geography geog1

For Examiner’s Use

Examiner’s Initials

Question Mark

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

TOTAL

(JAN11GEOG101)

Centre Number Candidate Number

Surname

Other Names

Candidate Signature

For this paper you must have:� a pencil� a rubber� a rulerYou may use a calculator.

Time allowed� 2 hours

Instructions

� Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Use pencil only for drawing.� Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.� You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write

outside the box around each page or on blank pages.� Answer four questions.� Answer Question 1 and one other question from Section A and

Question 5 and one other question from Section B.� Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want

to be marked.

Information

� The maximum mark for this paper is 120.� Each question is worth 30 marks.� The marks for questions are shown in brackets.� You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.� You will be marked on your ability to:

– use good English– organise information clearly– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.

Advice

� Where appropriate, sketch maps and diagrams should be used toillustrate answers and reference made to examples and case studies.

� You are advised to spend about 60 minutes on Section A and about 60 minutes on Section B.

General Certificate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary ExaminationJanuary 2011

Geography GEOG1Unit 1 Physical and Human Geography

Friday 14 January 2011 9.00 am to 11.00 am

GEOG1S2403-010-1/Jan11/GEOG1 6/6/6

Do not writeoutside the

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Section A

Answer Question 1 and one other question from this section.

01 RIVERS, FLOODS AND MANAGEMENT

1 (a) (i) What is meant by the term ‘magnitude’ of a flood?

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100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

21 5 10 25Predicted return period (years)

Discharge(cumecs)

10050 200 500


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01 (a) (ii) Study Figure 1 which shows the predicted return period of flood events for the River Ouse at York.

Figure 1

Summarise the information shown in Figure 1.

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01 (b) Study Figure 2 which shows part of the Cuckmere River in East Sussex.

Figure 2

1 (b) (i) Describe the landforms shown in Figure 2.

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1 (b) (ii) Flooding is important in the formation of some river landforms.With the help of Figure 2, describe the role of flooding in the formation of riverlandforms.

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1 (c) Channel characteristics such as cross profile, wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius,roughness and efficiency change downstream.Describe and explain how channel characteristics change downstream.

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1880–3000

–2500

–2000

–1500

–1000

–500

0

1920Year

Lengthchange

(m) Grosser AletschCurrent length: 24.0 km

TrientCurrent length: 4.9 km

1960 2000

PizolCurrent length: 0.6 km


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2 COLD ENVIRONMENTS

2 (a) Study Figure 3 which shows the changing lengths of three glaciers in the Alps.

Figure 3

2 (a) (i) Describe the trends shown in Figure 3.

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2 (a) (ii) Suggest reasons for the trends shown in Figure 3.

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Warm based (temperate) glacier

Key

Cold based (polar) glacier

Base–30

Surface of glacier

–20 –10°C

0 10 –30 –20 –10°C

0 10

Increasingdepth

S

TemperaturePressure melting point

SW

Summer surface temperatureWinter surface temperature

WSurface of glacier

Increasingdepth

Base

W S


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2 (b) Study Figures 4a and 4b which show how temperature changes with depth in a warmbased glacier and a cold based glacier.

Figure 4a Figure 4b

2 (b) (i) With reference to Figures 4a and 4b, distinguish between warm based and cold basedglaciers.

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2 (b) (ii) With the help of Figures 4a and 4b, explain how ice moves by basal sliding.

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2 (c) Assess the role of meltwater erosion and deposition in the formation of fluvioglaciallandforms.

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0 1 km

Craig Ddu

Criccieth beach

Black Rock Sands

Area of investigation

Cardigan Bay

N

Criccieth

Prevailing wind

direction

1

3

West East

1

10

2

4

3

12

4

16

5

9

6

26

7

42

8

34

9

60

10

73

Sampling point

% of particlesless than 10 mm

in length


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3 COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS

3 (a) Study Figure 5 which shows the size of beach material along Criccieth beach,Cardigan Bay.

Figure 5

3 (a) (i) Describe the pattern shown by the data in Figure 5.

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3 (a) (ii) Suggest reasons for the pattern shown by the data in Figure 5.

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01020Altitude

(m)Beach

Dune ridges

Sea

30

Embryodunes

Foredunes

Yellow mobiledunes

Grey fixeddunes

Slacks


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3 (b) Study Figure 6, a cross-section of a dune system.

Figure 6

3 (b) (i) Describe how the dunes change inland.

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3 (b) (ii) Explain the conditions needed for the development of coastal dunes.

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3 (c) Using a case study, assess the causes and consequences of coastal flooding.

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30 °S

30 °N

Equator

KeyAridSemi-arid


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4 HOT DESERT ENVIRONMENTS AND THEIR MARGINS

4 (a) Study Figure 7 which shows the distribution of arid and semi-arid areas.

Figure 7

4 (a) (i) Describe the distribution of arid and semi-arid areas shown in Figure 7.

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4 (a) (ii) Explain the distribution of arid areas shown in Figure 7.

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0.1 0.25

2.00

0.15

Under 0.15

Particle size(mm)

1.0

300Height (m)(approximate scale) Prevailing wind

Dust storm

C1C D C2D1 D2

(Dust)

(Fine sand)

(Coarse sandand pebbles)


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4 (b) Study Figure 8 which shows how material is transported by the wind.

Figure 8

4 (b) (i) With reference to Figure 8, outline how wind transports material of different sizes.

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4 (b) (ii) Explain how methods of wind transportation affect the processes of deflation andabrasion.

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4 (c) Assess the role of water in the formation of desert landforms.

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End of Section A

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SECTION B

Answer Question 5 and one other question from this section.

5 POPULATION CHANGE

5 (a) Study Figure 9 which shows population density in China.

Figure 9

5 (a) Describe the pattern shown in Figure 9.

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N 0 500 km

Key

More than 700People per km2

Tianjin

Jiangsu

Shanghai

Hong KongMacau

Hainan

500 – 700300 – 499100 – 2990 – 99

Henan

Hebei

Hubei

Hunan

Anhui

Fujian

JiangxiZhejiang

Jilin

Liaoning

Shanxi

Shaanxi

Sichuan

Yunnan

Guizhou

Guangxi

InnerMongolia

Heilongjiang

Tibet

Qinghai

Xinjiang

Gansu

Guangdong

Chongqing

Ningxia

Beijing

Shandong

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5 (b) Explain why the population density of an area may change over time.

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5 (c) Study Figures 10a and 10b which show China's population structure in 2000 and2050 (projected).China introduced a population control policy in 1979.

Figure 10a Figure 10b

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 7070 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

100+95 – 9990 – 9485 – 8980 – 8475 – 7970 – 7465 – 6960 – 6455 – 5950 – 5445 – 4940 – 4435 – 3930 – 3425 – 2920 – 2415 – 1910 – 14

5 – 90 – 4

Population (millions)

Age

FemalesMales

2050

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100+95 – 9990 – 9485 – 8980 – 8475 – 7970 – 7465 – 6960 – 6455 – 5950 – 5445 – 4940 – 4435 – 3930 – 3425 – 2920 – 2415 – 1910 – 14

5 – 90 – 4

Population (millions)

Age

FemalesMales

2000

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5 (c) To what extent do Figures 10a and 10b suggest that China's population policy willallow sustainable development?

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5 (d) “For better and for worse?” Discuss how population change can affect the character ofrural and urban areas.

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6 FOOD SUPPLY ISSUES

6 (a) Study Figure 11 which shows worldwide trading patterns in food between 2000 and2002.

Figure 11

6 (a) (i) Outline the pattern shown in Figure 11.

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6 (a) (ii) Suggest reasons why some countries are net importers of food.

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6 (b) Explain how genetically modified crops can increase the food supply.

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6 (c) To what extent can an increase in the demand for organic produce and locally sourcedfood be seen as environmentally and economically beneficial?

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7 ENERGY ISSUES

7 (a) Study Figure 12 which shows the percentage distribution of proven oil reserves in1987, 1997 and 2007.

Figure 12

7 (a) (i) Summarise the changes shown in Figure 12.

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1987Total 910.2 thousand

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61.063.962.2

8.28.3

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6.4

7.5

11.14.4

7.0

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11.6

9.5

9.0

5.6 3.3

Middle EastEurope and EurasiaAfrica

South and Central AmericaNorth AmericaAsia Pacific

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7 (a) (ii) In 2007, it was predicted that oil reserves would last a further 41.6 years. Explain whyoil reserves may be exhausted in this time.

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7 (b) Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of using biomass as a source ofenergy.

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7 (c) Discuss the view that nuclear power can be managed so that it is an environmentallysustainable source of energy.

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8 HEALTH ISSUES

8 (a) Study Figure 13 which shows the percentage of people who stated that they were inpoor health in England and Wales in the 2001 census.

Figure 13

8 (a) (i) Describe the pattern shown in Figure 13.

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% of people withpoor health

9.1 – 11.87.4 – 9.05.7 – 7.33.5 – 5.6

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8 (a) (ii) Study Figure 14 which shows the number of doctors per 10 000 population in 2001.

Figure 14

Describe the relationships between the information shown in Figure 14 and that shownin Figure 13.

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31.3 – 55.9

Number of doctorsper 10 000 population

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8 (b) Suggest reasons for regional variations in health in the UK.

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8 (c) Discuss issues associated with pharmaceutical transnational corporations regardingresearch, production and distribution of drugs.

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