mast diameter 45-
90mm
Mast
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Direct Ground
Lightning protection
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Antenna types
By frequency band: GSM900, GSM1800,GSM900/1800
By polarization: Vertical, Horizontal, 45 linear
polarization, circle polarization
By pattern: Omni-directional, directional
By down-tilt: Non, mechanical, electronic
adjustment, remote control
By function: Transmission, receiver,transceiver
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7/8Main feeder
Feeder cable
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1/2JUMPER CABLE
Jumper cable
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7/16DIN-FDIN CONNECTOR7/16DIN-MDIN & N CONNECTOR
Connector
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Rf port 2
Grounding
Lightning arrestor
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Accessories
Trimming Tool or Hand Tool Kit Clamp
Earthing Kit
Wall Glands
Hoisting Stocking
Universal Ground Bar
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Antenna
7/16 Din Connector
7/8 Cable
Grounding
1/2 Jumper
Cabinet
EMP
Grounding clip
Grounding bar
1/2 Clamp
Tower Top
Amplifier
7/8 Cable
Machine house
1/2 Jumper
Antenna system
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Content
Antenna overviewAntenna specifications
Principle of antenna selection
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Radio propagation in cities
Environment features:
Densely deployed BTSsmall coverage area
Decrease over coverage and interference, increase
frequency reuse factor
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Antenna selection in cities
Polarization Dual-polarization (Installation space)
Direction Directional antenna (Frequency reuse factor)
3dB bandwidth 60~65(Control coverage)
Gain 15-16dBi
Tilt down angle Fixed electrical tilt down
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Radio propagation in suburb/rural area
Environment features: Loosely deployed BTS
light traffic
large coverage
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Antenna selection in suburb/rural area
Polarization Both dual-polarized and vertical
Direction directional
3dB bandwidth 90105
Gain16-18dBi directional
or 911dBi omni
Tilt down angle Mechanical tilt down; 50m high; null fill
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Antenna selection for highway
Polarization Both dual-polarized and vertical
Direction Narrow beamwidth directional
3dB
bandwidth30
Gain 18dBi22dBi
Tilt down
angleNo tilt down
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Radio propagation in mountainous environment
Environment features:
Block by mountains
Big propagation loss
Difficult to cover
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Antenna selection in mountainous area
Polarization Both dual-polarized and vertical
Direction Omni or directional
3dB bandwidth Big 3db verticle bandwidth
GainOmni (9-11dBi
Directional (15-18dBi
Tilt down angle Null fill & electrical tilt down
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