generations of computers any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic....
TRANSCRIPT
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Generations of Computers
Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable
from magic.Arthur C. Clarke
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Charles Babbage1822 - The Difference Engine
1991 Reproduction of the Difference Engine
Babbage invented a mechanical "difference engine" for the calculation of arithmetical functions and set out plans for an "analytical engine" whose operation would have included logarithmic and trigonometric functions as well.
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Mark I
The Mark 1 is seen as the first full-sized digital computer. It weighed 5 tons, had 500 miles of wiring, was used only for numeric calculations, and took three seconds to carry out one multiplication computation.
Mark 1 - 1944
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1st Generation of Computers
Vacuum Tubes
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ENIAC1945
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ENIAC could add, subtract, multiply, divide, and extract square roots. ENIAC stored a maximum of twenty 10-digit decimal numbers. Its accumulators combined the functions of an adding machine and storage unit. It contained 20,000 vacuum tubes.
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IBM SSEC
1947
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UNIVAC
•1951
A Later modification of the UNIVAC was the first computer to make use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
Military.mov
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IBM 702
1955
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From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors
• 1959-1964
2nd Generation of Computers
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IBM 1401
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3rd Generation of Computers1964-1975
Integrated Circuits
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Digital PDP
Programmed Data Processor
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Circuitry encased in chips
Computers produce less heat and run many programs with a central program to coordinate the computer’s memory and components.
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1969• 1969: The US Department of Defense commissions Arpanet for research networking, and the first four nodes come operations al UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, SRI, and the University of Utah. Arpanet laid the foundation for the Internet.
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Moore’s Law
Gordon Moore
Cost of 1 MHz of Processing Power
1970 – $7,601.00 1999 - $ .17
Cost of 1 mb Storage
1970 – 5.257.00 1999 - $ .17
Cost of sending 1 trillion bits
1970 - $150,00.00 1999 - $ .12
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1971 – The First Microprocessor
• Intel 4004 dubbed “a computer on a chip”
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1972 - Pong
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1973 - Large scale integration
10,000 components are placed on a 1cm2 chip
The 1975 Altair (kit) used large scale integration
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4th Generation of Computers
Mid – 1970’s – Current
Large-Scale Integration
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1976 CRAY I
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1977 – Apple II
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1977 – Tandy Commodore
Radio Shack
TRS - 80
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Microsoft - 1977
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1977 – Cellphones
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1981 - IBM PCThe first open architecture computer goes mainstream
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1984 – Apple MacIntosh
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1984 – CD ROM
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1985- Intel 386
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1985 – Windows 1.0
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1989 – Intel 4861.2 Million Transistors
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1989Tim
Berners-LeeWorld Wide Web
URL
HTML
HTTP://
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1993 – Intel Pentium
• 3.5 million transistors
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1994Marc Andreeson
• Netscape
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1995 – Windows 95
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1995 – Amazon.comFirst large internet site for
commerce
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1996 – Windows CE
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1997 – IBM’s “Big Blue” beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov in
only 62 minutes.
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1997 Intel Pentium II
233 MHz
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1999 – Intel Pentium III
500 MHz
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Today's microprocessors contain tens of millions of microscopic transistors.
Pentium IV
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Fifth Generation
Voice Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
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