generic cabling â€“ version 5

090.5256

Installation and Testing GuidelineGeneric Cabling – Version 5.2

R&Mfreenet Test Specifications

Version 5.2September 2011

2

090.5447 010.1694.3 020.0983

090.2010

Table of contents Page

17 Patch Cables 30

18 Notes Regarding Field Tests 31

19 Test Equipment Suitable for Class D/E/EA 32

20 Test Equipment Settings, Test Adapter for Class D/E/EA 33

21 Testing Cabling with a Consolidation Point 34

22 Test Link Description 35

23 Length Restrictions for Fixed Balanced Cabling Links 36

24 Short Lenght Supported by Cat. 6A 44

25 Fiber Optic Channel Attenuation 45

26 Fiber Optic Calibration 48

27 Measurement with the OTDR 52

28 Characteristic Problems in Generic Cabling Systems 54

29 Checklist for Measuring Problems 55

30 Glossary 30

31 Notes 62

Table of contents Page

1 Preface 3

2 R&Mfreenet 4

3 Safety 5

4 Fiber Optic Safety 7

5 Quality Assurance during Project Execution 9

6 Generic Cabling Standards 10

7 Storage of Installation Cable 11

8 Bending Radius 12

9 Cable Installation 14

10 EMC Concepts 18

11 Clearences between Data and Power Cables 19

12 Cable Preparation (stripping tools) 23

13 Termination of RJ45 Modules 24

14 Polarity Maintenance: Fiber Optic Duplex Connector Assembly 25

15 Cable Management 29

16 Labels and Administration 30



3

1 PReface

R&M is a leading Swiss company who manufacture and deliver complete cabling solutions for high quality communication networks.. Since company’s foundation in 1964, R&M specialists have been ensuring that installers are able to carry out their demanding tasks economically and efficiently. The company employs cabling specialist around the globe and has representatives world wide.

The foundation for future-oriented and economical communications infrastructure today is based upon structured cabling systems which are application independent. There is a high demand for infrastructure systems that can accommodate all current communication requirements as well as those foreseen over the next five to ten years. The infrastructure requires accurate design, high-performance products and a zero-defect installation.

This guideline has primarily been published for the use of certified R&M installers and planners who have completed their training and after having been certified by R&M, are capable of planning, installing and testing R&Mfreenet cabling systems. The handbook provides installers and planners with guidelines to follow during installation and testing of R&Mfreenet products and their specifications and is also a reference work, which includes appropriate recommendations.

Copper- and/or FO generic cabling systema are subjected to high demands, and it is not possible to employ installers who do not have appropriate knowledge.

Higher transmission speeds and comprehensive flexibility requirements place higher demands on the communications infrastructure. Structured cabling systems provide a foundation for a future-oriented network infrastructure and guarantee high cost effectiveness and flexibility, as well as forming a stable basis for future transmission processes.

The guidelines are an integral part of the R&Mfreenet warranty program. They are intended to alleviate some of the increased complexity of acceptance tests and thereby simplify field measurements for R&Mfreenet systems.

They also provide assistance to installers and planers in order to realise standard compliant, high relaible and best performing passiv networks.

Utmost care was taken in preparing this document and it includes the latest technical revision levels at the time of publication.

Changes or corrections to the document will be included in new editions. We reserve the right to make technical revisions at any time.

To be sure to have latest version, please check www.rdm.com frequently.



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2 R&Mfreenet

For planers and installers, the R&Mfreenet cabling system opens up a universe of infinite possibilities and a convincingly logical structure. With the four systems each for cooper and glass fiber we can cover each and every cabling demand of our customers – be it for office premises, buildings, industrial plants, company locations, medical surroundings or high-performance data centers. On the base of the required performance capacity of the IT and telecommunications infrastructure, the environmental conditions and the required level of security, the ideal solution is configured from these systems. The modular principle and the standard-compliant, application-neutral design guarantee that every installation can be used flexibly and extended in the future. The product ranges are consistently compatible and based on the latest and relevant international standards ISO/IEC 11801, EN 50173-x and EIA/TIA 568C.

Matrix

R&M System Name Permanent Link channel

Cat. 5e Class D Class D

Cat. 6 Class E Class E

Cat. 6 Real 10 Class E Class EA

Cat. 6A Class EA Class EA

OM1/2

OF-100, OF-300OF-500, OF-2000

OF-100, OF-300OF-500, OF-2000

OM3

OM4

OS2OF-100, OF-300

OF-500, OF-2000OF-5000, OF-10’000

OF-100, OF-300OF-500, OF-2000

OF-5000, OF-10’000



5

3 SafeTy

The installer must take all necessary safety precautions, such as wearing protective clothing and goggles and observing warning signs or barriers, to ensure that the required personnel and equipment protection for himself and third parties is provided. Applicable national laws and regulations regarding safety must always be observed.

In addition to the legal responsibility every one is also responsible for his own health.

Current legislation gives planners responsibility for the project safety, while the building owner is expected to respect the many standards concerning the safety of the building’s electrical infrastructure.

Optical fiber hazard Keep exposed optical fiber ends away from the skin and eyes. The waste fragments should be treated with care and not picked up with bare hands, but rather with special gloves. Dispose of waste in a suitable container via an approved agency. Make sure that the quantity of optical fiber waste is minimised. Closures containing termination points for optical fiber cabling must labelled with appropriate warning signs or a clearly viewable text.

Laser classification OverviewThere are four Laser Classifications, based on risk levels. Laser manufacturers are required to label their lasers accordingly.

CLASS 1LASER PRODUCT

DO NOT DISASSEMBLEREFER SERVICE TO

QUALIFIED PERSONNEL

cLaSS 1 LaserNo risk and considered safe. Examples are CD/DVD players and laser printers. These lasers are not hazardous, due to low power output, for continuous viewing or they are designed to prevent access to laser radiation. Class 1 lasers include lasers that may be hazardous but are housed in enclosures that prevent any exposure.

CAUTIONLASER RADIATIONDO NOT STARE INTO BEAM

< 1 MILLIWATT LASER DIODECLASS 2 LASER PRODUCT

cLaSS 2 LaserRisk levels increase. These lasers emit a visible beam, from 400 to 780 nanometers (nm), with an upper power limit of 1 milliwatt. An example is a (mw) bar code scanner. Momentary viewing is not hazardous, but extended viewing is. Laser protective eyewear is recommended for even momentary viewing and necessary for extended viewing.



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cLaSS 3a LaserIncreased risk. If the laser’s output is viewed through collecting optics, permanent eye damage can result. If a laser is not Class 1 or 2 with an output of less than 0.5 milliwatts (mw), it is a Class 3 device. Laser safety eyewear protection is a must.

cLaSS 3B LaserInjuries to the eye and skin can result from direct exposure. Natural avoidance reactions are not enough to prevent retinal damage. Close viewing of diffuse (scattered) reflections can also be injurious. If a continuous laser’s output is less than 0.5 watts it is a Class 3B laser. Suitable laser safety eye protection is a necessity.

cLaSS 4 LaserHazardous to eyes and skin, from direct or diffuse exposure. Fire danger is present. Laser protective eyewear is mandatory.

UPDaTe NOTe: This list of safety hardware items complies with the laser classes defined in IEC-825-1.

In IEC-825-3, issued on Jan.1, 2004, the laser classes were completely new categorized, into the classes 1, 1M, 2, 2M, 3R, 3B, and 4.

DANGERLASER RADIATION – AVOID

DIRECT EYE EXPOSURE

< 5 MILLIWATT LASER DIODECLASS IIIa LASER PRODUCT

DANGERLASER RADIATION – AVOID

DIRECT EXPOSURE TO BEAM

50 MILLIWATT VANADATECLASS IIIb LASER PRODUCT

DANGERLASER RADIATION – AVOID EYEOR SKIN EXPOSURE TO DIRECT

OR SCATTERED RADIATION

15 WATT ARGON/KRYPTONCLASS IV LASER PRODUCT

090.2520



7

4 fiBeR OPTic SafeTy

cable handling All optical fiber cables are sensitive to damage during handling & installation. Some of the important parameters that needs special attention during cable installation are:

important: cable bending radius: Optical fiber cables are designed with particular bending radius & tensile strength. The cable should never be bent below minimum bending radius at any location. Doing so can result in beding losses and/or breaks in the cable. Generally the bending radius of a cable is greater than 20D, where D is the diameter of cable.

important: cable pulling tension: Exceeding the cable Pulling Tension above the defined value the Cable Data sheet / Specification, can alter cable’s & fiber characteristics.

Laser precaution Laser beam used in optical communications is invisible and can seriously damage the eyes. Viewing it directly does not cause any pain and the iris of Eye does not close automatically as it does while viewing the bright light. This can cause serious damage to the retina of eye. Therfore,

• Never look into a fiber having a laser coupled to it. • If eye is accidentally exposed to LASER beam, immediately rush for medical assistance.

Optical fiber handling precaution The broken ends of fibers created during termination and splicing can be dangerous. The ends are extremely sharp and can easily penetrate the skin. They invariably break off and are very hard to find and remove. Sometimes pair of tweezers and magnifying glass are needed to take them out. And any delay in taking the fiber out of body could lead to infection, which is dangerous. Hence,

• Be careful while handling the fibers • Do not stick the broken ends of fiber into your fingers • Do not drop fiber pieces on the floor where they will stick in carpets or shoes and be carried elsewhere-like home. • Disponse off all scraps properly. • Do not eat or drink near the installation area.

Material safety Fiber optic splicing and termination processes require various chemical cleaners and adhesives. The safty instructions defined for these substances should also be followed. If there is confusion in usage of these products, ask the manufacturer for a MSDS (Material Safty Data Sheet). Remember the following instructions while working with material.

• always work in well-ventilated areas. • Avoid skin contact to materials involved as much as possible. • Avoid using chemicals that cause allergic reactions. • Even simple isopropyl alcohl, used as a cleaner, is flammable and should be handled carefully.



8

Primary treatments if exposed to isopropanol & Hexane in cleaning fibers

Hecane iso-Propanol

Type of exposure effect of exposure emergency Treament effect of exposure emergency treatment

inhalation Irritation of respiratory tract, cough

Maintain Respiration, Bed rest.

Irritation of upper respiratory tract

Remove victim to fresh air area, Administer artificial respiration if breathing is regular

ingestion Nausea, Vomiting, Headache

Do not induce vomiting, immediately seek, medical advice.

Drunkenness & vomiting Have a victim drink water and milk, seek medical aid.

contact with skin Irritation Wipe off affected area of skin & wash with soap & water

Harmless to skin Wipe off affected area of skin & wash with soap & water

contact with eyes Irritation Wash eyes with plenty of water for 15 min.

Irritation Wash eyes with plenty of water for 15 min.

fire safety • The fusion splices use an electric spark to make splice, so ensure that there are no flammable gases in the space where fusion splicing is done. • Splicing should never be done in places manholes where gases can accumulate. • The cables are brought up to the surface into a splicing trailer where all fiber work is done. So the splicing trailer is temperature-controlled and kept spotlessy clean to ensure good splicing. • Smoking should not be allowed around fiber optic work. The ashes from smoking can contribute to the dust problems in fibers, apart from the danger of explosion posed by them due to presence of combustible substances.

Safty during duct installation Manhole / Underground vaults safety: • Exposive gases or vapors might be present in manholes due to leaking of nearby gas or liquid pipelines. Before entering any manhole test the manhole atmosphere with an approved test kit for flammable and poisonous gases. • Avoid usage of any device that produces spark or flame in manhole.

Working safety: • To minimize the risks of an accident in the work area follow specified rules for setting up barricades, manhole guards and warning signs. • Before pulling cable directly from figure 8 shape, make sure that the area inside the loop of the cable is clear of personnel and equipment. Failure to do so may result in injury to personnel or damage to the cable due to entanglement. • Ensure that the tools and equipments used for cable installation are in proper condition. Corrosion of equipments may damage cable or cause injury to personnel. Take care of electric hazards, if electrical lines are passing through the manholes or vaults where installation is being done.



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5 QUaLiTy aSSURaNce DURiNg PROjecT execUTiON

Process Objective Responsible partyPlanning •Thegenericcablingsystemmustbecarefullydesignedtocomplywiththepresently

applicable standards.•Useapproved/selected/suitablecomponents.•Thebuildinginfrastructuremustbedesignedsothatthegenericcablingsystemcan

be installed in accordance with currently applicable standards.•Theplannerisrequiredtoensurethatthisoccursbypreparingacablingspecification

which is agreed upon by the architect/end user/installer.•Makesurethattheallneededtoolsareavailable.•Makesureallsafetyprecautionsaredefinedandthepersonnelinstructed

Planner/architect, end- customer

Component manufacturing

•Materialsusedmustbeinaccordancewiththestandardsdefinedbytheplanner.•Componentsusedmustadheretointernationalandlocalregulations.

Component manufacturer

Installation •Componentsmustbeprocured,stored,deliveredandinstalledinaccordancewiththe operating instructions.

•Componentsmustundergoreceivinginspection.•Installationcablesmustbeofthesameorhighercategoryastheconnecting

hardware•InstallinaccordancewithstandardEN50174.(allsuffixes).•Makesurethecableductisadequatelyprotectedtoavoiddamagesfromthirdparty.•Inspectthebuildinginfrastructurebeforeinstalling;e.g.,largeenoughcableroutes,

separation of data cables and power cables, large enough risers.•Checklabels•Inspectthecablinginstallationfrequentlyforproperworkmanship(maintained

bending radii, no kinks in the installation cables, periodic measurements, etc.)•Locate/removeorprovidesolutionsforcriticalobstaclesforpullinginstallation

cables.•Provideadequatepersonnel(skillandnumber)fortheprojectsize.•Providealladequatetools.

Installer

Acceptance •Periodictestsduringtheinstallationandbeforeprojectcompletionaccordingtoagreed schedule (with the end user)

•Testinaccordancewiththeinstructionsfromthesystemsupplier,thetestequipment manufacturer and planner procedure.

•Makesurethatthetestequipmentisadequateandingoodworkingorder.

Installer, test company

Operation •Ensureefficientsystemcapacityutilisation.•Usethecablinginaccordancewiththespecifications•Makesurethemaintenanceplancoversrepairactionprocedures.

Building operator

Checklist Quality Assurance is implemented in the document “Certification Request”.



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6 geNeRic caBLiNg STaNDaRDS

Balanced cablingThe following lists the current standards in the field of cabling and their status. Where uncertainties or contradictions exist, R&M uses ISO/IEC 11801 as a reference standard. The current valid edition can be found in „Appendix 1 to the Warranty Program“ Chapter 3.

Standard Description StatusISO/IEC 11801 Ed. 2.1 (2008) Information technology- Generic cabling for customer

premises (classes EA, FA) ratified

ISO/IEC 11801 Amd. 2 (2010-04) Permanent link EA/FA, ratified

ISO/IEC 24764 Ed. 1.0 (2010-04) Information technology- Generic cabling systems for data centres

ratified

EN 50173-1, 3rd Ed. (2011-05) Information technology - Generic cabling systems- Part 1: General requirements component Cat. 6A and 7A ,OM4, FO-Channel Class OF-100

ratified

EN 50173-2 (2007) Information technology - Generic cabling systems - Part 2: Office premises

ratified

EN 50173-2/A1 (2010-12) OF-100, OS2, OM4, Cat 6A, Cat 7A, Class EA, Class FA ratified

EN 50173-5 (2007-04) Information technology - Generic cabling systems- Part 5: Data centres

ratified

EN 50173-5/A1 (2010-12) Permanent link EA/FA, Cat. 6A/7A OM 4, OS 2, OF-100,

ratified

TIA-568-C.2 (2010) Balanced Twisted-Pair Telecommunications Cabling and Components Standard

ratified

TIA-568-C-3 (2008) Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard ratified

TIA-942 Telecommunications infrastructure standard for data centers

ratified

The standards listed above can be ordered online at the following website: www.cablingstandards.com

Differences between class and category in today’s standards

iSO/iec 11801 edition 2.1 and eN 50173-1. (2011) Tia-568-c.2 (2010)Class D (100 MHz) category 5e

Class E (250 MHz) category 6

Class EA (500 MHz) category 6A – not equivalent to Class EA!!

Class F (600 MHz) not included

Class FA (1000 MHz) not included

Optical fiber cabling

Fiber channels have been divided in classes of different length: Of-100m, Of-300m, Of-500m, Of-2000m. The corresponding application possibilities are mentioned in ISO/IEC 11801 Ed. 2 Amd. 2, Annex F.

it is assumed that every single channel within an installation includes fibers of the same specification.



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Optical fiber cable attenuation Six types are specified. OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4, OS1, OS2

Cabled Optical Fibre Attenuation (maximum) dB/Km

OM1, OM2, OM3 and OM4 multimode OS1 single-mode OS2 single-mode

Wavelength 850nm 1'300 nm 1'310 nm 1'550 nm 1'310 nm 1,383 1'550 nmAttenuation 3.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.4

Maximum Modal Bandwidth (MHz x km)

Overfilled launch bandwidth Effective modal bandwidth

Wavelength 850 nm 1’300nm 850 nm

Category Nominal core diameter μm

OM1 50 or 62,5 200 500 Not specifiedOM2 50 or 62,5 500 500 Not specifiedOM3 50 1,500 500 2000mOM4 50 3,500 500 4,700

7 STORage Of iNSTaLLaTiON caBLeIf the installation cable (copper or fiber) is not used immediately after delivery, it must be stored in a suitable location. The cable must be stored in a dry location where it will not be subjected to mechanical damage or harmful climatic conditions. If possible, the stored material should be kept in its original packing right up to the time of installation. The relatively loose cable construction (generally true of all symmetrical data cables) can cause a slight capillary effect, which can draw moisture into the cable. If water enters in this manner, impedance values of the cable change, which causes the electrical transmission characteristics of the cable to deteriorate.

Any moisture entering reduces the effectiveness of the conductor insulation and increases the risk of corrosion of metallic parts, also water inside the cable can cause the cable sheet to break if the temperature falls below zero degrees. For this reason cable ends should be protected. Fiber optic cables should be protected with heat shrink cap.

When data cables are delivered in winter cable reels that were xposed to temperatures below zero for a long time should be left to acclimatize in a warmer environment before they are unrolled and installed.

Remember that receiving inspection is the first step of the quality process. This inspection should include: cable quantity, part number verification, recording of cable quality traceability identifiers (production lot, batch, production date) and possibly verifying functionality by creating a sample link to be tested according to standards. Remember that before any testing, you should allow two or three days for the cable to relieve the stress of lay down or pulling operation.



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8 BeNDiNg RaDiUSgeneral requirementsIn data sheets of cable manufacturers the bending radius is defined as a multiple of the outside cable diameter. (See extract from a data sheet of a data cable below.) There are two relevant minimum bending radii: one for the laying of the installation cable and one for the installation cable once it is installed (without mechanical load).

copper cable characteristicsTemperature range

Radii In operation [°C] – 20 to + 75

Minimum bending radius during installation 8 x D Installation [°C] 0 to + 50

Minimum bending radius, installed 4 x D PVC IEC 60332-1

Copper cable tensile strength LSZH IEC 61034, IEC 60754-1, IEC 60332-1LSFRZH IEC 61034-1, IEC 60754-2, IEC 60332-3-24

Maximum tensile strength during installation [N] 100 @ (10 kg)Maximum tensile strength during installation Real10 [N] 80 @ (8 kg) Fire loadMaximum tensile strength, installed No tension PVC [MJ/km] 276

Refer to cable manufacturer’s datasheet LSZH [MJ/km] 639LSFRZH [MJ/km] 550

fiber optic cable characteristics

Radii

Minimum bending radius during installation Depends on cable construction

Minimum bending radius, installed Depends on cable construction

Refer to cable manufacturer’s datasheet

Fiber optic cable tensile strength

Refer to cable manufacturer’s datasheet

Maximum tensile strength, installed No tension

090.2508 090.2507

correct: Copper cables stored in a dry location. incorrect: Copper cables stored in the open.



13

The following bending radius result for R&Mfreenet copper installation cables:

Minimum bending radius Rule of thumb for the minimum bending radius

Cable type: Category Installation Installed Category Installation Installed

U/UTP Cat. 5e 42 mm 25 mm Cat. 5 50 mm 25 mm

U/UTP Cat. 6 63 mm 50 mm Cat. 6/6A 60 mm 50 mm

Real10-U/UTP Cat. 6 70 mm 60 mm Cat. 7/7A 70 mm 50 mm

F/UTP Cat. 5e 50 mm 50 mm Real10 U/UTP 70 mm 60 mm

SF/UTP Cat. 5e 52 mm 50 mm

Real10 U/FTP Cat. 6A 60 mm 50 mm

Real10 F/FTP Cat. 6A 60 mm 50 mm

Real10 S/FTP Cat. 6A 60 mm 50 mm

Real10 S/FTP Cat. 7 60 mm 50 mm

Real10 S/FTP Cat. 7A 60 mm 50 mm

When bending radii are too tight, especially in cable installation, they can alter the mechanical structure of the twisted pairs within a cable, and this has a negative effect on the cable’s transmission characteristics (mostly NEXT, FEXT and RL).

When fiber bending radii are too tight during installation and also in cable duct and outlet boxes micro cracks can occurs. It results in higher at-tenuation and will decrease the lifetime of the fiber drastically. The bending radius needs to be constantly checked when laying an installation cable. Unprofessional laying, for example across the edges of wall ducts, narrow cable tracks, and cable twisting while pulling it, must be avoided. Critical locations therefore need to be treated with utmost care. We recommend ran-dom sample testing of admissible bending radii in generic cabling systems after installation.

In the event of distinctive shortfall of the laid down radii, stress applied to the installation cable or of damage through third-parties, acceptance should be refused and cable replacement is required Wrong installation procedures, i.e.: kinking, bending radii, cable stress, torsion resulting in cable damage, will be considered the installer’s responsibility.

010.3542

010.3544



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9 caBLe iNSTaLLaTiON Balanced cablingSymmetrical installation cables are intended to be installed only once. It is very important to install cables carefully to achieve the values specified in the standards.

Margins are so tight in today’s data cable design that performance deterioration caused by improper installation can already lead to failures during the acceptance tests.

The following requirements must therefore be strictly adhered to when installing a cable

The permissible tensile forces for the respective installation cable can be found in the data sheets and must be maintained.

(See following extract.)

Maximum tensile force

Maximum tensile force during installation 100 N @ (10 kg)

Maximum tensile force, installed none

With special tools it is not possible to exceed a certain pulling force. These tools always assure the quality of the twisted pair cable.

fiber optic cable tensile strength Refer to cable manufacturer’s datasheetMaximum tensile strength, installed No tension

Use mechanical fuses or equivalent protection when you lay-in optical fiber cables, to ensure that the maximum tensile load established by the cable manufacturer is not exceeded. To prevent the ingress of water and other contaminants during installation, the optical cable must always remain sealed.

Exceeding cable pulling forces can occur stress on the fiber, which can increase the attenuation and might stay irreversible.

Indoor and outdoor cables shall be used as specified.

Exceeding the specified tensile forces, particularly in connection with too small bending radii (main result of the high forces), can negatively alter the cable properties.



15

When routing installation cables in vertical shafts or risers, gravity should be used – instead of pulling the cables up the shaft, lower them from above. This avoids unnecessary tensile forces. (See figure 2 on page 16)

Nevertheless, this is sometimes neither possible nor practical. If the cables must be pulled upward, adequate installation personnel should be available to safely and carefully pull the cable through all of the levels. When routing installation cables in raceways they should be fastened - use Velcro and avoid plastic straps, fasten the cable after it is sitting in its final position and never bend cable bundle after ties are tightened. Ensure that the cable ties are not tied too tightly. It should still be possible to turn them slightly and the cable jacket should maintain its original shape. If the cable ties are tied too tightly, pressure points result, which deteriorate the electrical transmission properties of the data cables. For vertical installations strain relief is recommended at least every 600 mm. Avoid cable bundling or limit the quantity of cables bundled together to reduce the occurrence of alien crosstalk and cable stress when moving or bending, and to make sure the specified bending radii are not exceeded.

When routing cables in under floor system raceways, take care not to pinch the cables to avoid highly probable damage to the cables. This often occurs when fitting floor plates and causes irreparable damage to installation cables.Avoid coiling cable slack as it can cause return loss reflections which can lead to a fail during acceptance testing.

Avoid laying out (extensively unrolling) the cable before pulling it to prevent third parties from damaging the exposed cable. Remember that symmetrical cables are designed for indoor applications, therefore the cable should always be protected. Unprotected cables are subject to damage. The cables may not be unrolled over the sides of the reel flanges. (This risks twisting the cables. The geometry of the symmetrical pairs is noticeably changed.)

When pulling the cable, a cable pulling sock should be used. Note: Fasten all conductors to the pulling tool and secure with insulation tape. If dampness or wetness is detected when pulling the cables, the source of the water must be determined and eliminated.

If the cable was pulled through water when it was installed, the wet end must immediately be cut back by at least 0.5 m. For fiber optic cable leave a minimum of 6 m slack to be able to handle the field termination or splicing.

In case of water and dirt filled underground ducts or tubes to prevent cable damage blow it out.



16

If cables are routed across any edges where they bend or branch, ensure that the minimum specified bending radius for the respective cable type is maintained when pulling the cable. If cables must be pulled across edges, ensure that the outer cable jacket is not damaged by abrasion or tensile stress. Ensure that the total weight of all installed cables does not damage the installation cables on the bottom.

The use of guides and pulleys (see Figure 1) is recommended to protect the pulled cables, as well as routing by hand using an additional installer or partially installing step by step.

figure 1 figure 2

The following lists the characteristics of a proper and professional installation:We do not claim that the list is exhaustive.

• Adequatepersonnelmustbepresentatsitetopulltheinstallationcables.

• Beforeroutingthecables,edgesofopeningsandpipesmustberoundedoff,toavoiddamagingthejacketwhenthe cables are later routed and fastened.

• Cableductsorconduitsmustbeusedwhenpassingthroughwalls.Rememberthatthestandardrequiresthesespaces to be only 40% filled.

• Wheninstallingthecable,thebendingradiusmaynotbelessthanthatspecifiedbythecablemanufacturer.Thesame applies after the cable has been installed.

• Toavoidaccidentalcabledamage,thecablesshouldbelaiddirectlyfromthecablereelsalongthecableroutesand should not be laid out for several metres along the floor.

• Ensurethatadequatetoolsforcableunrolling,laydownand/orpullingaswellaspulleysforcornersareavailableand personnel instructed on their usage.

• Anysignofstressorkinksinthecablesheetinsulationorconductorsmustbeavoided(e.g.causedbyimproperfastening or by the weight of crossed installation cables).

• Theradiusofthechannelroutemustbeselectedsothatthespecifiedminimumbendingradiusismaintainedwhen changing direction.

• Metallicductsorracewaysmustbeproperlyconnectedandbondedtoground.



17

• Donotbundlecables(especiallyU-UTP)together.Ifthisisnotpossible/practicalthenlimitthenumberofcablesbundled together.

• Cabletiegunsorsimilartoolsmaynotbeusedwhenfasteningvarioustypesofcables,normaytheybeusedwhen fastening cable ties to provide connection module strain relief

• Nopressuremaybeexertedonthecablesbecauseofimpropertyingfromusingquickcableinstallersorcableties. The basic principle is that the geometry of the cable jacket must not change.

• Cablechannelsmustbeclosedafterworkhasbeencompleted(raisedfloors,wallducts,etc.)toavoiddirtanddamage caused by third parties .

• Peopleshouldbepreventedfromsteppingonthecables.Pressurepointscausedeteriorationoftheelectricaltransmission properties of the installation cables.

• Datacablesaresensitivetodirectsourcesofheat:hotairblowersorgasburnersusedforinstallingshrinktubingmust not be used in the vicinity of data cables.

• Ifchemicalsareusedtofacilitatecablepulling,besuretheyarecompatiblewiththecablesheetmaterial.Thisis also applicable to any chemical (mostly spray type) used for other types of cables that may accidentally get in contact with data cables.

Proper direction for unrolling improper direction for unrolling

In order to further reduce the tensile force in the installation cable when unrolling, it is advisable to assist the unrolling process by turning the reel. That is, whenever possible, the reel should be manually unrolled.

090.2509 090.2510



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10 eMc cONcePTS The earthing concept forms the basis for a comprehensive EMC and safety concept and should influence the selection of the cabling system (screened/unscreened). The building where cabling is intended to be installed must be carefully inspected with respect to existing equipotential connections. Local regulations regarding earth bonding must be complied with. Figure 1 shows various configurations for implementation of earthing systems.

Traditionally a tree or star configuration was preferred in the telecommunications sector. In this type of system the various earthing conductors are connected together at a central earthing point (Figure 1). This method to a large extent prevents earth loops from forming and reduces the generation of low frequency noise (hum).

Nowadays mesh earthing configurations are almost always used, also for high-frequency data transmission systems. For this type of earthing the building as a whole must have the greatest possible number of suitable earth points (Figure 2). For this configuration it is important to connect all metallic objects in the buildings to the earthing system using suitable interconnection components. The interconnection elements should have as large a conducting surface area as possible, so that they can conduct high-frequency currents (e.g. earthing straps, metal bus, bus links, etc.).

For buildings where continuous earth meshing is not possible, the situation can be improved by creating cells. This type of local mesh earth can be formed by using metal cable channels, raised floors or parallel copper conductors.

Where raised floors without support rails are used for the floor panels, the panel supports should be interconnected in a mesh pattern to achieve optimum results.

If different metals are interconnected, consideration should be given to the possible deterioration of the contact points due to electro-chemical corrosion. Metals which interconnect should be selected so that their electro-chemical potentials are close or the contact point suitably protected from environmental influences (i.e. moisture).

For screened generic cabling systems the screen in the floor distributor should be connected to the earthing system. If a good mesh earth is available at a particular level, the outlet can also be earthed.

Typical tree earth

Entire level mesh earth

Star earth

Star point earth

Earthing point

Figure 1: Tree/star earthing

Mesh earth

Local mesh earth

Earthing pointFigure 2: Mesh earthing



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11 cLeaRaNceS BeTWeeN cOPPeR DaTa aND POWeR caBLeS general requirnementMaintain the minimum clearance to power cables as listed in the following table. The following table lists the minimum clearance, A, between data and power cables (in accordance with EN 50174-2: August 2009), which must be maintained to ensure that the electromagnetic noise emission effects are kept to a minimum.

Notes:

(1) Local conditions may require that greater clearances than listed here be used.

(2) A minimum clearance of 130 mm must be maintained between data cables and lamp mountings such as neon, incandescent and discharge lamps (e.g. mercury-vapour lamps).

(3) It is recommended that the above minimum clearances be maintained. Failure to maintain such clearance may risk EMI noise coupling that is not detected during testing.

(4) In cases where it is difficult to maintain these target values (e.g. for modular partition wall systems), data cables may be routed closer to power outlet supply lines provided the following conditions are met:

(a) Parallel cable guides up to 5 m in length are permissible, if a clearance of 25 mm can be ensured by using spacers or other appropriate means. If necessary, the clearance over a length of up to 150 mm may be less than 25 mm, as long as the cables do not touch.

(b) Parallel cable guides up to 9 m in length are permissible, if a clearance of 50 mm can be ensured. The clearance over a length of up to 300 mm may be less than 50 mm, as long as the cables do not touch.

(c) If several cables must be routed through a particularly cramped space, as a minimum, try to arrange the cables so that the same data cable is not routed directly beside the power cables along the entire distance.

(5) Electrical panels and data cable distribution cabinets should be situated in different rooms if possible. The spacing between the distribution cabinets and the electrical panels must never be less than 1 m.

clearances to noise emission sourcesOrdinary sources of electromagnetic fields do not normally pose a problem for screened cables. As a precautionary measure, install the cables (with the exception of fiber optic cables) as far as possible from such noise emission sources – at least 1 m away. Noise coupling can also occur if data cables are routed in the vicinity of high-frequency sources such as transmission devices (antennae, transmission lines, transmitters and other radiating devices, radar installations, some industrial equipment such as high-frequency induction heaters, high-frequency welders, insulation testers, powerful electrical motors, elevators). Clearance to building structures and equipment must conform to national and local regulations.

effect on acceptance measurements

Stray voltages can interfere with and alter field test results or sometimes make it possible to falsify field tests of data cabling systems. Ensure that these outside influences do not occur. If the test equipment warns of the presence of stray voltages, try to eliminate these voltages by switching off possible noise sources (UPS, electronic series devices, etc.).

These interference voltages will also have a noticeable negative effect on the error-free operation of the network.

Due to EMC immunity FO cables do not have to be laid in separate ducts or divided by separators.



20

cable separation and segregation The minimum requirements for separation between information technology cables and power supply cabling can be calculated according EN 50174-2: 2009 in the following way: A = SxP

A: segragation between data and power cable S: minimum separation see table 5 P: power cabling factor see table 6.

Rules for STP, UTP

Table 4 – Classification of information technology cables according EN 50174-2

Information Technology Cable

Screened Unscreened Coaxial/twinaxial

Segregationclassification

Coupling attenuation at 30 Mhz to 100 Mhz

TCL at 30 MHz to 100 MHz

Screening attenuation at 30 MHz to 100 MHz

dB Category dB Category dB

>= 80a 7, 7E >= 70 -10xlg(f) >= 85d d

>= 50b 5, 6, 6E >= 60 -10xlg(f) >= 55 c

>= 40 >= 50 -10xlg(f)c 5, 6, 6E >= 40 b

< 40 <50 -10xlg(f) < 40 a

a Cable meeting EN 50288-4-1 (EN 50173-1, Category 7) meet Segregation Classification “d”.b Cables meeting EN 50288-2-1 (EN 50173-1, Categry 5) and EN 50288-5-1 (EN 50173-1, Category 6) meeting Segregation Calssification “c”. These cables may deliver performance of Segragation Classification “d” provided that the relevant coupling attenuation requirements are also met.c Cables meeting EN 50288-3-1 (EN 50174-1, Category 5) and EN 50288-6-1 (EN 50173-1, Category 6) meet Segregaton Calassification “b”. Tehse cables may deliver performace aof Segregation Calssification “c” or “d” provided that the relevant TCL requirements are also met..d Cables meeting EN 50117-4-1 (EN 50173-1, Category BCT-C) meet Calssification “d”.Table 5 – Minimum separation S according EN 50174-2



21

Table 5 – Minimum separation S according EN 50174-2

Containment applied to information technology or power supply cabling

Segregation Classification

Seperation without electromagnetic barrier

Open metallic containment a

Perforated metallic containment b, c

Solid metallic containment d

d 10 mm 8 mm 5 mm 0 mm

c 50 mm 38 mm 25 mm 0 mm

b 100 mm 75 mm 50 mm 0 mm

a 300 mm 225 mm 150 mm 0 mm

a Screening performances (0 MHz to 100 MHz) equivalent to welded mesh steel basket of mesh size 50 mm x 100 mm (excluding ladders). This screening performances is also achieved with steel tray (trunking without cover) of less than 1.0 mm wall thickness and more than 20% equally distributed perforated area.b Screening performances (0 MHz to 100 MHz) equivalent to steel tray (trunking without cover) of 1.0 mm wall thickness and no more than 20% equally distributed perforated area. This screening performances is also achieved with screened power cables that do not meet the performances defines in note d.c The upper surface of installed cables shall be at least 10 mm below the top of the barrier.d Screening performances (0 MHz to 100 MHz) equivalent to steel conduit of 1.5 mm wall thickness. Separation specified is in addition to that provided by any divider/barrier.

Rules for STP, UTP, and unbalanced cables

Table 6 – Power cabling factor according EN 50174-2

Electrical circuit a, b, c Quantity of circuits Power cabling factorP

20 A 230V 1-phase 1 to 3 0.2

4 to 6 0.4

7 to 9 0.6

10 to 12 0.8

13 to 15 1.0

16 to 30 2

31 to 45 3

46 to 60 4

61 to 75 5

> 75 6

a 3-phase cables shall be treated as 3 off 1-phase cablesb More than 20 A shall be treated as multiples of 20 Ac Lower voltage AC or DC power supply cables shall be treated based upon their current ratings, i.e. a 100 A 50 V DC cabvles = 5 of 20 A cables (P = 0.4).



22

Rules for STP, UTP

Table 7 – Seperation requirements between metallic cabling and specific EMI sources according EN 50174-2

Sources of disturbance Minimum seperation mm

Fluorescent lamps 130 a

Neon lamps 130 a

Mercury vapour lamps 130 a

High-intensity discharge lamps 130 a

Arc welders 800 a

Frequency induction heating 1000 a

Hospital equipment b

Radio transmitter b

Television transmitter b

Radar b

a The minimum seperations may be reduced provided that appropriate cable management systems are used or product suppliers guarantees are providedb Where product suppliers guarantees do not exist, analysis shall be performed regarding possible disturbances, e.g. frequency range, harmonics, transients, bursts, transmitted power, etc.

exceptions for Office PReMiSeS ONLy

Conditional relaxation of requirement •Where the requirements of Table 6 are not relevant then no seperation is required where either: a) the information technology cabling is application(s)-specific and the application(s) support(s) a zero segregation relaxation or b) all the following conditions are met:

• the power conductors: 1) formonlysinglephasecircuits; 2) provideatotalcurrentnogreaterthan32A; 3) comprising a circuit are maintained in close proximity (e. g. within an overall sheath or twisted, taped or bundledtogether);

• theenvironmentalclassificationfortheinformationtechnologycablingcomplieswithE1ofEN50173-1;

• the information technology cables meet the requirements of Segregation Classifications “b”, “c” or “d” in accordance with Table 4.



23

12 caBLe PRePaRaTiON (STRiPPiNg TOOLS) Twisted pair cable preparation

(A) Remove the outer insulation of the installation cables up to 11 mm in diameter with the stripping tool for unshielded and shielded data cables. (B) Open the tool (1) by pulling the ring downwards with your middle finger (2) while pressing the side grips with thumb and index finger.

Rotate the tool once around the cable axis in the respective direction (A, thin cableinsulation;B,thickcableinsulation).Firmlyholdthecablewithyourother hand.

In order to remove the prepared cable from the tool, pull the ring down with your middle finger while pressing the side grips of the tool with your thumb and index finger. Pull the cable out of the tool’s opening and close it again by releasing the ring. To loosen the insulation, bend the cable downward at the point where the insulation is cut (1), then upward (2), then slide the insulation off the cable (3).

Other stripping tools may be used, depending on the cable construction and cable manufacturer. It is therefore recom-mended to first check if a suitable stripping tool is available on the market.

fO-cable preparation:

When removing the cable outer sheet or loose tube after cutting the outer sheet do not kink the cable or tube bellow the min. bending radius.

(A) (B)

Grip

Ring

(2)

(1)

(A) (B)

(1)

(2)

(3)



24

13 TeRMiNaTiON Of Rj45 MODULeS

13.1 TeRMiNaTiON Of THe cat. 5e / cat. 6 MODULeS

The following procedure for terminating Cat. 5e or Cat. 6 modules is similar for shielded/unshielded version (see instructions shielded/unshielded at www.rdm.com)

According to the types of modules, Cat. 5E & Cat. 6, different covers can be applied.

R&M recommends the 568A wiring map in combination with R&M cables to avoid unnecessary crossover of cable pairs.

13.2 TeRMiNaTiON Of THe cat. 6a MODULeS

The following procedure for terminating Cat. 6A modules is similar for the shielded/unshielded version (see instructions shielded/unshielded at www.rdm.com)

020.1312

568a 568B

021.2303 / 021.2304 / 021.2305 / 021.2363

B BA A

BBAA



25

14 POLaRiTy MaiNTeNaNce

14.1 fiBeR OPTic DUPLex cONNecTOR aSSeMBLy

Lc Duplex

Note: Shading and A/B markings are for information only

Sc Duplex

Note: Shading and A/B markings are for information only

Optical fiber patch cord

– 44 – 11801 Amend. 2/FDIS ISO/IEC(E)

Polarity is defined at the TO for optical fibre positions A and B. To extend this polarity

throughout the cabling system, it is important that the same orientation, colour coding,

marking, and optical fibre configuration be applied consistently. Once the system is installed

and correct polarity is verified, the correct polarity of transmit and receive optical fibres within

the optical fibre cabling system will be maintained.

10.3.5.2 Connectivity options at the TO

Replace, in ISO/IEC 11801:2002, the entire text and Figure 16 by the following:

Where there is no installed base of optical fibre cabling, the LC connectivity is specified at the

TO and should provide a means to identify the polarity by any combination of latching, keying,

or labelling. See an example in Figure 20.

Where premises have an installed base of SC-D connectivity, additional TO connections may

be made using SC-D connectivity provided their keys are oriented as in Figure 16.

NOTE�Shading and A/B markings are for information only.

Figure 20 – Duplex-able LC connectivity configuration with an example of polarity identification

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 25 N 1730: 2009-11-26

11801 Amend. 2/FDIS ISO/IEC(E) – 45 –

NOTE Shading and A/B markings are for information only.

Figure 16 – Duplex SC connectivity configuration

10.3.5.4 Other duplex connectors

Replace, in ISO/IEC 11801:2002, the two existing paragraphs by the following:

Alternative connector designs shall employ similar labelling and identification schemes to the

duplex LC and SC. Position A and B on alternative duplex connector designs shall be in the

same position as in Figure 16. For alternative connector designs utilising latches, the latch

defines the positioning in the same manner as the key and keyways.

10.3.5.5 Cord termination configuration

Replace, in ISO/IEC 11801:2002, the existing Figure 17, by the following:

Figure 17 – Optical fibre cord

11 Screening practices

Add, in ISO/IEC 11801:2002, the following NOTE below the title of Clause 11 title:

NOTE When ISO/IEC 14763-2 is published the content of Clause 11 will be obsolete, and superseded by the

content included in ISO/IEC 14763-2.

A

B A

B

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 25 N 1730: 2009-11-26

11801 Amend. 2/FDIS ISO/IEC(E) – 45 –

NOTE Shading and A/B markings are for information only.

Figure 16 – Duplex SC connectivity configuration

10.3.5.4 Other duplex connectors

Replace, in ISO/IEC 11801:2002, the two existing paragraphs by the following:

Alternative connector designs shall employ similar labelling and identification schemes to the

duplex LC and SC. Position A and B on alternative duplex connector designs shall be in the

same position as in Figure 16. For alternative connector designs utilising latches, the latch

defines the positioning in the same manner as the key and keyways.

10.3.5.5 Cord termination configuration

Replace, in ISO/IEC 11801:2002, the existing Figure 17, by the following:

Figure 17 – Optical fibre cord

11 Screening practices

Add, in ISO/IEC 11801:2002, the following NOTE below the title of Clause 11 title:

NOTE When ISO/IEC 14763-2 is published the content of Clause 11 will be obsolete, and superseded by the

content included in ISO/IEC 14763-2.

A

B A

B

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 25 N 1730: 2009-11-26



26

14.2 aRRay cONNecTiNg HaRDWaRe

Method a for duplex cabling

attention: Type A uses different patch cords for each end.

Method a for parallel signals (40/100gbe)

attention: Type A uses different patch cords for each end.

A to B Patch Cord (Type B)

Key up connection to transceiver

Key up to Key up Verbindung

Position 12

Position 1

Type A Kabel Female

Position 12

Position 1

Key up to Key up mated connection

A

B A

B

A

B A

B

A to A Patch Cord


R&M SM MPO/MTP Fan Out

R&M SM MPO/MTP Fan Out

Position 1 A

Position 12

Position 1 A

Position 12

Type A Adapter (Key up to Key down)

Type A Adapter


A


Position 1

Position 12

Type A Kabel male

Position 12

Position 1


A

Type A Patchkabel

Type B Patchkabel female

Position 12

Position 1

Position 12

Position 1

Position 1

Position 12

Position 12

Position 1

Type A Kabel female




27

Method R for duplex cabling

At both ends the same patch cords are used.

Method R for parallels signals (40/100gbe)

At both ends the same patch cords are used.

B

A to B Patch Cord (Type B)

Position 1



B Position 12 Position 1

Position 12

Type B Kabel Male

Position 1

Position 12 Position 1

Position 12


A

B A

B

A

B A

B

A to B Patch Cord


Type B Adapter (Key up to Key up)

Type B Adapter

New R&M MPO/MTP Fan Out

New R&M MPO/MTP Fan Out


B

Type B Adapter (Key up to Key up)

Position 1

Position 12

Type B Kabel Male

Position 1

Position 12


B

Type B Patchkabel Female

Type B Patchkabel Female

Type B Adapter

Position 1

Position 12

Position 1

Position 12

Position 1

Position 12

Position 1

Position 12



28

fiber Optic cable termination: Field termination:

Refer to instruction manual

Fiber adapters and connectors should be protected from dust and other contaminants. It is also recommended to clean fiber end faces prior to connection.

Breakout cable:

Mechanical splice:

Fusionsspice:

Marking and colour coding of fiber adapters and connectors

Correct coding, for example by colour of connectors and adapters, is important. It ensures that mating of different fibers does not occur. For duplex links use additional keying devices to ensure the right polarity.

To distinguish between single-mode and multimode adapters and connectors use only the following colours:.

Multimode 50um and 62,5um Beige or Black

Single-mode PC Blue

Single-mode APC Green

Optical fiber connection hardware

cLeaN first, then connect

aTTeNTiONThe performance and reliability of an optical fiber system depends strongly on the cleanness of the connection components. Small impurities like dirt, dust, etc. can possibly destroy a Fiberoptic Connector. Therefore the following procedure is strongly recommended: Visual inspection of the surface (with microscope). Clean the surface following the instruction of the manufacturer. After cleaning inspect again the surface, if clean than make the connection.

The following cleaning materials must be used:

• Linst-freetissues • Linst-freepipes • Isopropylalcohol • Dryfilm

clean surface = pass dust particles = fail finger print = fail



29

15 caBLe MaNageMeNT

There are different possibilities for leading installation cables from their cable entry to the distributor cabinet to the connection modules. It needs to be made certain that the cables are sufficiently tension-relieved and run in a loop, allowing the swivelling elements to be swung open from the front and taken out easily (cable reserves are used for maintenance or a later upgrade from Cat. 5e to Cat. 6).

incorrect: incorrect: cable management witout cable management with too much cable reserves (no cable slack) cable reserve (cable slack)

010.3544 010.3545

010.3547010.3546

correct: good cable management, providing sufficient cable reserves



30

16 LaBeLS aND aDMiNiSTRaTiON

The labelling of components and telecom spaces are mandatory requirement of all the cabling standards.

While all cabling standards require identification, labelling and recording of all cabling elements in a database, it is TIA/EIA 606-A that stipulates precise rules on this topic. In ISO/IEC 14763-1 and EN 50174-1 installers are given freedom in how to implement identification, labels and database.

All R&Mfreenet components are designed and supplied with everything the innstaller requires to implement the standards. However, if an installer wants to adopt a different method for some reason, R&M can accept that too, provided the following three conditions are fulfilled:

1) All cabling elements are identified and recorded in the installation database.

2) All cabling elements are labelled in accordance with one of the recognized cabling standards.

3) A cabling system database is set up including all components and their connections.

17 PaTcH caBLeSPatch cables are increasingly important key factors in reaching the target channel performance. That is why R&M recommends using only patch cables of the highest quality. Patch cables should be replaced after 1000 matings. Smaller radius then 4 diameter are not allowed, kinks and torsion can reduce the performance. Applying of tensile force is not allowed.



31

18 NOTeS RegaRDiNg fieLD TeSTS

Measurements using test devices When a «pass» is a «pass» and when a «fail» is a «fail»?

Introduction: When testing cabling installations in the field, questions always arise regarding test equipment readings and analysis of the measurements. The customer, usually the installer, naturally wants to see only «pass», and an asterisk or Warning is viewed with suspicion. What exactly are the facts?

Standards: Standards EN 50173 und ISO/IEC 11801 contain only the values to be expected for the cabling. The «how to test» aspect is not covered, or is covered only in a rudimentary fashion. Standard IEC 61935-1 is used for this purpose: «Generic cabling systems specification for the testing of balanced communication cabling in accordance with ISO/IEC 11801». This standard describes the precision of the test equipment and the reporting of the data, among other items.

Anytestequipmenthasacertainprecision;i.e.thedisplayedmeasurementisincorrectby+/-acertainamount.Thisis shown in the following diagram:

The test result of a parameter shall be marked with an asterisk (*) when the result is closer to the test limit than the measurement accuracy (see figure)..

An overall pass or fail condition shall be determined b the results of the required individual tests. Any FAIL or FAIL* shall result in an overall FAIL. unless specified otherwise in a quality assurance agreement, in order to achieve an overall pass condition, all individual results shall be PASS or PASS*.

*fail» or faiL is a overall faiL

*Pass» or PaSS is a overall PaSS

*Fail Region

Limits according toISO 11801

*Pass Region

Accuracy of thetest equipment

Fail Region

Pass Region



32

19 aPPROveD ceRTificaTiON TeST eQUiPMeNT fOR cLaSS D/e/ea

Categories and classes

ISO/IEC 11801/EN50173 TIA-568-C Transmission frequency

Class EA Cat. 6A 1-500 MHz

Class E Cat. 6 1-250 MHz

Class D Cat. 5e 1-100 MHz

Class C Cat. 3 1-20 MHz

Note: Class EA and Cat. 6A do not specify the same performance

The listed test equipment is approved for executing certification measurements and producing an original measure-ment file, which is needed to apply for a warranty. The test equipments are used for Pass or Fail observations:

Fluke DTX Series LanTEK Series

class D class e class ea *

Fluke DSP 4000 Series Fluke DSP 4000 Series Fluke DTX 1800

Fluke DTX Series Fluke DTX Series LanTEK II

Fluke Omni II Fluke Omni II

Wire Scope 350 Wire Scope 350

LanTEK I und II LanTEK I und II

Wavetek LT 8600 Wavetek LT 8600

*This is the status at time of release of the document. The current valid status of the list can be found in “Appnedix 1 to the warranty program” chapter 4.1.

Test equipment must be calibrated in accordance with manufacturer specifications (typically once per year).

Note: Reference test equipment must be used for the warranty claim procedure, see „Appendix 1 to the warranty program“ chapter 4.2.



33

20 TeST eQUiPMeNT SeTTiNgS – aPPROPRiaTe TeST aDaPTeR fOR cLaSS D/e/ea

Fluke DTX Series: Permanent Link: in principle, any one of the following three standards may be selected to test according installation:

Permanent Link D/cat. 5e class e/ea /cat. 6 ISO 11801 Permanent Link Class D ISO 11801 PL Class E TIA Cat. 5e Permanent Link EN 50173 PL Class E EN 50173 Permanent Link Class D ISO 11801 PL 2 Class EA ISO 11801 PL 3 Class EA EN 50173 PL 2 Class EA EN 50173 PL 3 Class EA TIA Cat. 6 Permanent Link TIA Cat. 6A Permanent Link

channel:class D/cat. 5e class e/ea /cat. 6ISO 11801 Channel Class D ISO 11801 Channel Class E TIA Cat. 5e Channel EN 50173 Channel Class E EN 50173 Channel Class D ISO 11801 Channel Class EA EN 50173 Channel Class EA TIA Cat. 6 Channel

10 gBase-T: 10 GBase-T Channel Class E 55-100[m] 10 GBase-T Channel Class E 0-55[m]* * 10 GBase-T for existing Class E cabling up to 55 [m], no indication of PSANEXT conformity.

fiber Measurement Settings: ISO 11801 Fiber optic channel (OF-100/OF-300/OF-500/OF-2000)For MM 50/125um and 62,5/125umISO 11801 Fiber optic channel (OF-100/OF-300/OF-500/OF-2000)For SM 9/125um

iSO/iec 14763-3: Generic fiber is not permitted



34

21 TeSTiNg caBLiNg WiTH a cONSOLiDaTiON POiNTFor a CP configuration the cabling is often installed in two steps - 1: patch panel to CP, 2: CP to workplace outlet. These two installation steps may well be carried out by two different installers.

It is therefore suggested that for a CP installation, the permanently installed cable between the patch panel and the CP be separately tested.

A special aspect of this test is that the attenuation limit must be reduced in accordance with the installed length (IL = IL 90 x L/90).

The transmission link with integrated CP link is then tested as the second step. The permanent link position must be selected on the test equipment for both tests.

channel/Permanent Link

.

Beginning of channel

channel

Permanent Link

(Cross-connect)End of channel

c1 c2 (PP) cP TO

Beginning of permanent link

cP TOc2 (PP)

OK End of permanent link

Consolidation point is permitted

The adapter cable is not included in the measurement



35

22 TeST LiNK DeScRiPTiON The warranty program provides for the following two test set-ups for copper cabling.

Channel & Permanent Link

channel/Permanent Link

In rare cases it is possible for failures to occur during a permanent link test, even when all components themselves conform to the standard. These cases can be caused by field test equipment measuring inaccuracies during perma-nent link tests due to inadequate calibration of the test leads, or due to an unpredictable signal reflection as a result of resonant frequency which is a direct consequence of cable/cord lengths combination. If warnings or failures occur during the permanent link test set-up, we recommend to follow the standards recommended procedure of testing in channel configuration.

In order to achieve more accurate return loss measurements, it is very important to calibrate the permanent link adapter using the «DSP-PCAL». The

ribbon cable is thereby removed from the test by the calibration process. Note that this procedure must be repeated at least every half year.

WaRNiNg: Test result accuracy also depends on tester cords’ quality and wear. We recommend following the ca-bling standard advice to periodically verify tester result consistency. To do so, just create on your premises a PL to be used as a golden sample that cannot be moved or altered. Measure it with a calibrated tester and record the test results for future comparison which should be made frequently and especially any time you may suspect inconsistencies with the testing results.

Beginning of channel

channel

Permanent Link

(Cross-connect)End of channel

c1 c2 (PP) cP TO

Beginning of permanent link

cP TOc2 (PP)

OK End of permanent link

Consolidation point is permitted

The adapter cable is not included in the measurement

090.2511



36

23 LeNgTH ReSTRicTiONS fOR fixeD BaLaNceD caBLiNg LiNKS

Length calculations for various generic cabling systems

The following table can be used to calculate the maximum length for fixed cable installations. The length of cable calculated by the planner or installer for fixed cable installations must not be exceeded under any circumstances, even for possible expansions. Note that if any maintenance work is required, different lengths of patch cables or connection cables must not be used, otherwise an error-free operation of the previously calculated transmission links cannot be guaranteed.

When an optional consolidation point or a cross-connect panel or both are present, the following different cabling models must be differentiated.

Minimum and maximum lengthSegment Minimum

mMaximum

m

FD-CP 15 85

CP-TO 5 -

FD-TO (no CP) 15 90

Work area cord a 2 5

Patch cord 2 -

Equipment cord b 2 5

All cords b - 10

a If there is no CP, the minimum lenght of the work area cord is 1 mb If there is no cross-connect, the minimum lenght of the equipment cord is 1 m

Office cabling horizontal link length equationsModel Figure Implementation Equation

Class D Channelusing Cat. 5e components

Class E/EA Channelusing Cat. 6 components

Class F/FA Channelusing Cat. 7 components

Interconnect – TO A H = 109 – F X H = 107 – 3a - F X H = 107 – 2a - F X

Cross-Connect – TO B H = 107 – F X H = 106 – 3a - F X H = 106 – 3a - F X

Interconnect – CP-TO C H = 107 – F X – C Y H = 106 – 3a - F X – C Y H = 106 – 3a - F X – C Y

Cross-Connect – CP-TO D H = 105 – F X – C Y H = 105 – 3a - F X – C Y H = 105 – 3a - F X – C Y

(See following pages for diagrams)



37

Data center cabling zone distribution channel length equationsModel Figure Implementation Equation

Class D Channel Class EA Channel Class F/FA Channel

Interconnect – EO E None Z = 104a – F x X Z = 105a – F x X

Cross-Connect – EO F None Z = 103a – F x X Z = 103a – F x X

Interconnect – LDP-EO G None Z = 103a – F x X – L x Y Z = 103a – F x X – L x Y

Cross-Connect – LDP-EO H None Z = 104a – F x X – L x Y Z = 104a – F x X – L x Y


Main distribution channel length equationsModel Figure Implementation Equation

Class D Channel Class EA Channel Class F/FA Channel

Interconnect – Interconnect I None M = 104a – F x X M = 105a – F x X

Interconnect – Cross-Connect I None M = 103a – F x X M = 103a – F x X

Cross-Connect – Cross-Connect I None M = 102a – F x X M = 102a – F x X


C = length of the CP cable (CP = consolidation point) (m)

F = combined length for the patch/connection cables, equipment/workplace side (m)

H = maximum length for the fixed horizontal cabling (m)

L = length of the LDP cable (m)

X = the cable attenuation factor between stranded cable (UTP = 1.5 and STP = 1.5) and solid-conductor cable (installation cables)

Y = the cable attenuation factor between stranded cable (CP – cable UTP = 1.5 and STP = 1.5) and solid-conductor cable (installation cables)

Z = maximum lenth of the fixed zone distribution cable (m)

Notes: When ambient temperature during operation is above 20°C, H must be reduced by 0.2% per °C for screened installations;forunscreenedinstallationsthevalueis0.4%forabove20°C–40°Cand0.6%for>40°C–60°C a;thislengthreductionistobeusedtoprovideamarginforattenuationdifferencesathighfrequencies.

Remark:• Flexiblecableshaveahigherattenuation(UTP=multiplicationfactor1.5andSTP=multiplicationfactor1.5)than

installation cables.



38

figure a: Interconnect – TO model

FO

EQP

Channel = max. 100 m

c c c c TETO

Equipment cord Work area cord

figure B: Cross-connect – TO model

FO

EQP


c c c c TETO

Equipment cord Patch cord Work area cord

c

Office cabling horizontal link length equations

Fixed zone horizontal

cable


cable



39

figure c: Interconnect – CP-TO model

FO

EQP


c c c c TETO

Work area cord

c

c

cCP cableEquipment cord

CP


cable

figure D: Cross-connect – CP-TO model

FO

EQP


c c c c TETO

Work area cord

c

c

cCP cableEquipment cord

CP

Patch cord/ Jumper cable

Restrictions:

• Thephysicallengthofthepermanentlyinstalled(ifnoCPcableispresent)installationcable,permanentlink,maynot exceed the maximum length of 90 m.

• Thephysicallengthofthechannelmaynotexceedthemaximumlengthof100 m.

• Theconsolidationpoint(CP)mustbeatleast15mawayfromthefloordistributor.

• TheCPcableconnectedtotheTOmustbeatleast5mlong.

• IfaMUTO(multi-userterminaloutlet)isused,theworkplaceconnectioncablesmustnotbelongerthan20m.

• Patchandconnectioncablesmaynotbelongerthan5m.


cable



40

figure f: Cross-connect – EO model

ZD

EQP


c c c c EQPEO


cable

Equipment cord

Patch cord/ Jumper

Equipment cord

c

figure e: Interconnect – EO model

ZD

EQP


c c c c EQPEO


cable

Equipment cord

Data center cabling zone distribution channel length equations

Equipment cord



41

figure g: Interconnect – LDP-EO model

ZD

EQP


c c c c EQPEO


cable

Equipment cord

c

Equipment cord

LDP cableLDP

figure H: Cross-connect – LDP-EO model

ZD

EQP


c c c c EQPEO


cable

Equipment cord

Patch cord/ Jumper

Equipment cord

c cLDP

LDP cable

Restrictions:

• Thephysicallengthofthechannelshallnotexceed100m.

• Thephysicallengthofthefixedzonedistributioncableshallnotexceed90mandmaybelessdependingonthelength of LDP cables and cords used and the number of connections.



42

Sample calculations for a permanently installed cabling link:

– screened Cat. 5e installation (STP) at normal temperature

figure a H = 109 - FX -> 109 m – ( 5 m + 5 m ) x 1.5 = 94 m

The maximum allowed fixed cable link would theoretically be 94 m, but must be reduced to 90 m to comply with the standards.

– unscreened Cat. 6 installation (UTP) at 35°C ambient temperature

figure c H = 106 – 3 a –FX – CY -> 106 m – 3 m- (5 m+ 5 m) x 1.2) – (15 m x 1.2) = 73 m

35°C – 20°C = 15°C

15 x 0.4% = 6%

73 m x (1- 0.06) = 69 (68.7 m)

For this project a maximum length of 69 m of fixed cabling is permitted, with a maximum 15 m CP cable and a connection cable length of maximum 5 m.

figure i:

ZD

EQP


c c c c EQP


cable

Equipment cord

Patch cord/ Jumper

c cLDP

Restrictions:

• Thephysicallengthofthechannelshallnotexceed100m.

• Thephysicallengthofthefixedmaindistributioncableshallnotexceed90mandmaybelessdependingonthelength of cords used and the number of connections.

Data center cabling main distribution channel length equations

MD

Equipment cord

Patch cord/ Jumper



43

23.1 LeNgTH ReSTRicTiONS WiTH aWg 26 iNSTaLLaTiON caBLe

The use of AWG 26 installation cable is possible for all structured cablings.

Today it is mainly installed in data centers.

aWg 26 – maximum length

R&M System cat. 6 cat. 6 Real10 cat. 6a

Topolgy PL Ch PL Ch PL Ch

AWG

Class E 26 55m 65m 55m 65m 55m 65m

Class EA 26 65m 55m 65m

PL: Permanent Link ch: Channel aWg: American Wire Gauge – Code for wire diameter either for solid or flex wire.

The AWG 26 installation cable saves 25% - 30% of space and weight compared to AWG 23 installation cable. These savings must be bought with length restriction for permanent link and channel of 55 m respectively 65 m.



44

24 SHORT LeNgTH SUPPORTeD By caT. 6a SySTeM

When creating the new edition of ISO/IEC 11801, the group of experts used some minimum and maximum lengths to calculate the minimum components performance. The R&Mfreenet System supports shorter links and channels.

cat 6a System

Configuration 2 connectorPL 2m

3 connector PL 4m

3 connector channel short

4 connector channel short

U-FTP ok ok ok ok

F-FTP ok ok ok ok

S-FTP ok ok ok ok

U-UTP ok ok ok ok

cat 6a System channel and PL configuration

Configuration Fixed cabling CP cord cross connect patch cord

2 connector PL 2m 2m n/a n/a n/a

3 connector PL 4m 2m 2m n/a n/a

3 connector channel short 2m 2m n/a 2m

4 connector channel short 2m 2m 1m 2m

n/a: not applicable

instructions for measurement: 1) Channel must be measured with two R&M patch cords, each 2m long.2) Test device settings: Channel: ISO Class EA Channel Low IL 2 Connector PL: ISO Class EA PL2 Low IL 3 Connector PL: ISO Class EA PL 3



45

25 fiBeR OPTic cHaNNeL aTTeNUTiON

general requirements

• ClassOf-100 Channel supports a defined application over a min. length of 100 m




Channel Attenuation (dB)

Channel Multimode Singlemode

850 nm 1300 nm 1310 nm 1550 nm

OF 100 1,85 1,65 – –

OF 300 2,55 1,95 1,80 1,80

OF 500 3,25 2,25 2,00 2,00

OF 2000 8,50 4,50 3,50 3,50

fO channel 1“Direct“ combined channel add test interface points

fO channel 2“Direct“ combined channel add test interface points

C CC C C C C CEQPcord

Patchcord

Backbone/horizontal cable

Channel

Link

BD BD TO

EQP

TE

C CC C C CCCEQPcord

Patchcord Backbone

Channel

Link

BD BD TO

EQP

TEhorizontal cableSplFD



46

fO channel 3“Patched” combined channel

fiber Optic Power Loss BudgetHow do I calculate the power loss budget for my fiber channel?

Solution:

The link attenuation (Optical Power Loss) must be calculated for each fiber cabling run. Copper testing is much easier as the limit line is the same regardless of length.

allowable loss:

• Connector:0.75dB

• Splice:0.3dB

• Cable@850nm:3.5dB/km

• Cable@1300nm:1.0dB/km

Assuming a 50 meter link had two connectors and a splice and we decide to measure at 850nm, the affordable power loss budget would be calculated in the following way.

Connector 0.75 dB

Cable @ 850nm 0.175 dB (3.5dB/km)

Splice 0.3 dB

Connector 0.75 dB

Power Loss Budget 1.975 dB

Gigabit Ethernet, which has a loss requirement of 3.25 dB, assumes that the connector loss is less than 0.75 dB, and hence the standard reflects typical losses of 0.5 dB for the connector.

Summary:

Do not accept a Power Loss Reading without a calculated Power Loss Budget. For certification to ANSI/TIA/EIA 568- C, ISO/IEC 11801 and EN50173, you must test at both wavelengths in bi-directional and record the allowable loss budget.

C CC C C CCCEQPcord

Patchcord Backbone

Channel

Link

BD BD TO

C C CCEQP

TEhorizontal cablePatchcord

FD

EQPcord



47

channel testing with a power meterTo get your system warranted from R&M you have to measure your optical system according to the following instruction.

Direction of measurementsIn order to comply with the requirements of ISO 11801 and equivalent standards, the measurements of transmission performance shall be undertaken as follows:

For compliance testing of a channel or link of known or unknown components the bi-directional testing must be conducted. Specially if it’s including splices.

Patch cordsThe patch cords must contain the same characteristics (core/cladding diameters, backscattering coefficient) as the fiber under test.

The launch cord and the tail cord shall be between: 1-5m long The connectors shall be a reference connector

The field calibration cord must be not longer than 2m The field calibration cord has to be terminated at both ends with reference connectors

Mandrel WrapsMandrel wraps are recommended for multimode optical fiber measurements. You will eliminate the high order modes coming from the LED light source and thus measure only the low order modes which run in the centre of the fiber.

This measurement will be repeatable. Find below the correct mandrel wrap to choose for the various multimode fibers.

Fiber core size Mandrel diameter for buffered fiber (mm)

Mandrel diameter for 3 mmjacked fiber (mm)

50/125um 25 22

62.5/125um 20 17



48

26 fiBeR OPTic caLiBRaTiON

One test cord reference measurement

Three test cord reference measurementSimplex calibration details (with mandrel wrap and splices).

mandrel wrap

calibration cord

LS

LS A C B

P2

P2

PM

PMcabling

under test

length

calib

rati

on

mea

sure

men

tca

libra

tio

nm

easu

rem

ent

mandrel wrap

calibration cord

LS

LS

cablingunder test

length

P2

P2

PM

PMA BC

splicestail cordlaunch cord



49

calibration cord

LS P2 PM

launch cord tail cord

A B

calibration cord

LS P2 PM


A B

cable under test

LS P2 PM


A B

C

Step 3. Connect the cable under test

Step 2. Disconnect the calibration cord

Step 1. Reference the power meter



50

Duplex calibration details (with mandrel wrap and splices)

mandrel wrap

calibration cord

LS

A B

P2

P2

PM

PM

calib

rati

on

mea

sure

men

t

A B

tail cord launch cord


mandrel wrap

tail cordlaunch cord

A B

A B

C

C

splices

cablingunder test

length

tail cord

launch cord

LS



51

Step 1. Reference the power meter

Step 2. Disconnect the calibration cord

Step 3. Connect the cable under test

The One jumper method for channel measurements is allowed only if it’s the same connector type such as the cabling under test and the connector in the power meter.


A B


calibration cord

A B P2 PMLS


A B

launch cord tail cordcalibration cord

A B P2 PMLS

C

C


A B

launch cord tail cordcalibration cord

A B P2 PMLS



52

27 MeaSUReMeNT WiTH THe OTDR certification measurement with the OTDR (according iSO/iec 14763-3)

Preparation

• launchfiber(launch-andtailcordwiththesamecharacteristicasthefiberundertest) • longerthantheattenuation-anddynamicdeadzoneoftheOTDR(opticaltimedomainreflectometers) • Connectorsandadaptersarecleaned • Cleaningmaterial(cleaningkitFO) • Visualcheckoftheconnectorsurfacewiththemicroscope(min.200xmagnification) • Calibratedmeasurementequipment

Documentation

• Cableroutingdraw • Fiberlenghtofeachfiber • Pulswidth • IORFaktor • Averagingtime • Fiberdetails(OM1,OM2,OM3,OS1,OS2andthecoresize) • NominalWavelenghts(formmf850nmand1300nmforsmf1310nmand1550nm) • OpticalreturnlossdB • AttenuationdB • Eventlist • DetailsoftheFOconnector(PCorAPC) • Directionoftest • Nameofthetestoperator

Direction of measurements

In order to comply with the requirements of ISO 11801 and equivalent standards, the measurements of transmission performance shall be undertaken as follows:

For compliance testing of a channel or link of known or unknown components the bi-directional testing must be conducted. Especially it has to be measured if it’s including the splices.



53

channel testing with a OTDR

Power measuring with OTDR

FO system under test

1) launching fiber 2) launching fiber 200 m – 500 m for MM 200 m – 500 m for MM

500 m – 1‘000 m for SM 500 m – 1‘000 m for SM

1) 2)

an example of an OTDR trace

OTDR

Connectorpair

Fusionpair

Connectorpair

Fiberbend

Mechanicalsplice

Fiberend

Typical OTDR trace Distance (km)



54

28 cHaRacTeRiSTic PROBLeMS iN geNeRic caBLiNg SySTeMS cat. 5e / cat. 6 Module

A major problem source is the incorrect termination of R&M connection modules. Please follow the enclosed installa-tion instructions to correctly wire the connection module.

Correct wiring Incorrect wiring

The conductor pairs should be led directly into the module from the cable jacket, without crossing over another pair. Faultless measuring for the acceptance test can only be ensured through correct wiring. The cable jacket should be fixed on the module as showed in the picture ‘correct wiring’. The cable tie should not exert any pressure, which causes deformation of the cable jacket.

installation• Layinstallationcablescarefullyfollowinginstructionsfromtheinstallerorplanner

• Laythecables,don’tpullthemin(max.tensileforceacc.tocablesupplier)

• Useverylittletensionorpressurewiththecabletie

• Observebendingradii

• Avoidkinkingorpinching

Test equipment• Yearlycalibration

• Dailycalibration

• Adaptercablesacc.tomanufacturerandstandardsneedavoidpossiblemeasurementdeterioration

• AlwayshandletheCat.6A test adapter patch cables with care.

• Frequentlyinspectandcomparetestresultconsistency



55

29 cHecKLiST fOR MeaSURiNg PROBLeMS:

Nr. Were the following points followed according to R&M guidelines? yes No

1. Were the right components used?

2. Cable storage?

3. Laying of cable?

4. Has the cable been damaged by third parties?

5. Clearances between data and power cables?

6. Cable preparation (stripping tools)?

7. Conductor pair wiring to the module?

8. Cable management?

9. Yearly calibration?

10. Daily calibration?

11. Use of latest software in cable tester?

12. Correct cable tester settings?

13. Is the NVP set correctly for the cable under test?

14. Has the test adapter been calibrated?

15. Were the test adapters specified by the test equipment manufacturers used?

16. External interference (UPS, fluorescent lamps, power cables)?

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.



56

30 gLOSSaRy

abbreviationsBEF Building entrance facility ENI External network interface EO Equipment outlet LDP Local distribution point MD Main distributor OE EQP Opto-electronic equipment ZD Zone distributor

acR (attenuation to crosstalk Ratio) The difference between NEXT and attenuation, measured in dB. A high ACR value indicates that the received signalsare much stronger than crosstalk, corresponding to a high NEXT value and low attenuation.

american National Standards institute (aNSi)National standardisation body of the U.S. ANSI develops and publishes standards, and is the American representative on and voting member of the ISO.

american Wire gauge (aWg)The U.S. American standard gauge to specify the diameters of conductors made of copper, aluminium and other materials.

attenuationThe decrease in magnitude of a signal as it travels through a transmission medium.

BandwidthThe range of frequency available for the transmission of information over a channel. The value indicates the transmission capacity of a channel. The higher the bandwidth, the more information can be carried. It is expressed in Hertz (Hz) or Bit/s or MHz.km (with optical fibers).

Bending RadiusThe radius of curvature that a fiber-optic or copper cable can bend before the risk of breakage or increased attenuation occurs.

Bit error Rate (BeR)Measure to indicate the quality of a digital transmission link. The value is expressed as a percentage or ratio of received bits that are in error, typically 1 error in 108 or 109 transmitted bits. The less bit errors occur, the better the quality of the connection.

cable RouteDetermined cable route and/or attachment in false floors and ceilings.

cabling SystemA system of telecommunications cables, conduits and connecting hardware, interconnected via IT equipment.



57

capacitanceThe ability and dielectric behaviour of conductors to store electric charge between two conductors separated by a dielectric material in case of potential difference. Capacitance is not welcome in copper cables because it interferes with the transmitted signals by impeding the intended current flow.category 3Industry standard for cables and connecting hardware with transmission parameters specified up to 16 MHz, mainly for data rates of up to 10 Mbit/s.

category 5, 5eAn enhanced version of Category 5, since 1999, specifying additional parameters to allow full-duplex transmission over 4 conductor pairs. Enhanced Category 5 for cables and connecting hardware with transmission parameters specified up to 100 MHz, to support data rates of up to 1000 Mbit/s.

category 6Industry standard for cables and connecting hardware with transmission parameters specified up to 250 MHz, for data rates of up to 1 Gbit/s and above.

category 6aIndustry standard for cables and connecting hardware with transmission parameters specified up to 500 MHz, for data rates of up to 10 Gbit/s and above.

category 7For cables and connecting hardware with transmission parameters specified up to 600 MHz. Category 7 specifies only cables and requires new plugs to allow unimpeded transmission at the above mentioned frequencies.

category 7aFor cables and connecting hardware with transmission parameters specified up to 1000 MHz. Category 7A specifies only cables and requires new plugs to allow unimpeded transmission at the above mentioned frequencies.

ceNeLecThe European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation.

ceNeLec eN 50173European standard, developed by CENELEC, for the planning and installation of information technology cabling systems.

channelThe end-to-end transmission path between two points at which application specific equipment is connected. The connection cables of the technical equipment and the workplace are also part of the channel.

connection cableA patch cable connecting terminal equipment and the workplace outlet. Application Independent Cabling A structured telecommunications cabling system supporting many different applications. It is not necessary to know the applications when installing application independent cabling. It does not include application-specific hardware.

consolidation PointA point of interconnection between horizontal cables, mainly for convenience reasons, when furniture is rearranged.



58

cross-connectA cable cross-connect facility within a structured cabling system, where the communication connections are administered (i.e. where the adding and reconfiguring of connections by means of patch cables is carried out). The cross-connect is located in an operating room or service room.

crosstalkMutual electromagnetic influencing of two physically separated current circuits of a system, when a signal in one circuit creates a noise voltage in the adjacent circuit disturbing the transmitted signals there.

Decibel (dB)The unit for measuring the relative increase/decrease of a signal, voltage or current, expressed as a logarithmic ratio.

Delay SkewThe difference in propagation delay between two pairs of the same cable.

Tia/eiaNorth American standardisation organisation.

Tia/eia 568xThe North American standard for telecommunications cabling in office buildings.

electromagnetic compatibility (eMc)EMC, electromagnetic compatibility, denotes the capability of electronic equipment, an installation or a system, to function satisfactorily in an electromagnetic environment. In addition, this equipment (installation, system) should not cause any electromagnetic interference that would be intolerable for any devices, systems and installations in this environment.

equal Level far end crosstalk (eLfexT)Identical to FEXT with the exception that the coupled signal at the far end is related to the attenuated signal at the far end of the conductor pair, into whose near end the signal was fed.

equipment OutletFixed connecting device for terminating the zone distribution cabling and providing the interface to the equipment cabling

far end crosstalk (fexT)Describes the unwanted coupling of signals from the transmitting conductor pair to the receiving conductor pair at the far end of the line. FEXT is also expressed in dB. Its value is only important for selected applications. In general, near end crosstalk, NEXT, is more important.

fixed zone distribution cableCable connecting the zone distributor to either the equipment outlet or, if present, the local distribution point

frequencyThe number of times a periodic action occurs within a certain time. Expressed in hertz (Hz).

Hertz (Hz)The standard unit of frequency, one cycle per second.



59

Horizontal cableThe cable connecting the floor distributor to the telecommunications outlets.

impedanceA frequency-dependent resistance (characteristic impedance) in a transmission link indicating the total opposition offered to the flow of current.

interferenceAny signal distortion caused by an extraneous, undesired signal.

iSO/iec 11801The international standard for application independent cabling systems.

jacketThe flexible, outer covering of a cable, protecting the colour-coded conductors inside.

Lay LengthThe lay length measures the twisting of twisted pair cables. Two individual conductors are twisted into a pair. A change in the lay length can improve the NEXT values.

Local area Network (LaN)A data communications system consisting of host computers and other computers interconnected with terminal equipment (e.g. PCs). Frequently cabled with twisted-pair or coaxial cables. A LAN allows several users shared access to data and resources. A LAN is usually restricted to one building.

Local distribution point Connection point in the zone distribution cabling subsystem between a zone distributor and an equipment outlet

Local distribution point linkTransmission path between a local distribution point and the interface at the other end of the fixed zone distribution cable including the connecting hardware at each end

Main distribution cableCable connecting the main distributor to the zone distributor

Main distributorDistributor used to make connections between the main distribution cabling subsystem, network access cabling subsystem and cabling subsystems specified in ISO/IEC 11801 and active equipment

Near end crosstalk (NexT)The disturbing signal coupling from the transmitting pair to the receiving pair, at the same end (= near end) of the link. NEXT is expressed in dB. It is an indication of how well the pairs are decoupled from each other.

NetworkThe local and long-distance telecommunications capability provided by common carriers for switch and private line telecommunications services. A system of software and hardware connected in a manner to support data transmission.



60

Network access cable Cable connecting the external network interface to the main distributor or zone distributor

Network architectureTopology and structure of a network.

NoiseReferring to any extraneous signal, which interferes with the desired signal from a different source than the connected transmitter. Noise interference can degrade a signal as badly as making it unrecognisable for the receiver. The higher the data rate, the stronger the interference’s effect.

Nominal velocity of Propagation (NvP)When signals travel down a physical medium their speed is below the speed of light and dependent on the medium’s material and design. The NVP indicates the signals’ speed in the physical medium relative to the speed of light in a vacuum. Typically, copper cable results show 60% to 85% of the speed of light.

Pair (conductor Pair)Two conductors, paired together (mostly by twisting) and colour-coded. See also Symmetrical Twisted Pair Cable.

Permanent LinkThe transmission link between two interfaces of an application independent cabling system, excluding connectioncable and workplace cable.

Power SumA procedure of crosstalk testing and measuring in multi-pair cables, referring to the summing of various forms of disturbing crosstalk, with all the other pairs active.

Propagation Time DelayA signal that travels from one point of a transmission link to another experiences a certain time delay. It is calculated on the basis of the cable length and the velocity of propagation specified for the transmission medium.

ResistanceThe characteristic of a conductor defining the current flow generated at a given potential difference. It opposes the current flow and causes loss of performance in the form of heat. Resistance is measured in ohms.

Return LossReturn loss indicates impedance regularity along the cable as well as in plug connector and patch cable.

ShieldA metallic cover around the insulated conductors of a shielded cable. The shield can be a cable’s metallic jacket or the metallic layer of a metal-free jacket. Also referred to as screen.

Shielded Twisted Pair cable (STP)An electrically conducting cable comprising one or more elements each of which is individually shielded. There may be an additional overall shield in which case the cable is referred to as a shielded twisted pair cable with an overall shield.



61

Symmetrical Twisted Pair cableA cable consisting of at least on symmetrical cable (twisted pair or star-quad).

Telecommunications Outlet (TO)The term to denote the data outlets installed at workplaces within a structured cabling system. Mostly they are 8-pole modular sockets, supporting numerous different services (e.g. voice, video and data).Tensile forceThe force measured in Newton (N) that a cable is exposed to during installation.

Unshielded Twisted Pair cable (UTP)An ordinary copper cable for use in buildings, able to transmit high data rates. There are methods limiting the copper conductor induced transmission losses and radiation of UTP cables.

Wire Map TestThe wire map test checks if the connector modules’ pin assignment is identical at both ends.

WorkplaceA space in a building where users work at telecommunications terminals. A typical workplace measures 9 square meters.

Zone distribution cableCable connecting the zone distributor to the equipment outlet(s) or local distribution point(s)

Zone distributorDistributor used to make connections between the main distribution cabling subsystem, zone distribution cabling subsystem, network access cabling subsystem and cabling subsystems specified in ISO/IEC 11801 series and active equipment



62

31 NOTeS



63

© R

eich

le &

De-

Mas

sari

AG

– A

ll rig

hts

rese

rved

Vers

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5.2/

e/09

.11/

PD

F

Contact addressReichle & De-Massari AGTechnical Support, Binzstrasse 31CHE-8620 Wetzikon/SwitzerlandTelephone +41 (0)44 933 81 11Telefax +41 (0)44 933 86 67E-mail [email protected]

www.rdm.com

generic cabling â€“ version 5

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