GEOGRAPHICALLY SPEAKING, CHINA IS LARGER THAN THE

UNITED STATES.

CHINA IS A COMMUNIST COUNTRY.

ALL FAMILIES IN CHINA ARE LIMITED TO ONE CHILD.

GENERALLY SPEAKING, PARENTS HOPE TO HAVE BABY

GIRLS, NOT BOYS.

CHINA’S OFFICAL RELIGION IS BUDDHISM.

MEN IN CHINA LOOKING TO GET MARRIED ARE VERY LUCKY

BECAUSE THERE ARE A LOT MORE WOMEN, SO THEY HAVE A GOOD CHANCE OF FINDING

THE WOMAN OF THEIR DREAMS.

FOOD SUPPLY HAS BEEN A PROBLEM FOR CHINA

THROUGHOUT ITS HISTORY.

MANY MODERN COUNTRIES GAINED THEIR INDEPENDENCE

THROUGH REVOLUTION. CHINA’S REVOLUTION TOOK

PLACE IN THE MID 1800S.

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA WAS BUILT TO KEEP UNHAPPY PEASANTS FROM LEAVING CHINA, WHICH WOULD HAVE RESULTED IN

A LABOR SHORTAGE AND HUGE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. IN OTHER WORDS, THE WALL WAS BUILT TO KEEP PEOPLE IN,

NOT OUT, JUST LIKE THE BERLIN WALL.

LEADERSHIP OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY

workers

peasants

bourgeoisie

Patriotic capitalists

• stars are evenly spread and all point back to the larger star

FATCS & FIGURES

• CONTINENT? - Asia

• POPULATION? - 1,330,044,605

• GOV’T? – Communist (capital is Beijing)

• RELIGIONS? – Taoist, Buddhist, Christian, Muslim(officially atheist)

• HOW OLD? – Oldest civilization in the world

GEOGRAPHY

WEST• Rugged, forbidding terrain

• Himalayas close the SW part of the country

EAST• Borders the Pacific Ocean

• Fertile river valleys and plains

• Good place for life to flourish, unlike the west

MOUNTAINS

Mts. Cover 1/3 of the country, mostly in the west

RIVERS

3 main rivers drain the eastern basin:

1. Huang He (Yellow River)

2. Chang Jiang (Yangtze)

3. Xi Jiang

CLIMATE

• Very diverse climate ranging from tropical in the south to subarctic in the north

• Melting snow and monsoon seasons provide fertile farming areas

CHINESE NEW YEAR

• Calendar dates back many centuries and is based on the moon and the sun

• Calendar is cyclical (12 cycles, complete cycles are 60 years made of shorter cycles of 12 years)

• Year can be named 3 ways:1. Animal (rat, dragon, monkey…)2. Traditional name (Wu Zi)3. Number (2008 = 4705)

ANIMALS OF THE CALENDAR

• RAT, OX, TIGER, RABBIT, DRAGON, SNAKE, HORSE, GOAT, MONKEY, ROOSTER, DOG, BOAR

2011 is the year of the RABBIT

List 3-5 adjectives that describe you

Write 3-5 sentences that describe you. Consider personality traits,

health, morals, likes/dislikes, attitude about health, family and friends…

List 2-3 celebrities you would like to be

http://www.chineseastrology.com/wu/celebrity.html

http://tarot.com/chinese-astrology/gallery_Celebrity-Chinese-New-Year

DYNASTIES G.O.

ZHOUHow? –

When? –

Son of Heaven –

ZHOU cont.

Agricultural System –

Technological Advances

WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF LIFE?

HOW DID WE GET HERE AND WHY ARE WE HERE?

WHAT IS HAPPINESS?

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT?

WHAT MORALS/VALUES SHOULD WE LIVE BY?

CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES

• During the late Zhou period scholars sought solutions to problems:

a. Political breakdownb. Social disorders

• Efforts led to new philosophies that focused on

a. life in this world b. how this life should be lived

(not great emphasis on the afterlife)

BUDDHISM

DAOISM

CONFUCIANISM

KONGUZI (Confucius)

• Born in 551 B.C.• Taught that “social

harmony” and “good gov’t” would return to China if people lived according to ethics – good conduct and moral judgment

• Golden rule “Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you”

CONFUCIANISM cont.

5 RELATIONSHIPS

• Confucius stressed the importance of moral behavior in 5 basic relationships

5 RELATIONSHIPS

1

RULER &

SUBJECT

5 RELATIONSHIPS

2

Parent&

Child

5 RELATIONSHIPS

3

Husband&

Wife

5 RELATIONSHIPS

4

Old&

Young

5 RELATIONSHIPS

5

Friend&

Friend

CONFUCIANISM cont.

• He cared most about family relationships and a child’s respect for parents (filial piety)

• Died in 479 B.C.

• Analects – teachings were written down into this book

• Greatly influenced Chinese society/politics until early 1900s

DAOISM

LAOZI• Lived in the 500s b.c.

• Stressed living in harmony with nature

• Followers believed people should give up worldly ambitions and turn to nature and the dao

DAOISM cont.

• Dao – universal force that guides all the things

• Focus on nature greatly emphasized Chinese art

DAOISM cont.

Yin and Yang• two opposing forces

present in all nature (everything has both)

• Yin – cool, dark, female

• Yang – warm, light, male

BUDDHISM

• Entered China during the end of the Han dynasty

• Emphasis on personal salvation and nirvana was appealing

• Widely accepted by the 400s A.D.

SOCIETY & CULTURE

• During the Han Dynasty the ideas of Confucius influenced all aspects of personal and social life

• The family became most important aspect of Chinese society

FAMILY

• Every member knew their place and role

• Hierarchy – organization based on separate levels of importance

FAMILY ORGANIZATIONOLDEST MALE (father)

Oldest Son

Mother

Oldest daughter

FAMILY RULES

• Very strict rules governed the family

• Nobody wanted to bring shame on the family name

• Expected to pay respect to dead ancestors (ancestor worship)

CHINA IN THE 1800’sOPENED UP BY THE WEST

IMPERIALISM IN ASIA

• Imperialism – policy of building an empire

• During the 1800s many European countries wanted control of Asian territory for trade

IMPERIALISM cont.

• China had become weaker during the rule of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912)

• European powers (Great Britain, Spain, Portugal…) were trying to establish a sphere of influence – area where they had exclusive trading rights

• This would eventually lead to the “opening up” of China and drastically changed the course of Chinese history

MAJOR EVENTS IN THE 1800s/EARLY 1900s

OPIUM WAR

BOXER REBELLION

REVOLUTION OF 1911

OPIUM WAR

• British started using opium as cash payment for goods

• 1839 – Chinese gov’t tried to get them to stop, didn’t work

• War broke out and the British easily won

OPIUM WAR cont.

Treaty of Nanking• “Unequal treaty” that

gave G.B.1. Payment for war

losses2. Control of Hong

Kong3. Extraterritoriality –

right to live under their own laws and courts

BOXER REBELLION

• Anti-foreign feelings led to creation of secret societies (remove foreign influence)

• Righteous and Harmonious Fists was one of them (Boxers)

BOXER REBELLION cont.

• 1900 – Boxers carried out attacks against foreigners and Chinese Christians

• Western countries & Japan sent a combined force to end the uprising

REVOLUTION OF 1911

• After the Boxer Rebellion the last dynasty, Qing, struggled to hold onto power

• Many Chinese believed the time had come to end the rule of dynasties in China

REVOLUTION OF 1911 cont.

• Leader was Sun Yat-sen

• Goal was to modernize China based on 3 principles:1. Nationalism2. Democracy3. Livelihood

• 1912 – Sun is named first president of the new Chinese Republic (end of dynasties)

CHINA’S DRIVE FOR MODERNIZATION

modernization

CHINA’S DRIVE FOR MODERNIZATION

TIMELINE OF BIG TROUBLE IN BIG CHINA

1912 – Sun Yat-Sen becomes first

president of new Republic of China

• 2 months later he is ousted by Yuan Shigai (becomes a dictator)

• Sun creates the Guomindang – nationalist party

TIMELINE OF BIG TROUBLE IN BIG CHINA

1916

• Yuan Shigai dies

• China slips into chaos

• Warlords (local military leaders) divide the country amongst themselves

TIMELINE OF BIG TROUBLE IN BIG CHINA

1923

• With the aid of the USSR & Chiang Kai-shek, the Guomindang army grew in strength

TIMELINE OF BIG TROUBLE IN BIG CHINA

1926-1928• Chiang leads army to

victory over warlords

• Guomingdang sets up a gov’t in Nanjing in 1928

RIVALRY WITH THE COMMUNISTS

• Communists - a group that originally supported Chiang but eventually tried to take over the Guomindang in 1927

• Mao Zedong – leader of the Communist Party (Red Army)

COMMUNISTS & PEASANTS

Communists gained support of peasants by overthrowing local landlords and giving

land to peasants

RED ARMY

THE LONG MARCH

1934 – Red Army was in danger of being crushed

-went on a 6,000 mile (16 miles/day)

-100,000 started, about 8,000 survived

- unified/strengthened the RA

http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/longmarc.htm

CHINESE CIVIL WAR

• By 1949 Mao’s forces defeated Chiang’s Nationalist forces

• Created the People’s Republic of China (Beijing)

• Nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan (Republic of China – capital at Taipei)

BOOKLETS

• Cover Pages – Title: China’s Drive for Modernization– Name in lower right-hand corner

• Page: Title (Year)– Picture of event(s) of that year– Written explanation of the events

TAIWAN

HISTORY

• Since 1949 both the Nationalists & Communists believe they rightfully control it

• 1988 – moved towards democracy as political parties were allowed to challenge the Nationalists

• 1997 – Lee Teng-hui won the first democratic presidential election

• Future is uncertain

CHINA AFTER MAO

• Mao died in 1976

• Deng Xiaoping - became the new leader

FOUR MODERNIZATOINS

AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRY

SCIENCE

DEFENSE

TIANANMEN SQUARE

• June 4, 1989 – 100,000 people in Beijing rallied for democracy

• Troops/tanks sent in (thousands killed)

• Damaged Chinese image abroad

HU JINTAO – PRESIDENT OF CHINA