GET OUT YOUR PERIODIC TABLE AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER STUDY GUIDE

1. Who is Mendeleev and what did he do for science?

Russian chemist 1st person to arrange the elements into

an organized format Called it the periodic table because he

noticed repeating patterns of physical and chemical properties

Arranged the elements according to their atomic mass

2. Who is Moseley and what did he do for science?

Britist scientist Rearranged the periodic table according

to atomic number The number of protons in each atom

3. Describe the three types of elements found in the periodic table

Metals Shiny, ductile, malleable, good conductors

of heat and electricity, found to the left of the zig zag line

Non metals Dull, brittle, poor conductors of heat and

electricity, found to the right of the zig zag line

Metalloids Semi-conductors, have properties of both

metals and non-metals, found on the zig zag line

4. What are the four pieces of information you can gain about an element from its entry box on the periodic table?

Element name Element symbol Atomic number (# of protons) Mass number

Periods 7 of them, going from top to bottom

5. What are the horizontal rows called and how many of them are there?

6. What are the vertical columns called and how many of them are there? Groups There are 18, going from left to right

Groups Because all members of a group have the

same number of valence electrons

7. Do elements in periods or groups all have similar chemical properties?

8. What are the electrons in the outermost energy level called? Valence electrons

According to the group number Group 1has 1v.e. Group 2 has 2 v.e. Group 13 has 3 v.e. Group 16 has 6 v.e. Etc…

8!!

9. How can you tell how many valence electrons an element will have without looking at a picture of the atom?

10. What is the “magic” number of valence electrons that all atoms want to have?

11. Describe each of the following groups of elements.

Alkali metals Group 1, most reactive metals, 1 valence

electron Transition metals

Groups 3-12, 1 or 2 valence electrons Halogens

Group 17, most reactive non metals, 7 valence electrons, combine with alkali metals to form salts

Noble gases Group 18, completely unreactive, 8 valence

electrons

12. Looking at the periodic table entry provided, fill in the blanks

What is the atomic number? How many protons does one atom of

nickel have? How many electrons does one atom of

nickel have? What is the atomic mass? How many electrons does one atom of

nickel have?

282828

5931

13. Draw an atom of aluminum, which has an atomic number of 13

14. How many valence electrons does it have?

3

15. An atom of _______ is shown below. Explain how you know

NITROGEN

You know it is nitrogen because there are 7 electrons, so there must be 7 protons in the nucleus which means the atomic number is 7

16. What happens to atomic mass as you move left to right or top to bottom on the periodic table? Mass increases

Happening at regular intervals

Describe the way matter looks

Color, shape, odor, texture, flexibility, strength, mass, volume, density

17. What does periodic mean?18. What doe physical properties do?

19. What are 4 examples of physical properties?

20. What is density? How much matter is in a given space

Golf balls are solid while ping pong balls are hollow, but they are the same size Golf balls have more mass stored in the

same amount of space

The one at the bottom – the most dense has the most mass, so it will sink

21. Why is a golf ball more dense than a ping pong ball?

22. Which liquid is the most dense in a density column?

D = m/v (density = mass divided by volume)

M = D x V Remember the magic triangle!

23. What is the formula for finding density?

24. What is the formula for finding mass if you know density and volume?

MD V

25. What is a physical change? A change that only affects matter’s appearance

Melting ice, ripping paper, dissolving salt in water

Something that describes how matter can chance into a new substance

Flammability, reactivity, combustibility, oxidation

26. Give 3 examples of physical changes

27. What is a chemical property?

28. What are 4 examples of chemical properties?

29. What is the difference between a chemical and a physical property?

Physical properties can be observed with your senses

Chemical properties must be tested for

When a substance combines with another to form one or more new substances

Burning a match, mixing baking soda and vinegar, blowing something up

30. What is a chemical change?

31. Give 3 examples

32. How are chemical changes different from physical changes?

Physical changes are easily reversible because they do not change what the matter is

Chemical changes are not reversible because they do change what the matter is

Glass breaking Rusting nail Melting ice cream Frying an egg

33. Are these physical or chemical changes?physical

chemical

physical

chemical

Does not change the original matter, can go back to it

Changes the original matter, cannot go back to it