geophysical research in the sudbury basin: dr. richard smith

Industrial Research Chair Geophysical Research in the Sudbury Basin

(published material)

Richard Smith,

Department of Earth Sciences

Laurentian University

1

List of Students - Completed • Devon Parry (MSc) [Sept 2010- Jan 2013], A comparative study of physical property

measurements collected around the Sudbury basin.

• Joshua Lymburner (MSc) [Sept 2010-March 2013], A multiple transmitter/receiver electromagnetic system.

• Ladan Karimi Sharif (MSc) [Sept 2011-Oct 2013], Application of the cross-hole radio imaging method in detecting geological anomalies, MacLennan township, Sudbury, Ontario.

• Melissa Pecman (BSc Hons) [May 2013-May 2014] Measuring physical properties on core from the Victoria Property

• Oladele Olaniyan (PhD) [Jan 2011-July 2014], Regional geophysical investigation of the Sudbury structure.

• Tomas Naprstek (MSc) [Jan 2013 – Sept 2014], The physics of the propagation of radio waves between boreholes.

• Deng Deng (MSc) [Sept 2012-Oct 2014], A comparison of instruments for measuring magnetic susceptibility.

• Michal Kolaj (MSc/PhD) [May 2010- June 2015], Using a gradient EM system to map lateral changes in conductance.

2

List of Students - Current • Omid Mahmoodi (PhD) [Nov 2012-Nov 2015]

• Yongxing Li (PhD) [Sept 2013-Sept 2016]. Modelling of the Radio Imaging method.

3

“Embedded” students

• Michal Kolaj – Vale;

• Oladele Olaniyan – Wallbridge;

• Devon Parry – Glencore;

• Joshua Lymburner – Wallbridge;

• Ladan Karimi Sharif – Glencore;

• Deng Deng – Vale;

• Omid Mahmoodi – KGHM;

• Melissa Pecman, Maximilien Guillot – KGHM;

• Yongxing Li – Vale;

4

Other (non-IRC) training (10) • CMIC Geophysics Research Associate (Dr Reza Mir)

– Working on Orogenic Gold, Unconformity Uranium and Porphyry Copper.

• Mine Safety (Christoph Schaub)

• Airborne EM (Kun Guo)

• Ground and Airborne EM (Jacques Desmarais)

• Resistivity (Sam Long)

• Aeromagnetics (Angela Carter McAuslan)

• Seismic tomography (Shauna Lee-Hewitt, Matt Andersen)

• Magnetic processing and Interpretation (Tomas Naprstek)

• Water exploration (Nikolas Gazo)

5

IRC Research themes

• 1 Integrated studies theme

• 2 Physical Properties theme

• 3 Data acquisition and processing theme

• 4 New modelling tools theme

6 6

Integrated Studies Theme Sudbury Basin study

• Oladele Olaniyan has

– A new 3D model of the Sudbury Structure

7

Seismic data reinterpreted

8

Making the seismic consistent with the gravity and magnetics

9

Same for all profiles

10

14 Olaniyan et al., 2014, Interpretation

15

Olaniyan et al., 2014, Interpretation

Proposed tectonic history of the Sudbury

Structure

Integrated studies Cross-hole Radio Imaging Study

MacLennan Twp

16 FARA tomogram ImageWin tomogram

Ladan Karimi Sharif

(MSc thesis)

Physical Properties Theme

• Devon Parry – compared downhole instruments for measuring resistivity

• Deng Deng – comparing instruments for measuring magnetic susceptibility on core

• Melissa Pecman – measuring physical properties on core at Victoria

17

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

-2000 0 2000 4000

EM39

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

-5000 5000

KT-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

-5000 0 5000

IFG

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

-20000 20000

GDD 40

45

50

55

60

65

-10000 0 10000 20000 30000

Conductivity mS/m

EM39

GDD

KT10

IFG

Parry, et al., 2015, Exploration Geophysics

Comparison of instruments

21

Hand-held and borehole tools measure over different volumes

Two of three holes where 71 samples

were measured at Thompson, Manitoba

22

Deng, MSc

thesis, 2014

23 (Deng, MSc thesis, 2014)

Drift


Crossplots


Lower limit


27

Lower limit

(Deng, MSc thesis, 2014)

Range of instrument


30 Mahmoodi and Smith, 2015

Victoria Property

Geology from Physical properties (Omid Mahmoodi)

31

Statistical analyses

32

How many clusters?

33

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

fpi

mpe

Three clusters

34

Data acquisition and proc. Theme Deep exploration tool

38

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

• Receiver is Geonics 3D coil

• Data collected 25 m Rx stations (x) (red x every 100 m)

• Transmitter is 10 by 10 m loop, 10 turns, 20 Amps

• 25 Transmitter positions

• Equipment and crew provided by Abitibi Geophysics

Lymburner and Smith, 2014

39


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

40


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

41


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

42


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

43


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

44


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

45


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

46


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

47


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

48


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

49


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

50


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

51


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

52


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

53


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

54


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

55


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

56


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

57


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

58


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

59


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

60


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

61


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

62


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

63


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500

Known conductor

64

Tx 1000 m2

at +300

S/N = 1.1

Tx 3000 m2

+250 to +300

S/N = 3.8



Lymburner MSc thesis, (2013)

65

Tx 4000 m2

+225 to +300

S/N = 7



66

Tx 8000 m2

at +75 to +150

and -75 to -150

S/N = 144



Fitting all

components

(Kolaj and

Smith, 2015)

Using multiple receivers and transmitters

• Can increase signal to noise ratio

– Detect deep conductors

69

Data acquisition and proc. theme laterally varying conductance

• Michal Kolaj

70

Mine Tailings Survey

71

Estimator T for when simplified solution is erroneous

72

Approximate

Tool for estimating conductance from borehole EM data

73

Modelling theme

• Ground EM data

– Michal Kolaj

• Radio Imaging data

– Tom Naprstek

– Yongxing Li

75

Joe Lake

Shallow dipping thickening of the Sub-layer.

Evidence for embayment in SIC footwall

(Watts, 1997)

Joe Lake

(Watts, 1997) Michal Kolaj - Defence

Joe Lake

31 km of Z-channel UTEM.

Broad positive peak response.

(Watts, 1997) Michal Kolaj - Defence

Joe Lake

Michal Kolaj - Defence

Joe Lake

055°/31°


Joe Lake

Previous interp._

000°/30° S

1300N

depth to top of 375

m to 425 m

Dipole interp._

055°/30° SE

[4025, 1275, 400]

Depth to top > 275

m


Modelling theme Radio Imaging

• Tom Naprstek

– Physics of wave propagation

• Yongxing Li

– 3D modelling using COMSOL

85

RIM whole space modelling

• Permittivity effects are important

• Built a user interface

86 Naprstek and Smith, 2014, SExG

Yongxing Li: COMSOL Modelling

87

Computers & Geosciences 85 (2015), 60–67

88 Computers & Geosciences 85 (2015), 60–67

89 Computers & Geosciences 85 (2015), 60–67

ImageWin interpretation Wave propagation

Thank you

90

geophysical research in the sudbury basin: dr. richard smith

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