get vitamin d handout quiz #1 opens today and is available until monday 4/9 at 11pm bone tissue
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• get Vitamin D handout
• Quiz #1 opens today and is available until Monday 4/9 at 11pm
Bone Tissue
Quiz information• 6 quizzes during the quarter• 5 questions worth 2 points each = 10 points total• Available Tuesday’s at 3pm until the following
Monday at 11pm• No make ups!!• Clinical cases with multiple choice answers• No time limit, open as many times as you want,
change your answers – until you “SUBMIT”• You need to “SUBMIT” the quiz• After quiz closes, answers, scores and feedback
will be available
Tissue type?
Cell type?
Type of epithelium?
Where is it found(one example)?
Tissue type (be specific)?
To do list for today
• functions of the skeleton• bone shapes• general features of bone – parts• bone histology = cells + matrix• structural disorders of bone
• osteoporosis • introduction to skeleton
• bone markings• appendicular skeleton
long short flat irregular
Show bones
Fig. 6.2a(TE Art)Epiphysis
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Spongy boneEpiphyseal line
Compact bone
Medullary cavity
Endosteum
Articular cartilage
Periosteum
Articular cartilage
Fig. 6.2b(TE Art)
Compactbone
SpongyBone(diploe)
Suture
periosteum
endosteum
osteon
Central canal
trabeculae
Perforating canal
Perforating fibers
Compact boneSpongy boneBone marrow
Osteoprogenitor
** osteocyte **
** Osteoblast **
Bone cells
canaliculi
Stem cells
osteoclast
Bone dissolving macrophages** Osteoclast **
Why dissolve bone??
Bone matrix
• 1/3 organic = flexibility• collagen• protein-carbo complexes
• 2/3 inorganic = strength• calcium phosphate salt• magnesium, sodium, potassium…
Calcium and vitamin D• need vitamin D to absorb calcium in the small intestine• need UV to make vitamin D• rickets = deficient vit D, soft bones
Shell-less chickno calcium, no ossified bone
Bone deposition = resorption
Osteoporosis = porous bones
• decreased deposition• increased resorption• spongy bone affected
• bones become brittle• women > men
• less bone mass• lose it earlier & faster• decrease in estrogen
• build bone mass 25-40!
Drink milk?
What about my latte milk?Does that count?
Things that affect bone resorption or deposition:• steroids – reduce osteoblast activity, lower Ca absorption• estrogen & testosterone – increase osteoblast activity• caffeine – binds Ca so it’s excreted• smoking – decrease osteoblast production, impairs Ca absorption, interferes with ERT
www.pdrhealth.com/
Osteoporosis and Anatomy….
Areas with more spongy bone
kyphosis
“To name all of our
bones!”
Fig. 7.1(TE Art)SkullFrontal bone
Clavicle
Maxilla
Parietal bone
Mandible
Temporal boneOccipital boneMandible
Humerus
Femur
Tibia
Calcaneus
Fibula
UlnaRadius
ScapulaClavicleScapula
Vertebral columnPelvic girdle
Patella
Metacarpal bones Carpus
Tarsus
Thoraciccage
SternumRibs
Phalanges
Metatarsal bones Phalanges
Zygomatic boneaxial
appendicular
Crest
LineLinea aspera
Head
Trochanters
Epicondyles
CondylesBones remodel when stressesare placed on them!
Appendicular skeleton
• Identify bone 1, 2, 3 & 4
• The humerus is ____________ to the radius.
• The radius is ____________ to the ulna (anatomical position).
• List the bones that articulate with the humerus.
Anatomical position??
12
3
4
Fig. 8.4(TE Art)OlecranonOlecranon
Anterior Posterior
Head ofradius
Head ofradius Neck ofradius
Styloidprocess
Neck ofradius
Styloidprocess
Styloid processArticular facets
Head of ulna
Interosseousmembrane
UlnaRadius
Trochlear notch
The Axial Skeleton
• Bones of the skull• parts of the skull• sinuses• development of skull
• Vertebral column• curves• vertebrae & discs• C1 & C2
• Thoracic cage• parts• ribs• bony landmarks
Axial skeleton
cranial
facial
Fig. 7.4a(TE Art)
Parietal boneFrontal bone
Sphenoid bone
Temporal bone
Mandible
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
Zygomatic boneMaxilla
Occipital bone
Mandibular condyle
Styloid processMastoid process
Fig. 7.3(TE Art)
Parietal bone
Frontal bone
Lacrimal bone
Vomer
Mandible
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid boneNasal bone
Nasal conchaeZygomatic bone
Maxilla
Temporal bone
Fig. 7.5a(TE Art)Zygomatic bone
External occipitalprotuberance
Foramen magnum
Carotid canal
Palatine bone
Temporal bone
Occipital bone
Parietal bone
Occipital condyle
Vomer
Nasal choana
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Sinuses
Mucous membrane: pseudostratified columnar epithelium, ciliated, goblet cells
(Sphenoid)
Skull changes over time
Mandible without teeth
Fig. 7.31(TE Art)Coronal suture
Lambdoid sutureSquamous suture
Anterior fontanel
Sagittal sutureParietal bone
Posterior fontanel
Sphenoidbone
MandibleSphenoid fontanel
SpineVertebral columnBackbone
Normal and abnormal curves of the vertebral column
Spinous process
Transverseprocess
Body
Nucleus pulposus
Annulus fibrosus
Intervertebral disc
posterior
Annulus fibrosus = fibrocartilage
Herniated disc (slipped disc)
C1 or Atlas
C2 or Axis
Transverseforamen
Superior articularfacet
Dens
C1- occipital condyle• nodding “yes”
C1- C2 via dens• rotation “no”
View?
Ribs & thoracic vertebraearticulations
Summary….
• Please go over joint movements!!
• Think about a joint injury you’ve had (sprained ankle, knee or wrist). How did you do it? What happened to that joint after the injury?