geothermal energy reduction emission (yd)pertamina geothermal energy (pge) lahendong, north sulawesi...
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International Climate Change Workshop Wisma Makara 18-19 March 2010
REDUCING EMISSION FROM REDUCING EMISSION FROM GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGEOTHERMAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYGEOTHERMAL ENERGYGEOTHERMAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
Geothermal Laboratory University of IndonesiaDr. Yunus Daud
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Government Policy to Reduce CO2 E i iEmissions
Government commitment for reducing CO2 2
Government commitment for reducing CO2 emission up to 26% in 2020Government Policy for Eletricity Generation Government Policy for Eletricity Generation Crash Program (Phase II) of 10,000 MW where geothermal energy contributes about where geothermal energy contributes about 48% (4,733 MW)
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Wh i h l ?What is geothermal system?3
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Plate Bo ndariesPlate Boundaries
“Ring of Fire”
4
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Plate Tectonic Processes
Spreading Center
Oceanic PlateContinental
Plate
Convection
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GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM MODEL 6
Fumarole
Clay Cap
High T System (> 225 C); Intermediate T System (125-225 C); Low T System (< 125 C)
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Its temperature > 200˚C (more than 2x boiling)Its temperature > 200 C (more than 2x boiling)Geothermal is powerful energy source
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G h l U ili i T h l
1 P G i T h l
Geothermal Utilization Technology8
1. Power Generation Technology2. Direct Uses Technology
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Power Generation Technology
Water Vapor(no smoky emission)
I j i W llProduction Well
Injection Well
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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
Source: Pertamina
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Dry Steam Power Plant Technologyy gy
Utilized for vapor Utilized for vapor dominated geothermal system
Wells produce dry steam steam
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Flash Steam Power Plant Technologygy
Utilized for water Utilized for water dominated geothermal system
Wells produce hot water and small fraction of steam
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Binary Cycle Power Plant Technologyy y gy
Utilized for low Utilized for low temperature geothermal system (T < 125oC)(T < 125oC)
Wells produce hot Working Fluid
Wells produce hot water
Zero emission
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Flash Steam & Binary Cycle Power Plant (PP)
G tTo Steam Turbine
Working Fluid
PPBinary Cycle PP
Steam
Separator
Turbine
Generator
Flash Steam PP
2Ø Fluid
Condenser PumpBrine
Evaporator
Brine
Cooling Tower
Make‐upWater Pump
Brine
ProductionWells
ReinjectionWells
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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF GEOTHERMAL DIRECT USES
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CO i i f G h lCO2 Emission from Geothermal Energy24
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CO2 Emissions Comparison(lbs/MW-hr)(lbs/MW-hr)
2000Coal
1500Naturalgas
Oil
1000 gas
500
Geothermal
Source EIA 1998; Bloomfield and Moore 1999
0
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CO2 Emission from Various Types of Power Plants
26
Power Plants
(Hunt, 2000)
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Geothermal Characteristics
Clean energy (low CO2 emission)
27
Clean energy (low CO2 emission)Environmentally friendly
SustainableSustainableRenewable
Supporting World Emission Reduction
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G h l i d iGeothermal Resources in Indonesia28
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Geothermal Distribution in Indonesia29
Total Geothermal Area: 253 locationsTotal Potential: 27,140 MWe
Non‐volcanic geothermal systemTotal Potential: 27,140 MWe geothermal system
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E i ti G th l P d ti AExisting Geothermal Production Areas
No. Developer LocationInstalled Capacity
(MW)
1 PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) Sibayak, North Sumatera 12
2 JOC PGE - Chevron G. Salak, Ltd G. Salak, West Java 375
3 JOC PGE - Star Energy Geothermal, Ltd Wayang Windu, West Java 227
4 PT P t i G th l E (PGE) K j W t J 2004 PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) Kamojang, West Java 200
5 JOC PGE - Chevron G. Indonesia, Ltd Darajat, West Java 255
6 PT. Geo Dipa Energi DTT.Dieng, Central Java 60
7 PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) Lahendong, North Sulawesi 60 *
1,189
* Power capacity of 10 MW from Lahendong Geothermal Power Plant Unit III is running behind schedule
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Sibayak ‘95 Dieng ‘02 Lahendong ‘01 Geothermal Power Plant1 2 3yReserve, 170 MWProduction, 12 MW
gReserve, 580 MWProduction, 60 MW
gReserve, 175 MWProduction, 60 MW
Geothermal Power PlantTotal Capacity: 1189 MW
1 2 3
4 5 6 7
Gunung Salak ‘94Reserve, 600 MW
Production, 375 MW
Wayang Windu ‘99Reserve, 385 MW
Production, 227 MW
Darajat ‘94Reserve, 432 MW
Production, 255 MW
Kamojang ‘83Reserve, 333 MW
Production, 200 MW
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Geothermal Contribution on 10,000 MW Power Development Acceleration Program Phase II
32
Power Development Acceleration Program Phase II
AREA PLTU PLTGU PLTP PLTA TOTAL
JAVA - 1.200 2.137 1.000 4.337OUTSIDE JAVA 2.616 240 2.596 174 5.626
2.616 1.440 4.733 1.174 9.96326% 14% 48% 12% 100%
TOTAL26% 14% 48% 12% 100%
Geothermal P Pl t
Remarks:PLTU : Coal Fired Power PlantPLTGU : Combine Cycle Power PlantPLTP : Geothermal Power Plant
Power Plant
PLTA : Hydro Power Plant
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Development of Geothermal Power Plant 2009 – 2014(Based on Crash Program 10.000 MW Phase II)
No. System 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total1 Java-Bali 117 5 0 330 445 1240 21372 S 0 60 10 440 2 140 228
MW
2 Sumatera 0 60 105 440 275 1405 22853 Sulawesi 0 0 45 60 0 90 1954 Nusa Tenggara 0 5 8 3 20 40 765 Maluku 0 0 0 20 0 20 405 Maluku 0 0 0 20 0 20 40
117 70 158 853 740 2795 4733117 187 345 1198 1938 47331189 1259 1417 2270 3010 5805Installed Capacity
TotalCumulative Development
p y
CurrentCondition
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CDM Potential Based on Crash Program 10,000 MW Phase IIin Geothermal Sectorin Geothermal Sector
YEARSYSTEM
MW tCO2e/year MW tCO2e/year MW tCO2e/year MW tCO2e/year MW tCO2e/year MW tCO2e/yearJawa Bali 117 702,000 5 30,000 - - 330 1,980,000 445 2,670,000 1,240 7,440,000
SYSTEM2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Sumatera - - 60 360,000 105 630,000 440 2,640,000 275 1,650,000 1,405 8,430,000 Sulawesi - - - - 45 270,000 60 360,000 - - 90 540,000 Nusa Tenggara - - 5 30,000 8 48,000 3 18,000 20 120,000 40 240,000 Maluku - - - - - - 20 120 000 - - 20 120 000 Maluku - - - - - - 20 120,000 - - 20 120,000
Total 117 702,000 70 420,000 158 948,000 853 5,118,000 740 4,440,000 2,795 16,770,000 Cumulative 117 702,000 187 1,122,000 345 2,070,000 1,198 7,188,000 1,938 11,628,000 4,733 28,398,000
Revenue fr CER *) US$ 14,040,000 US$ 22,440,000 US$ 41,400,000 US$ 143,760,000 US$ 232,560,000 US$ 567,960,000
Geothermal development plan until 2014 : 4,733 MWEmission reduction in 2014 : 28,398,000 t CO2Assumption of emission reduction : 6,000 tCO2e/MW/year*) Revenue estimation from CER if 1 CER = US$ 20 (based on JICA study, July 2009)
(ESDM, 2009)
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C l iConclusions35
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Conclusions
Geothermal is clean, renewable and sustainable
36
Geothermal is clean, renewable and sustainable energy that can be utilised for world emission reductionIndonesia commits to reduce emission up to 26% in 2020Following the commitment, Indonesia issued a policy to utilise geothermal energy up to almost 50 % in the 2nd Crash Program for Electricity GenerationThrough this program Indonesia will reduce CO2
i i 28 398 000 CO2 i 2014 emission up to 28,398,000 tCO2 in 2014
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THANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOUREDUCING EMISSION FROM REDUCING EMISSION FROM GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGEOTHERMAL ENERGY
TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
Dr. Yunus DaudE-mail: [email protected], Mobile: 0812-877-2043
Geothermal Laboratory University of Indonesia