Presented byMARRIAM IFTIKHAR

Roll #33Sec (morning)

INSTITUTE OF COMMUNICATION STUDIES

Presented to

RAINA MALIKA teacher is like a ladder which remain at it self but helps other to go higher

and higher.

GENDER PORTRAIT IN

MEDIA

(STAGE DRAMA)

INTRODUCTIONWHAT IS STAGE?In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a

succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition. A given stage of

rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

WHAT IS DRAMA?

DEFINATION OF DRAMA

Drama means “action” in Greek Language. The word is derived from Greek word “DRAO” meaning “to do”

Drama is a specific mode of fiction represented in

performance

GLOBAL HISTORY OF STAGE DRAMA

Ancient Drama Medieval Drama Restoration And 18th-Century Drama 19th Century Drama and The

Romantic Rebellion The Modern Drama Symbolist Drama Expressionist Drama Contemporary Drama

ANCIENT DRAMA

The origins of Western drama can be traced to the celebratory music of 6th-century BC Attica, the Greek region centered on Athens. Although accounts of this period are inadequate, it appears that the poet Thespis developed a new musical form in which he impersonated a single character and engaged a chorus of singer-dancers in dialogue. 

MEDIEVAL DRAMA

Medieval drama, when it emerged hundreds of years later, was a new creation rather than a rebirth, the drama of earlier times having had almost no influence on it. The reason for this creation came from a quarter that had traditionally opposed any form of theater: the Christian church. In the Easter service, and later in the Christmas service, bits of chanted dialogue, called tropes, were interpolated into the liturgy. Priests, impersonating biblical figures, acted out minuscule scenes from the holiday stories..

RESTORATION AND 18TH-CENTURY DRAMA

The themes, language, and dramaturgy of Shakespeare's plays were now considered out of date, so that during the next two centuries the works of England's greatest dramatist were never produced intact. Owing much to Moliere, the English comedy of manners was typically a witty, brittle satire of current mores, especially of relations between the sexes. Among its leading examples were She Would if She Could (1668) and The Man of Mode (1676) by Sir George Etherege; The Country Wife (1675) by William Wycherley; The Way of the World (1700) by William Congreve; and The Recruiting Officer (1706) and The Beaux' Stratagem (1707) by George Farquhar.

19TH CENTURY DRAMA AND THE ROMANTIC

REBELLION Romanticism first appeared in Germany, a country with

little native theatre other than rustic farces before the 18th century. By the 1820s Romanticism dominated the theatre of most of Europe. Many of the ideas and practices of Romanticism were evident in the late 18th-century Sturm und Drang movement of Germany led by Goethe and the dramatist Friedrich Schiller. These plays had no single style but were generally strongly emotional, and, in their experimentation with form, laid the groundwork for the rejection of Neo-Classicism. The plays of the French playwright René Charles Gilbert de Pixéré court paved the way for French Romanticism, which had previously been known only in the acting of François Joseph Talma in the first decades of the 19th century. Victor Hugo's Hernani (1830) is considered the first French Romantic drama.

THE MODERN DRAMA

Wagner was also responsible for reforming theatre architecture and dramatic presentation with his Festival Theatre at Bayreuth, Germany, completed in 1876. The stage of this theatre was similar to other 19th-century stages even if better equipped, but in the auditorium Wagner removed the boxes and balconies and put in a fan-shaped seating area on a sloped floor, giving an equal view of the stage to all spectators. Just before a performance the auditorium lights dimmed to total darkness-then a radical innovation.

SYMBOLIST DRAMA

The Symbolist movement in France in the 1880s first adopted Wagner's ideas. The Symbolists called for "detheatricalizing" the theatre, meaning stripping away all the technological and scenic encumbrances of the 19th century and replacing them with a spirituality that was to come from the text and the acting. The texts were laden with symbolic imagery not easily construed-rather they were suggestive. The general mood of the plays was slow and dream-like. The intention was to evoke an unconscious response rather than an intellectual one and to depict the no rational aspects of characters and events. 

EXPRESSIONIST DRAMA

Ensemble Theatrethe French workers' cooperative formed by Ariane Mnouchkine, and

the Open Theatre, led by Joseph Chaikin, ensemble theatres abandoned the written text in favor of productions created by an

ensemble of actorsAbsurdist Theatre

 Absurdist drama tends to eliminate much of the cause-and-effect relationship among incidents, reduce language to a game and

minimize its communicative power, reduce characters to archetypes, make place nonspecific, and view the world as

alienating and incomprehensible. Absurdist was at its peak in the 1950s, but continued to influence drama through the 1970s. The American playwright Edward Albee's early dramas were classified

as absurd because of the seemingly illogical or irrational elements that defined his characters' world of actions. Pinter was

also classed with the absurdist's.

CONTEMPORARY DRAMA

In Europe in the 1970s, new playwriting was largely overshadowed by theatricalist productions, which generally took classical plays and reinterpreted them, often in bold new scenographic spectacles, expressing ideas more through action and the use of space than through language. In all lands where the drama flourishes, the only constant factor today is what has always been constant: change. The most significant writers are still those who seek to redefine the basic premises of the art of drama.

IMPACT OF STAGE DRAMA ON SOCIETY

The Art and Science of Theater The Art and Science of Theater is an

interdisciplinary site that takes you on a journey through many different aspects of theater. Theater is an amazing way of expressing everything from feelings to political standpoints. It is also something that no matter what your talent is, you can showcase it in theater. You don't have to be an actor to show your talent in theater. If you are talented in building things or such things as publicity you can make your talents known in the world of theater.

THE WORLD OF THEATER.

The Art of Theater describes the different artistic aspects of the theater world. Some of the topics include Architecture, Stage Craft, Lighting, and Sound.

Throughout history theater has had a major impact on literature. Discussed in this section are the historical effects theater has had on society and also the effects that theater has had on literature throughout the world.

Theater has affected many aspects of our social environment in many ways. This page discusses things such as the effects theater has had on the economy, also the way theater has portrayed or influenced our culture.

The field of health care has opened the door to a field called psychodrama. This is the use of drama to treat mental problems, depression, and also for general therapy. Another topic that is discussed is the role theater has had in the world of sports.

HISTORY OF STAGE DRAMA IN PAKISTAN After partition, the plays were all about Independence and Atrocities committed

on Muslims by Hindus and Sikhs and some other issues which were considered social taboos. SAADAT HASSAN MANTO In late 1960s, Pakistani stage was exposed to new left movement. SARMAD SEHBAI & NAJAM HUSSAIN SYED During Gen. Zia’s Military regime cultural and theatrical activities were banned. However, Ajoka, Dastak, Grips theatre and Tehreek e Niswa continued to perform adaptations which attacked military regime. MADEEHA GAUHER The 21st century saw, plays to be more nonsensical, overacted and often involve slap stick humour. SOHAIL AHMAD & NASEEM VICKY

I N T R O D U C T I O N T O G E N D E R S T U D I E S - I

MAIN GENRES OF STAGE DRAMAS

I N T R O D U C T I O N T O G E N D E R S T U D I E S - I

COMEDY: Plays that are designed to be humorous.

TRAGEDYPlays that involve all emotions and have extremely dramatic conflicts, that

causes the viewer (or reader) to fell sadness. SATIRICAL

Plays that take a comic look at current events and famous people. HISTORICAL

Plays that focus on historical events. FARCE:

A generally nonsensical genre of play. Farces are often overacted and often involve slapstick humour. Farces do not convey any message.

Nowadays, most of the plays performed in Pakistan are farces. (In this presentation we’ll focus more on farces)

ARRIVAL OF COMMERCIAL THEATRE

IN LAHORE

IN 1980sNAHEED KHANUMAMANULLAHMASTANABABOO BARAL

PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENT THEATRE

TAMASEELMEHFILNAZCROWNALFALAHALHAMRA

IMPACT OF STAGE DRAMA ON SOCIETY

GENERAL IMPACT Promoting “JUGT” culture Exploitation of Relationships Veil Justice system Girls as second class citizens Financial burden

EXPERIENCE MY SELF

I have visited commercial and non-commercial theatres myself. My analysis and study has led me to believe that commercial theatres are just a source of promoting vulgarity and generating income. Plays and Dramas shown at these commercial theatres do not depict cultural values of our society at all. Use of indecent language and gender stereotypes are integral part of commercial theatres.

In other words, it would be easy to say that non-commercial theatres are comparatively better then commercial theatres. Non-commercial theatres are playing a very important role in highlighting major issues and problems faced by our society. But commercial and non-commercial theatres require a lot of change. Plays and Dramas of commercial and non-commercial theatres of Pakistan illustrate that the major feature of providing real entertainment to people has been forgotten by directors and writers. Script of Plays and Dramas of both the theatres needs improvement

TO ATTRACT MORE FAMILIES IN THE THEATRE.

There should be proper teaching and training institutions

There should be proper code of conduct and it should be implemented properly.

There should be proper training programs for the artist directors and producer.

Educated people should come forward in this field.

Media can also play an important role in monitoring the theatre.

There should be joint ventures of commercial n non commercial theatre

MUJRAS HAVE DESTROYED LAHORE’S COMMERCIAL THEATRE

women, children and families are not found in theatre halls

the impact of greed and commercialism Commercial theatre is now a preserve for the

oversexed They are killing all forms of decent performers

and replacing them with anything that remotely looks like a “girl”

the government doesn’t let Mujras take place freely, the consumer or the audience has simply found another channel to satisfy their needs and unfortunately, Lahore’s commercial theater became the victim of that.

vulgarity is in demand weather it is English or Punjabi Culture

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF

STAGE DRAMA

IMPACT ON SOCIETY

EQUALL REPRESENTATION OF

GENDERS

PORMOTION OF CULTURE

MERITS OF STAGE DRAMA

MERITS Improve personal insight. Heighten self awareness. Provide new ways of thinking and

behaving. Built self confidence. Fasters greater social skills and co-

operate with others. Enhancement problem solving skills.

DEMERITS OF STAGE DRAMA'S

DEMERITS OF STAGE DRAMA'S

recent Pakistani stage drama's have many demerits and drawbacks. Specially the role of male and female is very shameful and vulgar.

Some drawbacks according to MAIL GENDER are:

passing of vulgar comments and jokes... use of abuses... forcing female gender for dance

performance... dancing of mail gender in female getup...

PASSING OF VULGAR COMENTS AND JOKES:

IN different stage drama's like "HONT RSEELE TERE" and "KAJRAR_E_NAINA" artists are continuously passing vulgar and bad comments and jokes to their

colleges. In all these drama's the stage artists have crossed all the limits.

USE OF ABUSES

IN the play "CHALAK TOTAY", artists are abusing each other even they are

abusing each other's parents...

FORCING FEMAIL GENDER FOR DANCING

IN the recent stage drama "HONT RSEELE TERE", artist IFTIKHAR THAKUR is saying to artist DEDAR "TENU SARI RAAT NCHAVAN SADI FRMAISH TE".

IN "KJRAR_E_NAINA"male artists are continuously pushing DEDAR and NURGIS for dance..these artists are saying , "YOU ARE HERE JUST FOR DANCING".

DANCING OF MAIL GENDER IN FEMAIL

GETUP IN the drama

"KJRAR_E_NAINA"IFTIKHAR THAKUR and NASIR CHINIOTI are performing on the song "KAKRARE", IN a very vulgar way.

IN a stage show artist "NASIM VIKEE“ is performing on the vulgar song, "KUNDI NA KHRKA SOHNEYA SEDHA ANDR AA", in fully female getup.

Different questions arises in our mind?

Statically survey

Which type of stage plays you like to watch?

Category 1Category 2Category 3

do you think it is healthy activity?

Healthy activity

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Do you buy CDs and DVDs of Punjabi dramas for watch it?

%of people

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%of people

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What kind of impacts it is leaving on society?

%of people

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