german languageto negate the sentence, add nicht immediately in front of the separable prefix or the...
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GERMANLANGUAGE
–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.
American University
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9. Separable and Inseparable Prefix Verbs
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Many German verbs do have prefixes in their infinitive form.
mitfahren, vorfahren, nachfahren, mitbringen, einkaufen, verkaufen
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The verb mitfahren means no longer just to drive (fahren) or mitbringen (to bring). The tiny prefix mit changes the verb’s meaning entirely.
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Please listen to the pronunciation, what do you notice?
fahren - mitfahren vorfahren
schlafen - einschlafen
kaufen - einkaufen: sie kauft ein
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The prefix is stressed. This is not the case for inseparable prefix verbs: verkaufen, wiederholen, to be discussed soon.
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9.1 Separable Prefix Verbs
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9.2 Meaning and Usage
9.3 Negation with nicht
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9.4 Inseparable Prefix Verbs
–––9.5 Jetzt üben wir!
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GERMANLANGUAGE
–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.
American University
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9.1 Separable Prefix Verbs
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Three common prepositions are
mit with vor in front nach after
1. mitfahren 2. vorfahren 3. nachfahren
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Look at the following dialogue. The prefix breaks “up” with the main verb only to return to it when a modal verb comes into play.
These so called drama queens of German verbs.
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Peter fährt zum Oktoberfest nach München. Er will ein paar Tage Urlaub machen. Also Ich fahre mit. Willst du nicht auch mitfahren, Stefan?
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Ich kann nicht mitfahren, viel Spaß!
Kannst du vielleicht nachkommen?
Ja, gerne. Ich komme per Zug nach.
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Verb Conjugation and location of prefix:
A separable prefix verb conjugates just like its base verb, the prefix however does not have one fixed position.
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Wir kaufen im Supermarkt ein. Kommt mit!
Der Test fängt um 9 Uhr an. Kommt pünktlich an!
In the present tense and in the imperative form the prefix gets kicked to the very end of the sentence:
.
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GERMANLANGUAGE
–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.
American University
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9.2 Meaning and Usage
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Frequently used separable prefix verbs and conjugation pattern below
anfangen to start
ankommen to arrive
anrufen to phone
einkaufen to shop
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einschlafen
to fall asleep
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mitbringen to bring along
mitfahren to drive along
mitkommen to come along
zurückkommen to return
vorbereiten to prepare
ausgehen to go out with friends or date
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Present Simple Past Pres./Past Prefect Modal
Ich fange an fing an habe/hatte angefangen will anfangen
Er kommt an kam an ist/war angekommen soll ankommen
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Please make time to review strong verb conjugation tables on a regular basis.
.
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GERMANLANGUAGE
–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.
American University
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9.3 Negation with nicht
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To negate the sentence, add nicht immediately in front of the separable prefix or the past participle of the verb. The -ge of non-prefix verbs in the compound tense (gekauft, gemacht) is between prefix and verb:
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Er kommt nicht wieder. Er ist nicht wiedergekommen.
Sie ruft nicht an. Sie hat nicht angerufen.
.
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GERMANLANGUAGE
–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.
American University
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9.4 Inseparable Prefix Verbs
–––
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As you guessed correctly, here the prefix always remains attached to the verb.
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Beispiel:
Sie bezahlt die Rechnung (check, bill). Er hat bezahlt. Wir müssen bezahlen.
.
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GERMANLANGUAGE
–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.
American University
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9.5 Jetzt üben wir!
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Anworten Sie (no modals). Rewrite in the negative with nicht.
Musst du deine Eltern anrufen?
Ja, ich rufe sie an.
Nein, ich ___________________
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Möchte sie mitfahren?
Ja, sie
_______________________
Willst du sie besuchen?
______________________
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Willst du sie besuchen?
______________________
Können die Schüler anfangen?
_______________________
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Will Simon sein Fahrrad verkaufen?
______________________
Möchtet ihr Salat bestellen?
______________________
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Musst du einkaufen?
_______________________
Will das Baby einschlafen?
_______________________
.