gerunds and infinitives
DESCRIPTION
Descripción de como usar el gerundio y el infinitivo en Inglés.TRANSCRIPT
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GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES.GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES.By Teacher:By Teacher:
RAFAEL PERNETT LEDESMA.RAFAEL PERNETT LEDESMA.
Chimichagua - Cesar
Institución Educativa Institución Educativa ““Cerveleón Padilla Lascarro”.Cerveleón Padilla Lascarro”.
20102010
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Some verbs can be followed by the infinitive with toto or the –ing–ing form.
The meaning is usually the same.
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It is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing“.
Walkinging
Talkinging
Thinkinging
Listeninging
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You can use it as:The subject:
Reading helps you learn English.
The complement:
Her favorite hobby is reading.
The object of a sentence:
I enjoy reading.
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Can be made negative by adding "not". Examples:
• He enjoys not working.
• The best thing for your health is not smoking.
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Are the "toto" form of the verb
ToTo Walk
ToTo Talk
ToTo ThinkThink
ToTo ListenListen
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You can use it as:The subject:
To learn is important.
The complement:
The most important thing is to learn.
The object of a sentence:
He wants to learn.
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Can be made negative by adding "not".
Examples:
• I decided not to go.
• The most important thing is not to give up.
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Both gerunds and infinitives can be used as the subject or the complement of a sentence. However, as subjects or complements, gerunds usually sound more like normal, spoken English, whereas infinitives sound more abstract.
If this sounds confusing, just remember that 90% of the time, you will use a gerund as the subject or complement of a sentence.
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Examples:Examples:• Learning is important.
NORMAL SUBJECT.
• To learn is important. ABSTRACT SUBJECT - LESS COMMON.
• The most important thing is learning. NORMAL COMPLEMENT.
• The most important thing is to learn. ABSTRACT COMPLEMENT - LESS COMMON.
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As the object of a sentence, it is more difficult to choose between a gerund or an infinitive.
In such situations, gerunds and infinitives are not normally interchangeable.
Usually, the main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an infinitive.
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•He enjoys swimming.
"ENJOY" REQUIRES A GERUND.
•He wants to swim.
"WANT" REQUIRES AN INFINITIVE.
Examples:Examples:
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Some verbs are followed by gerunds as objects. List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds.
Examples:
• She suggested going to a movie.
• Mary keeps talking about her problems.
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Some verbs are followed by infinitives. List of Verbs Followed by Infinitives.
Examples:
• She wants to go to a movie.
• Mary needs to talk about her problems.
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Remember . . .Remember . . .
Only gerunds can be the object of a preposition.
Example:
• We are talking about writing in English.
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It is often difficult to know when to use a gerund and when to use an infinitive. These guidelines may help you: • Gerunds are often used when actions are real, concrete or completed.
Example:
I stopped smoking.
(The smoking was real and happened until I stopped.)
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Infinitives are often used when actions are unreal, abstract, or future:
Example:
I stopped to smoke.
(I was doing something else, and I stopped; the smoking had not happened yet.)
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• BOLTON, David and GOODEY, Noel. English Grammar in Steps. Richmond Publishing. London, 2003.
• http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/index.htm
• http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/gerinf.htm
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