genetic modified crops
TRANSCRIPT
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A child in Africa A child in Africa
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Genetically modified cropsGenetically modified cropsPHAM VAN CHUYEN
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OverviewOverview
1. Definition2. Method 3. Usefulness of GM crops4. Harmfulness of GM crops5. Timeline and status 6. Vietnam and GM crops7. Conclusion
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DefinitionDefinition• A genetically modified crop (GMC) is an plant whose
genetic characteristics have been altered by human
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Method Method
Note: Bt: Bacterium thuringiensis
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Usefulness of GM cropsUsefulness of GM crops1) Pest resistance 2) Disease resistance 3) Herbicide tolerance 4) Drought tolerance 5) Nutrition 6) Pharmaceuticals 7) Phytoremediation
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Usefulness of GM cropsUsefulness of GM crops1,2 Pest & Disease resistance
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Usefulness of GM cropsUsefulness of GM crops• Herbicide tolerance
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4. Drought tolerance4. Drought tolerance
Corn crops under drought stress
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ResultResult
Genetically Modified Cotton (contains a bacterial gene for pest resistance)
Standard Cotton
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5. Nutrition 5. Nutrition :: Golden riceGolden rice
Golden rice (yellow) with standard rice (white).
Worldwide, 7% of children suffer vitamin A deficiency, many of them living in regions in which rice is a staple of the diet.
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Pharmaceuticals & PhytoremediationPharmaceuticals & Phytoremediation
• – ‘Spike’ protein gene of the pig corona virus in the same family as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus
• – Glycoprotein gene gp 120 of the AIDS virus HIV-1 incorporated into GM maize as a cheap edible oral vaccine
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Harmfulness of GM cropsHarmfulness of GM crops
1. Human health - Allergen and toxin - Unknown effects on human health
2. Environmental hazards - Unintended harm to other organisms - Gene transfer to non-target species
- BT resistance Insect
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Human healthHuman health
• Allergen and toxin• Unknown effects on human health
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Environmental hazards Environmental hazards
1. Unintended harm to other
organisms
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Environmental hazardsEnvironmental hazards2, Gene transfer to non-target species
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Environmental hazardsEnvironmental hazards• BT resistance Insect
Larva eating GM crop leaf
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Timeline & statusTimeline & status
• 1986 – Federal “Coordinated Framework” for regulating biotech
• 1994 – First biotech food approved (Flavr Savr tomato)
• 1996 – First GM corn seed is sold; GM crops enter the food supply
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Some result of StudySome result of Study
Timeline & statusTimeline & status
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Herbicide ToleranceInsect ResistanceHerbicide Tolerance/Insect Resistance
Global Area of Biotech Crops, 1996 to 2007:By Trait (Million Hectares)
Source: Clive James, 2008
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M Acres
346
247
198
99
148
49
0
297
396
91
64%0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Soybean Cotton Maize Canola
standardGM crops
35
43%
148
24%
27
20%
Source: Clive James, 2008
Global Adoption Rates (%) for PrincipalGM Crops (Million Hectares) 2007
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GM Crop Countries and Mega-Countries, 2007
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Vietnam and GM cropsVietnam and GM crops
• Vietnam begin to research GM crops from 1990
• In Vietnam, institutes planed GM crops: rice, maize, potato
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ConclusionConclusion
Improved Nutrition
Resistance to disease
Reduced use of chemicals
Environmental risks
Health risks
Economic risks
•So are GM foods a good or bad thing? It depend on each individual case
•In future, we will become agronomist, so did you have your own idea about Gm crops?