Geography of the Periodic Table

Unit 4 – Periodic TableMrs. Callender

Lesson Essential Question:

What information does the periodic table tell me?

Horizontal Row on a periodic table is called a PERIOD.

The vertical columns of the periodic table are called GROUPS, or FAMILIES.

The elements in any group of the periodic table have similar physical and chemical properties!

MetalsMETALS

-Good conductors of heat and electricity.

-Malleable

-Ductile

-High tensile strength

-Have a luster

-Lose electrons becoming positive ions.

Metalloids-Properties of both metals and nonmetals.

-More brittle than metals but less brittle than nonmetals.

-Semiconductors of electricity.

-High tensile strength.

-Lose and gain electrons to get to happy eight land.

SemiconductorAnything that's computerized or uses radio waves depends on semiconductors. Today, most semiconductor chips and transistors are created with silicon. "Silicon Valley" and the "silicon economy -- silicon is the heart of any electronic device.

Nonmetals-Poor conductors of heat and electricity.

-Tend to be brittle.

-Many are gaseous at room temperature.

HYDROGEN• Hydrogen belongs to a

family of its own.• Hydrogen is a diatomic,

reactive gas.• Hydrogen was involved in

the explosion of the Hindenburg.

• Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles

ALKALI METALSVery reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature (like in salt).

Soft enough to cut with a butter knife

S1 Electrons

Reactivity increases as you move down the column.

ALKALI METALS

ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature.

Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca

ALKALINE EARTH METALS

NOBLE GASES – INERT GASESElements in group 18

VERY unreactive, monatomic gases

Used in lighted “neon” signs

Used in blimps to fix the Hindenburg problem.

Have a full valence shell.

NOBLE GASES – INERT GASES

TRANSITION METALS

• Elements in groups 3-12• Less reactive harder

metals• Includes metals used in

jewelry and construction.• Metals used “as metal.”

RARE EARTH METALS

RARE EARTH METALSElement Etymology Uses

Promethium For Titan Promethius who brought fire to mortals. Nuclear Batteries

Thulium For the mythical northern land of Thule. Portable X-ray machines

Cerium Dwarf planet Ceres.Yellow color in glass and ceramics, Self cleaning ovens and cracking catalyst in oil refineries.

Dysprosium From the Greek “dysporsitos” meaning hard to get. Rare earth magnets and lasers

Lutetitium For Lutetia, the city which became Paris.

PET scan detectors, high refractive index glass.

Halogens• Have seven valence electrons. s2p5

Gain 1 electron, -1 charge.• Never found pure in nature

because they are too reactive.• Fluorine is the most reactive.• In their pure form they are

diatomic, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

Chalcogens• Have six valence electrons. s2p4

Gain 2 electrons, -2 charge.