general physics 1 laboratory (lab...
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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY-HCMC
INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
GENERAL PHYSICS 1
LABORATORY
(Lab report)
Instructor: Trinh Thanh Thuy
HCMC, September, 2017
General Physics 1 Laboratory 2017
CONTENTS
LAB REPORT 1: PROJECTILE MOTION ................................................................................... 1
LAB REPORT 2: NEWTON’S LAWS .......................................................................................... 7
LAB REPORT 3: CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM ........................................................... 12
LAB REPORT 4: CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM ...................................... 20
LAB REPORT 5: ROTATIONAL INERTIA .............................................................................. 23
LAB REPORT 6: SLIDING FRICTION ...................................................................................... 26
LAB REPORT 7: VARIABLE-G PENDULUM ......................................................................... 31
LAB REPORT 8: VIBRATING STRINGS ................................................................................. 36
LAB REPORT 9: GYROSCOPE ................................................................................................. 40
LAB REPORT 10: BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE ........................................................................ 44
LAB REPORT 11: IDEAL GAS LAW ........................................................................................ 48
LAB REPORT 12: GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW ................................................................................ 53
LAB REPORT 13: HEAT ENGINE CYCLES ............................................................................ 56
LAB REPORT 14: BLACKBODY RADIATION ....................................................................... 59
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LAB REPORT 1:
PROJECTILE MOTION
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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4.1 Horizonal launching
Experimental data:
A. Muzzle Velocity
Data Table 1.1
Projectile Height: _________ m
Photogate Spacing: ________________ m
Number of Clicks Time Between Photogates (s)
3rd Click
2nd Click
1st Click
B. Muzzle Velocity v. Time of Flight
Data Analysis Table 1.2
Number of Clicks Muzzle Velocity (m/s) Time of Flight (s)
3rd Click
2nd Click
1st Click
Questions:
1. How would the horizontal range change if the muzzle velocity was doubled? Explain
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4.2 Launching at an Angle
Experimental data:
Data Table 1.3 Measured Range
Distance Between Photogates: __________ m
Angle (degrees) Time between Photogates (s) Horizontal Range (m)
25
35
45
65
85
Analysis Table 1.4 Initial Velocity
Angle (degrees) Initial Velocity (m/s)
25
35
45
65
85
Analysis Table 1.5 Calculated Horizontal Range
Angle (degrees) Horizontal Range (m)
25
35
45
65
85
2. Sketch the trajectory of your projectile when it was shot at an angle of 25o. Draw 3
qualitative horizontal velocity vectors at different locations on your sketch. Make sure the
lengths of the vectors represent the relative magnitudes of the velocities. In other words,
low velocities should be represented by short arrows and long arrows should represent
large velocities.
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4.3 Launching at an angle from a height
Data Table 1.6: Measured Horizontal Range
Height: ________________________ m
Distance Between Photogates: ______ m
Angle
(degrees)
Time between
Photogates (s)
Horizontal
Range (m)
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
45
50
60
70
80
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Analysis Table 1.7: Initial Velocity
Angle
(degrees)
Initial Velocity
(m/s)
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
45
50
60
70
80
Analysis Table 1.8: Calculated Horizontal Range
Angle
(degrees)
Horizontal Range
(m)
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
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45
50
60
70
80
3. Refer to your Angle vs. Range graph. What angle corresponds to the maximum range?
Explain why this particular angle produces the maximum range..
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LAB REPORT 2:
NEWTON’S LAWS
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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I. Newton’s first law
Questions:
1. Sketch a velocity vs. time graph for the Friction Tray, the Hover Puck and the Cart. For
each graph, label the region before it was pushed "A," the region while it was pushed "B"
and the region after it was pushed "C." For each labeled region, draw a force diagram.
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2. For each labeled region, discuss how the forces interact to affect the speed of that object
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3. Will an object at rest remain at rest if the surface beneath it is removed? Explain
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II. Newton’s second law
Trial
No
Mass of
Cart +
Force
sensor
(kg)
Mass of
hooked +
the
hanging
(kg)
Mean
force
(N)
Measured
acceleration
(m/s2)
Theoretical
acceleration
(m/s2)
%diff
Slope -
vertical
intercept of
Force vs.
Acceleration
graph
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4. What will happen to the motion of an object as its mass changes but you keep the
magnitude of the net force on it constant?
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5. Sketch the Force vs. Acceleration graph
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6. What physical properties do the slope and the vertical intercept of the Force vs.
Acceleration graph represent? Explain
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7. Write a linear equation for the Force vs. Acceleration graph. In your linear equation,
would you expect the vertical intercept to equal zero? Explain.
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III. Newton’s third law
8. Review the force vs. time graphs from the experiment part. Draw force diagrams for each
sensor. For the force of sensor "A" on sensor "B," use the label "FAB." For the force of
sensor "B" on sensor "A," use the label "FBA."
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9. Write a statement that relates the two forces in experiment part. Make sure your statement
includes the direction of the forces.
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LAB REPORT 3:
CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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I. Forces between Interacting Objects
Collision Interaction Forces
Prediction 1: Predict the relative magnitudes of the forces between object 1 and object 2
during the collision. Place a check next to your prediction:
______ Object 1 exerts a larger force on object 2.
______ The objects exert the same size force on each other.
______ Object 2 exerts a larger force on object 1.
Experiment value
Use the software to find the values of the impulses exerted by each cart on the other.
Record the value:
1 2 F 2 1 F
Prediction 2: Predict the relative magnitudes of the forces between object 1 and object 2
during the collision. Place a check next to your prediction:
______ Object 1 exerts a larger force on object 2.
______ The objects exert the same size force on each other.
______ Object 2 exerts a larger force on object 1.
Experiment value
Use the software to find the values of the impulses exerted by each cart on the other.
Record the value:
1 2 F 2 1 F
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Prediction 3: Predict the relative magnitudes of the forces between object 1 and object 2
during the collision. Place a check next to your prediction:
______ Object 1 exerts a larger force on object 2.
______ The objects exert the same size force on each other.
______ Object 2 exerts a larger force on object 1.
Experiment value
Use the software to find the values of the impulses exerted by each cart on the other.
Record the value:
1 2 F 2 1 F
Questions:
1. Did your observations agree with your predictions? What can you conclude about forces
of interaction during collisions? Under what circumstances does one object experience a
different force than the other during a collision? How do forces compare on a moment by
moment basis during each collision?
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2. You have studied Newton's Third Law in lab 2. Do your conclusions have anything to do
with Newton's Third Law? Explain.
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3. How does the vector impulse due to cart 1 acting on cart 2 compare to the impulse of cart
2 acting on cart 1 in each collision? Are they the same in magnitude or different? Do
they have the same sign or a different sign?
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Other Interaction Forces
Prediction 4: Place a check next to your predictions of the relative magnitudes of the forces
between objects 1 and 2.
a) Before the truck starts moving:
The car exerts a larger force on the truck
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The car and truck exert the same force on each other
The truck exerts a larger force on the car
b) While the truck is accelerating:
The car exerts a larger force on the truck
The car and truck exert the same force on each other
The truck exerts a larger force on the car
c) After the car and truck are moving at a constant speed:
The car exerts a larger force on the truck
The car and truck exert the same force on each other
The truck exerts a larger force on the car
Questions:
4. How do your results compare to your predictions? Is the force exerted by cart 1 on cart 2
(reading of force probe 2) significantly different from the force exerted by cart 2 on cart 1
(reading of force probe 1) during any part of the motion? Explain any differences you
observe between your predictions and your observations.
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5. Explain how cart 2 is able to accelerate. Use Newton’s second law and analyze the
combined (net) force exerted by all the forces acting on it. Is there a non-zero net force?
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II. Newton’s Law and Momentum Conservation
Inelastic collision
Cart 1
(Incident
cart)
Cart 2
(Target
cart)
Before After
No Mass (kg) Mass (kg) Velocity, cart
1 (m/s)
Velocity, cart
2 (m/s)
Velocity, cart
1 (m/s)
Velocity, cart
2 (m/s)
1
2
3
4
5
Cart 1 (Incident cart) Cart 2 (Target cart)
No
Momentum
Before
(kg•m/s)
Momentum
After
(kg•m/s)
Total
momentum of
the system
before
collision
(kg•m/s)
Momentum
Before
(kg•m/s)
Momentum
After
(kg•m/s)
Total
momentum of
the system
after collision
(kg•m/s)
1
2
3
4
5
6. Prediction 5: You are going to give the more massive cart 1 a push and collide it with
cart 2 which is initially at rest. The carts will stick together after the collision. Suppose
that you measure the total momentum of cart 1 and cart 2 before and after the
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collision. How do you think that the total momentum after the collision will compare to
the total momentum before the collision. Explain the basis for your prediction.
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Elastic Collisions (Equal/Unequal cart)
Cart 1
(Incident
cart)
Cart 2
(Target
cart)
Before After
No Mass (kg) Mass (kg) Velocity, cart
1 (m/s)
Velocity, cart
2 (m/s)
Velocity, cart
1 (m/s)
Velocity, cart
2 (m/s)
1
2
3
4
5
Cart 1 (Incident cart) Cart 2 (Target cart)
No
Momentum
Before
(kg•m/s)
Momentum
After
(kg•m/s)
Total
momentum of
the system
before
collision
(kg•m/s)
Momentum
Before
(kg•m/s)
Momentum
After
(kg•m/s)
Total
momentum of
the system
after collision
(kg•m/s)
1
2
3
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7. In general, does the data collected for the elastic collision seem to verify the law of
conservation of momentum? Explain your answer and indicate which run of elastic
collisions best conserves momentum.
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4
5
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LAB REPORT 4:
CONSERVATION OF
ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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Questions:
Mass (kg) Radius (m) Rotational Inertia (kgm2)
Disk 1
Disk 2
Ring
Run # Collision ωi (rad/s) ωf (rad/s) Theory ωf
(rad/s)
% Diff.
1 Ring on Disk
2 Disk on Disk
1. Calculate the expected (theoretical) value for the final angular velocity and the percent
difference between the experimental and the theoretical values of the final angular velocity ..........
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2. Does the experimental result for the angular velocity agree with the theory? How does the
rotational inertia of the pulley and shaft on the Rotary Motion Sensor affect the results?. ...............
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3. If you also dropped a second disk on the first disk, calculate the theoretical value for the
final angular speed and compare it to the experimental value... ........................................................
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LAB REPORT 5:
ROTATIONAL INERTIA
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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Experiment data:
Trial No Mtotal
(kg)
Distance from the
axis of rotation to
the center of the
mass (m)
Diameter of
the pulley (m)
Radius of the
pulley (m)
Theoretical
Rotational
Inertia (……)
1
2
3
4
5
Average
Component Rotational Inertia
Point Masses and Apparatus Combined
Apparatus Alone
Point Masses (experimental value)
Point Masses (theoretical value)
Percent (%) Difference
Trial No Point mass and apparatus Apparatus alone Radius of the
pulley (m) Hanging
mass (kg)
Slope (the angular
acceleration (α))
(rad/s2)
Hanging
mass (kg)
Slope (the angular
acceleration (α))
(rad/s2)
1
2
3
4
5
Average
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1. Calculate the theoretical values of the rotational inertia of point masses and the percent
difference between the experimental and the theoretical values
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2. Were the theoretical values within the uncertainties of the measured values? If not, why
not? How does the rotational inertia of the pulley and shaft on the Rotary Motion Sensor
affect the results?
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LAB REPORT 6:
SLIDING FRICTION
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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Questions:
Friction tray (plastic) Friction tray (felt) Friction tray (cork)
No of
bar 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Mass of
tray +
mass
bar (kg)
Normal
force
(N)
No of trial Static friction Kinetic friction
Slope Intercept Slope Intercept
Cork
1
2
3
Average
Felt
1
2
3
Average
Plastic
1
2
3
Average
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1. Draw a force diagram for each of the positions labeled in the graph above. Describe the
motion of the object for the positions labeled in the graph.
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2. What is the physical meaning of the slope for the frictional force vs. normal force graphs?
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3. Rank the friction trays from highest coefficients of friction to lowest. What is physically
different with the surfaces with high coefficients versus the surfaces with low coefficients?
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Explain.
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4. Does the frictional force depend on the surface area of contact (remember that your
uncertainties are rather large)? Explain how you know!
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5. Does the normal force change the coefficient of friction?
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6. Does the surface area change the coefficient of friction?
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LAB REPORT 7:
VARIABLE-G PENDULUM
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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Questions:
Mass (kg) Length (m) Rotational Inertia
(kg.m2)
Brass
Rod
Distance from pivot point
to center of mass (m)
1. Period Time as a function of Angles (Given that g = 9.80 m/s2)
# Pendulum Angle
(θ) (degrees) geff = g cosθ
Period T (s)
(Experimental)
1 0
2 5
3 10
4 15
5 20
6 25
7 30
8 35
9 40
10 45
11 50
12 55
13 60
14 65
15 70
16 75
17 80
18 85
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2. From the set of data above, draw the graph of experimental values of the period time
T vs. geff. Remember to include the graph with best fitting curve.
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3. Calculate the theoretical period of the pendulum at a given angle
# Theta (θ) geff = g cosθ T(s)
(Theoretical)
1 0
2 5
3 10
4 15
5 20
6 25
7 30
8 35
9 40
10 45
11 50
12 55
13 60
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14 65
15 70
16 75
17 80
18 85
4. From the set of data above, draw the graphs of theoretical value of the period time vs.
geff. Remember to include the graph with best fitting curve.
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5. What would the period be if the pendulum had been inclined to 90 degrees? What
value of g does this correspond to?
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6. Does the total mass affect the period time of the pendulum? Explain.
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7. From the equation:
2 21
32( ) cos
rod cm masses cm
rod masses cm
m L m
L
L
Tm m g
and data in Table 2, draw a
graph T2
vs. 1/(cos). Find experimental g value from the slope of that linear line.
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LAB REPORT 8:
VIBRATING STRINGS
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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A. Part 1 (frequency vs. n)
Unstretched length of the string (without knots) =
Mass of the string =
Unstretched linear density =
No Harmonic
number n
Frequency
f
Tension
T = mg
Unstretched
linear
density (1)
Wavelength
Wave speed
vf
1
2
3
4
5
6
1. Plot a graph of frequency as a function of n. What is the relationship between the two
variables?
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B. Part 2 (frequency vs. tension)
Stretched length of the string =
Mass of the string =
Unstretched length of the string =
No Harmonic
number n
Frequency
f
Tension
T = mg
Stretched
length
Lstretched
Stretched
linear
density 2
Wave speed
vf
1
50 g
2
3
4
5
6
2. Plot a graph of v2 as a function of F/µ. What is the relationship between the two
variables?
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C. Part 3 (frequency vs. density of medium)
String
type
Harmonic
number n
Tension
T = mg
Frequency
f
Stretched
linear
density 2
Wavelength
Wave
speed
vf
Wave
speed
vf
Deviation
%
………
………
………
3. Compare the two values of speed. What is the difference?
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4. Use the slope from your graph to calculate the density, µ , of the string. Also calculate
the uncertainty of µ .
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5. Calculate the percent deviation of the measured value of µ from the accepted value of
µ .
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LAB REPORT 9:
GYROSCOPE
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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1.1 Measuring the precession rate
Experimental data:
Table 9.1: Angular speed measurements
Add-
On
mass
Distance
d
Time for
ten
revolutions
(initial)
Time for
ten
revolutions
(final)
Average
Angular
Velocity of
Disk
Time for
Precession
T
Experimental
Precession
Rate =2/T
kg m rad/s rad/s rad/s sec rad/s
Questions:
1. What happens to the direction of precession if the spin of the disk is reversed? Explain
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1.2 Measuring quantities for the theoretical value
Table 9.2: Rotational inertia data
Frictio
n Mass
Hangin
g Mass
Origina
l Mass
Height
Mass
Falls
Radius
of
Pulley
Average
Times
Linear
Accele
ration
Tension Torque
Angular
Accelera
tion
Experiment
al
Rotational
Inertia
Kg Kg Kg m m s m/s2 N Nm rad/s
2 Kgm
2
2. How does the rate of precession change if the angular speed of the disk is increased?
Explain
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Table 9.3: Results
Solid
Disk
Mass
(M)
Solid
Disk
Radius
(K)
Theoretical
Rotational
Inertia
Add-
On
Mass
Distance
(d)
Gravitational
Acceleration
(g)
Average
Angular
Velocity
of Disk
()
Theoretical
Precession
Rate
Experimental
Precession
Rate
Precession
Rate
Difference
Kg m kgm2 kg m m/s
2 m/s
2 rad/s rad/s
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3. Does the precession speed depend on the gyroscope orientation?
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4. What aspect of the lab was the most confusing to you today?
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LAB REPORT 10:
BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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Experimental data:
Calculate the largest cross-sectional area (AL) and the smallest cross-sectional area (AS)
by multiplying the depth by the width for the two sections of the apparatus.
Depth____________
Width (large) ______________
Width (narrow) ______________
Area (A0) ______________
Area (A) ______________
Table 10.1
Run Volume
(ml)
Volume
(m3)
Time
(s)
P1
(kPa)
P2
(kPa)
P3
(kPa)
P4
(kPa)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Average
Questions:
1. Calculate the flow rate, R, volume/time, from the average value. Given 1ml = 1cm3 =
1×10-6
m3
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2. Use equation (10.2) in lab guide and the cross-sectional areas that you calculated to work
out the velocity of the water in the wide (v0) and narrow (v) sections of the apparatus.
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3. Which is larger v or v0, is this what you expected?
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4. If the apparatus was not constricted the pressure at point 2 (P0) is equal to the average
value of P1 and P3. Use your average values of P1 and P3 to calculate P0:
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5. Use equation 10.2 and your values for P0, v0 and v to calculate a value for P, the pressure
in the narrow section of the apparatus. The SI unit for pressure is the Pascal (Pa), 1kPa =
1000 Pa = 1000 N/m2 = 1000 kg s
-2 m
-1.
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6. How does your value for the pressure in the constriction compare to the measured values
P2 and P4? You might consider how precisely you can determine both the calculated and
measured pressures.
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Extra experiment
Change velocity of the water flowing out of the reservoir by using the clamp. Record the data
to table below:
No Volume
(m3)
Time
(s)
P1
(kPa)
P2
(kPa)
P3
(kPa)
P4
(kPa)
Average
of P1
and P3
/kPa
Average
of P2
and P4
/kPa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7. What can you conclude from this part of the experiment?
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LAB REPORT 11:
IDEAL GAS LAW
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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Procedure 1 Ideal Gas Law Syringe
Table 11.1
Run Volume
(cc)
Pressure
(kPa)
Initial
1
2
3
Final
1
2
3
Questions:
1. What happened to the temperature when the air was compressed? Why?
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2. What is the equilibrium temperature of the gas when it was compressed? Why? What is
the equilibrium pressure? Why does it not go back to “room pressure”?
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3. What happened to the temperature during the expansion (when you released the plunger)?
Why? Does it go below room temperature? Does the pressure go below “room pressure”?
What would you have to do to make this happen?
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Procedure 2 Constant Temperature
Table 11.2
Volume (cc) Run Pressure (kPa) Temperature (K)
45
1
2
3
40
1
2
3
35
1
2
3
30
1
2
3
25
1
2
3
20
1
2
3
4. For each of the pressures, calculate the inverse pressure (1/P). Graph Volume vs 1/P.
Why does this give a straight line? Use the Ideal gas law to show that a graph of Volume
vs 1/P results in a straight line with a slope given by: Slope = nRT
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5. Determine the slope of this line from your graph of Volume vs. 1/P. Use your values to
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determine the number of moles (n) of air in the syringe. Pay attention to the units!
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Extra experiment
Table 11.3
Volume (cc) Run Pressure (kPa) Temperature (K)
60
1
2
3
50
1
2
3
40
1
2
3
30
1
2
3
20
1
2
3
6. Put this new data on the same graph. Why is this slope different? Is the volume offset
about the same as before?
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Procedure 3 Adiabatic Compression
Table 11.4
Run Volume (cc) Pressure (kPa) Temperature (K)
Initial
1
2
3
Final
1
2
3
7. Measure the peak pressure (Pfinal) after compression. Was this truly adiabatic?
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8. Using the Ideal Gas Law, calculate the theoretical peak temperature.
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9. Measure the peak temperature after compression. Why did it not occur at the same time as
the peak pressure? Why is this temperature so much lower than the theoretical?
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LAB REPORT 12:
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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Procedure 1 Constant volume
Diameter of the sphere: …………………………………
Volume of the sphere: …………………………………...
Is this measurement more or less than the actual volume of the sphere? Why?
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Table 12.1
Run Temperature (oC) Pressure (kPa)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Questions:
1. Plot a graph of pressure versus temperature. Use the Ideal Gas Law to show that a
graph of Pressure vs. Temperature results in a straight line with a slope given by:
V
nRSlope
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2. Determine the slope of this line from the Pressure vs. Temperature graph. Use your
values to determine the number of moles (n) of air in the sphere. Pay attention to the
units!
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3. Does your graph confirm Gay-Lussac’s Law? From your graph (adjust axes if
necessary) determine the value of the temperature when the pressure is zero. Is this
what you expect? If done in DataStudio or Excel, print out one graph for the group.
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Further Investigations
Table 12.2
Run Temperature (oC) Pressure (kPa)
1
2
3
4
5
6
4. Disconnect the white plastic pressure coupler from the sensor and place the sphere in
the hot water. Does air flow in or out of the sphere? Explain.
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5. Put this new data on the same graph. Why is this slope different? Calculate the new
number of moles of air.
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LAB REPORT 13:
HEAT ENGINE CYCLES
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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Experiment data
Point A of the cycle (air chamber in cold tap water):
PA = [Pa]
VA = [m3]
Point B of the cycle:
PB = [Pa]
VB = [m3]
Questions:
1. What happened when 200 g mass is added to the piston platform?
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Point C of the cycle:
PC = [Pa]
VC = [m3]
2. What happened when the air chamber is placed in boiling water?
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Point D of the cycle:
PD = [Pa]
VD = [m3]
3. What happened when the 200 g mass is removed from the piston platform?
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4. Comment on what happened when the air chamber is returned to the beaker with cold
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water (i.e. to point A of the cycle):
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5. Explain how the thermodynamic work was estimated from the P-V (ABCD-cycle)
diagram
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6. Explain how the mechanical work was computed. Show your work
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LAB REPORT 14:
BLACKBODY RADIATION
Date of Experiment: ...........................................
Date of Report: ...................................................
Members:
1. ........................................................................
2. ........................................................................
3. ........................................................................
4. ........................................................................
5. ........................................................................
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Questions:
1. Draw the graph of the light intensity over wavelength.
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2. How does the wavelength at the intensity peak compare to the wavelength of visible light
(350-700 nm) at all temperatures used in this experiment? What does this say about the
efficiency of the incandescent lamp as a light source?
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3. What happens to the intensity peak as the filament temperature increases? How is this
related to the change in color of the light?
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4. Use the Smart Cursor on the Temperature graph to find the temperatures of the filament.
Calculate the peak wavelength for each temperature using Equation (14.2). Do these
General Physics 1 Laboratory 2017
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theoretical values correspond to peak wavelengths on the intensity graphs?
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5. At about what wavelength is the peak wavelength of our Sun? What color is our Sun?
Why?
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6. For the highest temperature, is more of the intensity (area of the intensity vs. wavelength
graph) in the visible part of the spectrum or in the infrared part of the spectrum? How
could a light bulb be made more efficient so it puts out more light in the visible region?
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