gentle introduction into geospatial (using sql in sap hana)

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Gentle introduction into Geospatial

[with SQL using SAP HANA]

Vitaliy @Sygyzmundovych RudnytskiyKariera IT, Wrocław, 2016/02


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Let’s start with…

- … Vitaliy Rudnytskiy (aka Witalij Rudnicki)

@Sygyzmundovych

- SAP’s Developer Relations (developers.sap.com)

- IoT

- Based in Wrocław, Poland

http://developers.sap.com/


How I got into the geospatial for the first time

https://blogs.sap.com/2016/06/24/from-wroclaw-to-warsaw-and-back-iot-analysis-with-sap-hana-sql

https://blogs.sap.com/2016/06/24/from-wroclaw-to-warsaw-and-back-iot-analysis-with-sap-hana-sql


How I got into the geospatial for the second time

https://twitter.com/Sygyzmundovych/status/808250140251324416

https://twitter.com/Sygyzmundovych/status/808250140251324416


How I got into the geospatial for the third time

http://www.sap.com/developer/tutorials.html

http://www.sap.com/developer/tutorials.html?tag=products:technology-platform/sap-hana&tag=topic:big-data


SAP HANA, Express editiondevelopers.sap.com/sap-hana-express

Now SAP CodeJam on SAP HANA Express edition is available:

https://blogs.sap.com/2017/01/10/sap-hana-express-edition-comes-to-sap-codejam/

SAP HANA, express edition

• targeted to run in resource-constrained environments and contains a rich set of capabilities for a

developer to work with, including geospatial data types and algorithms

• limited to 32 GB of RAM,

• comes as a binary installer or as a pre-configured virtual machine image (ova file)

http://developers.sap.com/sap-hana-express

https://blogs.sap.com/2017/01/10/sap-hana-express-edition-comes-to-sap-codejam/


Spatial: data types in SAP HANA and in SQL/MM standard

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_hanaplatform/helpdata/en/99/d10e4fdaaf41588480a43478e840d5/frameset.htm

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_hanaplatform/helpdata/en/99/d10e4fdaaf41588480a43478e840d5/frameset.htm


SAP HANA SpatialImplementing SQL/MM standard

Spatial data type

CREATE COLUMN TABLE "LOCATIONS"("ID" INTEGER,"DESCRITPION" VARCHAR(100),"LOCAITON"ST_POINT(0));

Spatial query

SELECT "DESCRIPTION"FROM "LOCATIONS"WHERE "LOCATION".ST_Within(NEW ST_POLYGON('POLYGON((0 0,1 0,1 1,0 0))')) = 1;


Spatial SQL/MM

Format Functions Example

SELECT "NAME", "LOCATION".ST_ASTEXT(), "LOCATION".ST_ASGEOJSON()FROM "LOCATIONS";


Spatial Predicates

g1 g2

g1

g2

g1.ST_Touches(g2)

(g1 ∩ g2 ≠ ∅) ∧ (B(g1) ∩ B(g2) = ∅)

g1.ST_Within(g2)

g1 ∩ g2 = g1 ∧ I(g1) ∩ E(g2) = ø

g1.ST_Equals(g2)

g1 = g2

g2

g1

g1 g1.ST_Crosses(g2)

I(g1) ∩ I(g2) ≠ ∅ ∧ (g1 ∩ g2 ≠ g1) ∧ (g1 ∩ g2 ≠ g2)]

g2

g1

g1

g2

g1.ST_Overlaps(g2)

(I(g1) ∩ I(g2) ≠ ∅) ∧

(I(g1) ∩ E(g2) ≠ ∅) ∧

(E(g1) ∩ I(g2) ≠ ∅)

g1.ST_Intersects(g2)

g1 ∩ g2 ≠ ø

g1

g2

g1.ST_Disjoint(g2)

g1 ∩ g2 = ø

g1

g2

g2

g1

g2

g1

g2

g1.ST_Contains(g2)

g1 ∩ g2 = g2 ∧ I(g1) ∩ I(g2) ≠ ø

g2

g1

g1

g1.ST_Covers(g2) *

g1 ∩ g2 = g2

g2

g1

g2

* No OGC standard

g1

g2

g2

g1

g1g2

g1 g2

g1 g2


Trying it out: number π by throwing virtual darts

https://blogs.sap.com/2016/12/14/calculating-number-%CF%80-by-throwing-darts-digitally-in-sap-hana/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M34TO71SKGk

https://blogs.sap.com/2016/12/14/calculating-number-%CF%80-by-throwing-darts-digitally-in-sap-hana/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M34TO71SKGk


What is the distance between two points?

select new st_point('POINT (0 0)').st_distance(new st_point('POINT (0 1)')) as distance

from dummy;

-- The result is „1”

But on Earth between the two GPS points?select new st_point('POINT (0 0)',4326).st_distance(new st_point('POINT (0 1)',4326)) as

distance from dummy;

-- Now the result is „110574.38855796008”, i.e. 110.57 km

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_hanaplatform/helpdata/en/7a/2ea357787c101488ecd1b725836f07/content.htm

WGS84 - SRID 4326

„The WGS84 standard provides a spheroidal reference surface for the Earth. It is the spatial reference system used by the

Global Positioning System (GPS). The coordinate origin of WGS 84 is the Earth's center, and is considered accurate up to ±1

meter. WGS stands for World Geodetic System.”

http://help.sap.com/saphelp_hanaplatform/helpdata/en/7a/2ea357787c101488ecd1b725836f07/content.htm


Spatial Reference Systems (SRS)

Unit of Measurement (UoM)

Projections to Planar World

distance/area calculations with (acceptable?) distortion

projections: cylindrical, conical, azimuthal, hybrid, …

x

y

Cartesian Coordinate System

simple and fast calculations

distance/area calculations in

euclidean space

r

Round Earth Models

accurate results in specific UoM

more complex calculations

Transformation

Transformation

Transformation


Round Earth Models

Sphere as simplified earth model

radius of earth = 𝑟 = 6371 km (constant)

coordinate just depends on 𝛼 and 𝛽

equator

r

Spheroid as proper earth model (WGS84)

semi major axis = equatorial radius: 𝑒𝑟 = 6378.137 km

semi minor axis = polar radius: 𝑝𝑟 = 6356.752 km

flattening: 𝑓 = (𝑒𝑟 − 𝑝𝑟) / 𝑒𝑟

equator

er

pr


WGS 84 Defining ParametersSource: http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/publications/index.html

http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/publications/index.html


Poland

Source: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki

EPSG 3328

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki


Reference systems: there are 3000+ in total existing

Poland:

http://spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/?search=poland

In Europe:

http://www.crs-geo.eu

In the US:

https://www.nga.mil

DoD World Geodetic System 1984

http://spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/?search=poland

http://www.crs-geo.eu/

https://www.nga.mil/


Trying it out: ASCII world map from open data shape files

Blog to come soon…


Greater Business Insight & Action with Geographic Data

Customer Examples

Improve situational awareness with

location intelligence to keep

travelers safe

Track thoughts of flights per day using

rich 3D mapping interface with spatial and

temporal coordinate to improve flight

operations

Predict impact of natural disasters,

analyze cluster maps to assess critical

infrastructure (roads, hospitals etc.).


Spatial Data: Vector vs Raster

Vector Data

Point, Linestring, Polygon, MultiPoint, …

Networks, Topologies, Point Clouds, …

Metadata

Spatial Reference Systems (SRS)

Unit of Measures (UOM)

Raster Data

Gridded datae.g. digital terrain elevation, weather information

Image datae.g. created from optical or spectral sensors

Metadata

Raster- and Grid information

Spatial- and Band Reference System

Point Linestring Polygon CircularString

14 35 25

17 39 59

16 15 17


Trying it out: Earth Observation API at SAP yaas.io

https://blogs.sap.com/2016/12/07/port-of-antwerp-from-space-perspective/

https://blogs.sap.com/2016/12/07/port-of-antwerp-from-space-perspective/

© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

Thank you && Dziękuję!!

SAP Developers Center

http://developers.sap.com

@sygyzmundovych

Vitaliy Rudnytskiy

http://developers.sap.com/

gentle introduction into geospatial (using sql in sap hana)

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