germination of seed.pptx
TRANSCRIPT
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Germination of Seeds
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ys ca c an!es n see n!sdurin! Germination
Germination is the process in which
the embryo!rows into a seedlin!.
"rocess of !ermination.1. The seed absorbs water and air throug
the seed hole, as the embryo needsthem to sur#i#e.
2. The seed swell and causes the testa tosplit.
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3. The radicle !rows downwards into the soil to
form the root The plumule !rows upwards to form a newshoot.4. The seedling continues to absorb food from the
food store until it forms !reen lea#es toproduce its own food by photosynthesis.
5. The cotyledons shrin$ and become smaller as the food they store is used for germination.
In the end, the cotyledons will fall o.
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• 2 types of germinations
a !pigeal "ermination# the cotyledons
are carried abo$e the le$el of thesoil. !g# sword bean seed, castor oilseed.
b %ypogeal "ermination # thecotyledons remain in the soil. !g#mai&e, four'angled bean seed.
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(onditions for seed "ermination
a )ater# to acti$ate the en&ymes to
brea* down the starch in cotyledon. This is to produce maltose forembryo
b +ygen #for cell respiration toproduce energy
c )armth# suitable temperature for
seeds to germinate-3oc '35oc
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/!"!T0TI/! !+(TI+
%e!etati#e reproduction is amethod of
producing new plants using any partof the parent plant, other than the&ower.
arts of the plants that can reproduce$egetati$ely are the root' stem andleaf.
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4.12 /!"!T0TI/! !+(TI+ I 67+)!I"70T8
%e!etati#eparts
Eamples of plants
7ea$es
9ryophyllum 9egonia
:other in law;s tongue
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4.12 /!"!T0TI/! !+(TI+ I 67+)!I"70T8
%e!etati#e
parts
Eamples of plants
oots
(arrot
%e!etati#e"arts
Eamples f "lants
8tem1. 8tem cutting
8ugar (ane Topioca
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4.12 /!"!T0TI/! !+(TI+ I 67+)!I"70T8
/egetati$e
%e!etati#e parts Eamples of plants8tems 2.%ori&ontal stem -runners
8tems
3.9ulb
8pider 7ily
)ater lettuce
+nion
8weet potato
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%e!etati#e parts Eamples of plants
8tems
4. derground8tema hi&omes
(anna 7ily
b Tubers
"inger
otato
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4.12 /!"!T0TI/! !+(TI+ I 67+)!I"70T8
%e!etati#eparts
Eamples of plants
c (orms
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0d$antages +f /egetati$e eproduction
a The new plants grow much faster
b the good characteristics of the parent
plant passed on to the new plantsc oes not re=uires pollination agent
d oes not need fertili&ation as no
gametes are used
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isad$antages of /egetati$eeproduction
a The new plants are one type only
b !$en the bad =ualities of the parentplant are passed on to the newplants
c There is competition of nutrients,space and sunlight between newplants and the parent plants
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0pplication of research on $egetati$e reproduction in agriculture #
1.Tissue culture#
• culti$ation of plant tissues in nutrientmedium in the laboratory to producenew plants.
• most plants cell ha$e the ability togenerate new plants
2.8tem cuttings
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*uestion1. The iagram shows an eperiment to
study the conditions needed forgermination of seeds. Test tubes >,?,7 and : contain green bean seeds in
dierent conditions.
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a)+hat will happen to the !reen
bean seeds in test tube , after oneday
b)fter / days' the seeds in test
tubes 0 and 1 do not not!erminate. Eplain why thishappens.
c) +hat should be done so that the!reen bean seeds in test tube 0will !erminate
d)State what will happen to the
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nswer
a They germinateb There is no water in the test tube >
and no air in test tube ?
c 0dd waterd adicle# becomes roots
lumule # 9ecomes the shoots