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Geothermal drilling and well research – experience and perspectives from Norwegian oil&gasErlend Randeberg, IRIS, Norway
13 June 2016
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Outline of presentation
› About IRIS – background
› Geothermal as a new area
› The NEXT-Drill project
› IRIS contribution in GeoWell
› Project development within geothermal drilling and well
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More than 40 years of Research and Development
› IRIS is a client-oriented research institute and presents an all-round and productive research environment within ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT (Marine/Biology) and SOCIAL SCIENCE
› Our objective is to carry out research and development, and
distribution of knowledge for trade, industry and public sector
activities, nationally and internationally
› Ca. 200 employees, from 23 different countries, 92 PhDs
› Main office in Stavanger, Norway
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Photo: Elisabeth Tønnessen / IRIS
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IRIS Energy – main areas
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Drilling & well technology Reservoir technology
Research facilities Green technologies
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Reservoir technology – overview
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Systems for mobility control for
water injection
Rock-fluid interactions
Simulator development
Field studies
History matching & production
optimization
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Drilling and well technology – overview
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Quantitative risk assessment
New drilling concepts & equipment
Well modelling
Automated drilling
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Drilling & well technology – success stories
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Badger Explorer ASASigmund StokkaIRIS
Se http://www.osloaxess.no/
BlowFlowDrillTronicsautomated drilling system
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Research facilities – drilling and well technology
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Full-size offshore type drilling rig HPHT lab
Sand screen lab
Virtual Rig
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Ullrigg Drilling and Well Centre
› Built in 1984, continuously modified
› Supporting research programs, technology
development and testing requirements
› Full-scale offshore type drilling rig
› Seven wells accessible
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Facilities: Virtual Rig
› Real Time Well Modelling
› Simulation for training and certification
› Research and development of new equipment and drilling concepts
› Experiments with automation of the drilling process
› Development and verification of procedures for new work processes and software
› Research and design of man-machine interface
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Experience: Risk-based approach for drilling and well
› Statistical approach, experience-based
› Decision-support in drilling planning and operational phase
› Cost estimation tool for well construction planning phase
› Software tools for risk of kicks, blowout modelling, etc.
› Reliability analysis of downhole safety valves etc.
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Experience: Modelling of the drilling process
› Physical representation of the drilling process
› Flow, drillstring dynamics, cuttings transport, wellbore stability…
› Optimal choice of operational parameters: WOB, RPM, flow…
› Available measurements and need for improved instrumentation
› Major topic at IRIS – some key projects:
• Drilltronics: Automated drilling program
• Drillscene: Drilling monitoring and visualisation program
• Virtual Rig: Drilling simulator
• Autofluid: Drillig fluid and cuttings transport modelling
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Experience: Drilling and Well Instrumentation
› Topside and downhole instrumentation
› Flow loop instrumentation and testing
› Full-scale tests at Ullrigg
› Development of drilling models based on wired pipe solutions
› Distributed Sensing (DTS/DAS) for downhole production optimization
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Source: SPE 149602
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Experience: Extended reach, new drilling concepts
“Hole in One Producer”
› Casing/liner drilling concept requiring step change in bit durability
› Energy at the bit – understanding what is needed to break rock
› Novel circulation and traction system
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Geothermal energy as a new niche
› Norwegian R&D and industry: Experience within drilling, well and reservoir
› (Deep) geothermal is geographically limited – new technology is needed for large-scale heat extraction
› Oil & gas vs. geothermal – similarities and differences
› Great opportunity for technology transfer
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Geothermal vs. oil & gas
› Geothermal projects are similar to oil & gas:
1. Drilling
2. Completion
3. Maintenance/ intervention (production)
4. Plugging and abandonment
› Technology transfer (oil & gas vs. geothermal)?
• Different incentives for cost reduction
• Shared markets yield high costs (compete for rigs, crew etc.)
• Geothermal as first mover?
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IRIS’ approach to geothermal so far
› Geothermal identified as a “new energy” area
› Involved in research networks and initiatives
• European Energy Research Arena – Joint Program on Geothermal Energy (EERA-JPGE)
• Norwegian Centre for Geothermal Energy (CGER)
› NEXT-Drill project – Deep Hard Rock Drilling
› H2020 project GeoWell – Risk assessment
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NEXT-Drill project background
› NEXT-Drill: Numerical-EXperimental Technology platforms for cost effective deep hard rock Drilling
› Objectives:
1. Identify technology gaps and knowledge needs for reducing drilling costs in hard rock
2. Improved understanding of hard rock fracturing and interaction between drillbits and rock
3. Develop a numerical and experimental framework that will enable industrial design of the next-generation drill tools
› Main motivation: Drilling cost
• Well construction 30-75 % of total geothermal cost
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NEXT-Drill partners
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R&D Team
Public funding (75% Research Council of Norway)
Industry partners
International collaborationMines ParisTech; France
TUT; Finland
TU Clausthal; Germany
University of Minnesota, University of Purdue; USA
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Rate of penetration for percussive drilling
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Rock Meso-models
(FEM, SPH)
Rock material
Characterization of behaviour: effect
of pressure, temperature, rate,
fracture…
Macro-models
Analytical/numerical
predictions:
parametrical study
ROP = f(frequency, WOB,
RPM, pressure,…)
Tool/rock interaction
Characterization of bit/rock interaction laws:
effect of repetition, indexation, cleaning,
impact energy, rate, pressure…
EXPERIMENTS SIMULATIONS
Dynamic systems
Middle- and full-scale: assess the performance of
percussive system in terms of ROP and BRI
Tool/Rock Meso-
models
Validation and extension out
of laboratory ranges
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Drillbit life – Methodology and approach
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Atomistic modelling
DFT: Energy of interface
separation
Microstructure
characterization
SEM and EBSD observations, nano-
indentation, micro in-situ tests
Continuum material & Structural
Modelling
Damage models
Mechanical and
wear properties
EXPERIMENTS SIMULATIONS
Full-scale (in field)
Drill-bit life assessment
Modelling of microstructureMesh generation
2D 3D
(from picture) (idealized)
Local field information
(degradation
mechanisms)
Virtual tests of macroscopic response
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NEXT-Drill: Hard Rock Drilling Workshops
Hard Rock Drilling workshop, Dec. 2012
Focus: Drilling Technologies/ConceptsHard Rock Drilling workshop, Nov. 2013
Focus: Bit Materials/Tools Hard Rock Drilling workshop, Dec. 2014
Focus: Geothermal Drilling Practice Hard Rock Drilling workshop, Dec. 2015
Focus: Perspectives and Outlook
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Technology roadmap – Focus
› Mature technologies
• Deep drilling in soft formations
• Shallow drilling in hard rock
› Drilling case
• Hard rock (~200 MPa)
• Deep drilling (> 1000 m)
• Harsh environments: High pressure and temperature
› Rock breaking is the single most important factor
• Low penetration rates
• Equipment wear and failure
› Fundamental concerns of rock breaking process:
• How energy is transferred to the rock (breaking the rock)
• Controlling secondary effects (bit wear, drillstring dynamics)
• Cuttings removal
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Routes to improvement, short term
1. Percussive drilling for deeper wells
2. Rotary drilling for increasingly harder rocks
› PDC bits: a step change in drilling performance and cost per distance drilled, compared to roller cone bits
› Improving performance can be expected to give gradual cost reductions
› Changing technology, e.g. to percussive drilling, may potentially be step changing
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Routes to improvement, long term
› Development of “unproven” methods
• E.g. thermal based methods (laser, microwaves, chemical reactions, electric sparks etc.)
• Technology readiness level is low
• Depth is a challenge, e.g. power supply, high pressure
› Development of electrical power from surface to downhole
• Efficiency and robustness
• Powering and direct control of drilling tool
• Traction
• High bandwidth communication (wired pipe)
› EGC 2016 paper for more on this
• “Technology Roadmap for Geothermal Hard Rock Drilling”
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The GeoWell project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 654497
GeoWell: IRIS contributionInnovative materials and designs for long-life high-temperature geothermal wells
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GeoWell: WP6 Risk assessment for geothermal wells
• Development of risk and reliability analysis tools for geothermal wells
• Raise the standard of risk analysis tools for geothermal wells (based on that of oil and gas wells)
• Propose a risk management framework• Protocols, standards (ref. NORSOK)
• Evaluate and manage the risk introduced by new materials and tools developed in WP3 and WP4
• Failure modes, “qualification”
Drilling Completion Production Maintenance P&A
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Oil & gas wells
Geothermal wells
Risk assessment methods for well integrity
Risk assessment methods for well integrity
New methods for very high temperatures?
Approach
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Objectives for risk assessment WP
• Status of risk assessment for geothermal wells
• Transfer risk assessment methods from the oil & gas domain
• Risk assessment methods for high temperature phenomena in geothermal wells
• Propose improvements for European regulations & standards
• Risk and reliability analysis of the new materials and methods developed in the project
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IRIS is aiming for additional H2020 projects
Relevant background
› Practical drilling and well challenges, e.g. cementation, circulation system, new drilling concepts
› Drilling modelling – circulation, pressure, temperature, drillstring… Based on physical models and data gathering
› Hard rock drilling
› New drilling concepts in a real environment
› Challenges associated with “extreme” oil & gas wells –HPHT, extended reach, multilaterals…
› Risk analysis relevant for drilling and well
IRIS strategy related to geothermal
› Natural extension of present drilling and well experience
› Technology transfer from oil & gas to geothermal
› Investigation and testing of new drilling concepts
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Summary and conclusions
› Accessing the geothermal energy is a major challenge (cost issue)
› The Norwegian oil & gas drilling expertise gives us a benefit
› Close collaboration with drilling industry
› From petroleum to geothermal well construction – similarities and differences
› IRIS wants to contribute in the geothermal community
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