GENETICS

Agenda● Review

● Notes

REVIEW

What is Genetics?

● Studying heredity and the variation

of inherited characteristics

● Studying heredity and the variation

of inherited characteristics

Cell Cycle

● Cells reproduce through a

continuous sequence of growth and

division known as the cell cycle● Interphase + Mitosis (+ cytokinesis)

Cell division/Cell cycle

CLONING

What is cloning?

● Process of forming IDENTICAL offspring from a single cell or tissue

● Does not result in the variation of traits that would occur with the combination of male and female sex cells

● Therefore, ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Natural clones

● Identical twins

● Plant cutting○ grafting

Natural clones

Artificial clones

● Made in the lab → THANKS to genetic

engineering○ Intentional production of new genetic

material by substituting or altering existing material

● Two ways○ Artificial embryo twinning○ Somatic cell nuclear transfer

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)

● Somatic cell: any cell in the body other

than sperm and egg - has two complete

sets of chromosomes (46 chromosomes)

● Nuclear: nucleus is a compartment that

holds the cell’s DNA

● Transfer: moving an object from one

place to another

1996 - First mammal created by SCNTSheep (Dolly) - Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell

Normal Development

● Embryonic cells

→

differentiation →

different cells

● Shut down genes

they don’t need

for specific

functions

WHY CLONE?