getty vocabularies and lod conversion

THE GETTY VOCABULARIES

A Brief Overview & Linked Open Data

Patricia Harpring Managing Editor, Getty Vocabulary Program

Revised October 2014Patricia Harpring © 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright

www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/index.html

For basic information on vocabularies, see Introduction to Controlled Vocabularies(Harpring, Baca editor, revised 2013) and its bibliography

Patricia Harpring © 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute.

AAT TGN ULAN CONA

What Are the Getty Vocabularies?

www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/index.html

Patricia Harpring © 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright

What are the Getty vocabularies? Catherine wheel or rose window? Mona Lisa or La Gioconda?

The AAT, TGN, ULAN and CONA contain multilingual terminology and other related data to describe o visual art, architecture, other cultural heritage works, conservation,

archaeology, archival materials, visual surrogates, and related bibliographic materials


Getty vocabularies are valued as authoritative o Grow through contributions from expertso Contributors and sources are cited

Compiled, merged, edited, and published by the Getty Vocabulary Program and our technical team

Data is made available in various ways: via online searching; relational tables, XML format, Web services APIso Now as Linked Open Data: structured and published to make it openly

accessible and shareable on the Semantic Web Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-By) v1.0 Allows sharing, creation, adaptation of data with attribution


Getty vocabularies are thesauri compliant with national (NISO) and international (ISO) standards for thesaurus construction

They are compliant with / map to other standards: o CDWA (Categories for the Description of Works of Art)o CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects)o VRA Core (Visual Resources Association core categories)o LIDO (Lightweight Information Describing Objects)o CIDOC CRM (CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model) (ISO 21127:2006)o etc.


Features that allow the Getty vocabularies to be used in cataloging, retrieval, and linking

o Each Getty vocabulary record, each term, and other data are identified by unique numeric IDs

o Many other fields are controlled by lookup lists o The vocabularies are linked to each othero The vocabularies share a core data structure


Scope and Contentof the Getty Vocabularies

AAT TGN ULAN CONA


• AAT is multilingual; large translation projects are underway

• Conceptually organized from terms to describe abstract concepts to generic terms for concrete, physical artifacts

• Facets are the upper levels of the AAT structure• AAT is not organized by subject matter or discipline

AAT, the Art & Architecture Thesaurus®Generic terms for describing art and architecture (fine art, built works, decorative arts, other material culture, visual surrogates, archival materials, archaeology, and conservation) (e.g., oil paintings, Baroque, lithographers, sintering). Current totals: 36,000 records; 245,000 terms


AAT, the Art & Architecture Thesaurus®

Objects Facet .... Furnishings and Equipment ........ Containers ............ culinary containers ................ <vessels for serving / consuming food> .................... rhyta

hierarchical

associative

stirrup cupscoaching glasseshunting glasses

sturzbechersSturzbecherstortebekers distinguished

from

rhytarhytonrhytonsrhearheonrheonsritón

equivalence

Thesaural relationships


Sample record

ID: 300132869

Terms: bobbin lace (pref, en) bone lace (en) cushion lace (en) 梭心蕾絲 (zh) 線軸編織花邊 (zh) kloskant (nl) dentelle aux fuseaux (fr) encaje de bolillos (es) encaje de bolillo (es) Klöppelspitze (de) Klöppelspitzen (de)

Associative Relationshipsrequires ... lace pillows (<textile

fabricating tools and equipment>...Objects Facet) [300132869]

.Objects Facet

... Visual & Verbal Communication

..... Visual Works

....... visual works (works)

......... <visual works by material >

........... needlework (visual works)

............. lace (needlework)

............... bobbin lace

Note: With "needle lace," one of two primary types of handmade lace. It is characterized by being made by ...

Chinese (traditional) ..... 與「針織蕾絲（needle lace）」同為主要的手工蕾絲，其特色是以纏繞於線軸或梭心...

Dutch ..... Een van de twee belangrijkste soortenmet de hand vervaardigde kant; 'naaldkant' is ...

German ..... Zusammen mit der “Nadelspitze” eine der wichtigsten...

Spanish ..... Junto a "encaje a aguja", uno de los dos tipos principales de …

Contributors: VP,CHIN,AS,RKD,IfM-SMB-PK,CDPB-DIBAMSources: Earnshaw, Clabburn, Needleworker's Dictionary (1976); Identification of Lace, 2d ed. (1984); Ginsburg, Illustrated History of Textiles (1991)

AAT, the Art & Architecture Thesaurus®

Hierarchical Relationships (poly)

Images by be under additional copyright


• Getty Conservation Institute (Los Angeles, California)

• Academia Sinica (Nankang, Taiwan)

• Netherlands Institute for Art History (RKD: Bureau AAT) (The Hague, The Netherlands)

• Centro de Documentación de Bienes Patrimoniales(Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos) (Santiago, Chile)

• Staatliche Museen zu Berlin Preussischer Kulturbesitz(Berlin, Germany)

• [Canadian Heritage Information Network (CHIN) (Gatineau, Quebec, Canada), Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo e la Documentazione (Rome, Italy)(ICCD)] and other contributors of partial translations; future translations in French, Italian, Portuguese, other languages

TGN, the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names®Names, other information for current & historical administrative places (cities, nations, empires) and physical features (e.g., Firenze, Roman Empire, Ganges River). Current totals: 1,241,000; 1,800,000 names

• It includes formerly inhabited places, archaeological sites, and historical places with unknown exact locations (i.e., “lost settlements”)

• It focuses on places important to study of art and related disciplines

• It grows through contributions from large national geographic databases, the expert user community, archaeology projects, scholars, etc.


Sample record

TGN, the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names®

Place TypesHierarchical Rels. (polyhier.)

Associative Rels

AAT


• ULAN includes current and historical associative relationships (e.g., student-teacher, firm-member)

• Contributions to ULAN are from experts (museums, art libraries, cataloging projects, etc.)

• ULAN contributes to the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) (joint project with US Library of Congress and numerous libraries worldwide to combine name authority)

ULAN, the Union List of Artist Names®Names, other information for people (artists, patrons, sitters) and corporate bodies (repositories, studios) related to the design, creation, patronage, collection, conservation, etc. of art, architecture, and other cultural materials (e.g., Bartolo di Fredi, Santa Eufemia Master, National Palace Museum)Current totals: 223,000 records; 582,000 names


ULAN, the Union List of Artist Names®


Within the last several years the scope has grown to include “Non-Artists” (e.g., sitters and patrons) and “Unknown People by Culture” (e.g., unknown Aztec) [different from anonymous masters, e.g., Santa Eufemia Master]The newest facet is “Unidentified Named People”

For the most part, includes people named in original sources, such as archival documents and inventories

Their name or partial name is known, they are linked to the document (if linked to a work, the work is often unidentified), but their biography is unknown and thus they cannot be associated with a known person or anonymous personality

Sample record

ULAN, the Union List of Artist Names®

ID: 500115493

Names: Dürer, Albrecht (pref,de,en) Albrecht DürerDuerer, Albrecht (en) Durer, Albrecht (en) Du rero, Alberto (it) Durerus, Albertus (la) Direr, Albreht Djurer, Albrecht Dyu ra, AlbrechtDirers, Albrehts Alberto Duro Tedesco デューラー, アルブレヒト (ja) 阿尔布雷希特·丢勒 (zh)

Nationalities: German (pref) Bavarian

Roles: artist (preferred) painter printmaker engraver (printmaker) woodcutter draftsman illustrator designer mathematician theorist portraitist religious artist

Gender: male

Birth and Death Places: Born: Nuremberg (Bavaria, Germany) (inhab place)Died: Nuremberg (Bavaria, Germany) (inhab place)

Events: active: Nuremberg (Bavaria, Germany) (inhab pl) active: Venice (Veneto, Italy) (inhabited place)

Associative Relationships:apprentice of Wolgemut, Michael; 1486 to 1489 ..............(German painter, printmaker, 1434/1437-1519) child of Dürer, Albrecht, the elder .............(German goldsmith, 1427-1502) founder of ...Albrecht Dürer Workshop ............. (German workshop, established 1495)patron was ...Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor ............. (Roman emperor, 1459-1519)

Contributors: VP,JPGM,Avery,WCI,Prov,GRLPSC,BHA,CCASources: Bartrum, Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy (2002); Bénézit, Dictionnaire des Peintres (1976; Bartsch, Le peintre graveur.


AATTGNAAT


• It includes works executed or designed (e.g., a built work for which only design drawings exist); extant or destroyed / historical

• CONA is a thesaurus; it is mapped to CDWA, CCO, CIDOC CRM, and LIDO

• CONA grows through contributions from repositories of art and the expert cataloging and scholarly community

CONA, the Cultural Objects Name Authority®Titles, other information for moveable works (paintings, sculpture, prints, drawings, photographs, ceramics, etc.) and architecture (buildings, bridges, etc.) (e.g., Hagia Sophia, Mona Lisa, Fantastic Landscape with a Pavilion). Current totals: [5,500 records; 9,300 titles]


The Simplified entity-relationship diagram for CONA is the same as CDWA / CCO

AAT

ULAN

TGN

IconographyAuthority

CONA (Work Records) Source Records


What is a minimum record for contribution?

Core elementsCatalog Level ClassificationWork TypeTitleCreatorCreation DateSubjectCurrent LocationMeasurementsMaterials

Catalog Level itemClassification paintingsWork Type painting (visual work)

scroll (information artifact)Title Scene of Early Spring

宋郭熙早春圖軸Creator Guo Xi (Chinese painter, 1023 - ca.1085 CE)Creation Date 1072 CESubject (general) landscape (specific) | spring (season) | trees pine (genus) | streamsCurrent Location National Palace Museum (Taipei, Taiwan) ID: 000053N000000000Measurements 158.3 x 108.1 cmMaterials painted scroll | ink | silk | paper

CONA, the Cultural Objects Name Authority®


* Instructions are available to contributors for defaults when core data is unavailable

Under discussion are the possible applications of CONA:

Perhaps in the future

• CONA can merge information from various sources and contributors about a given architectural or movable work, and provide a unique ID for that work in LOD• Information from the repository of a work will be preferred (e.g., attribution), but

other opinions and additional information of scholars could be included

• CONA could be a resource to link the Getty vocabularies to records for art and architecture (in LOD, ingested, or otherwise made available)

• CONA could link subject terminology to art and architecture records

• CONA could facilitate linking between works, including works held in different repositories but having historical relationships (e.g., studies, disassembled manuscripts, etc.)



CONA ID: 700000178Catalog Level itemClassification paintingsWork Type panel painting | altarpieceTitle Adoration of the Magi

Adorazione dei Magi (repository title)Creator Bartolo di Fredi (Sienese painter, active by 1353, died 1410)Creation Date ca. 1385 Subject (general) religion and mythology

allegory | human figures(specific) | Adoration of the Magi | Siena | horses | camels | Magi | retinue | Holy Family | Journey of the Magi | gold | frankincense | myrrh | kingship | godship | deathCurrent Location Pinacoteca Nazionale di Siena (Siena, Italy); ID: no. 104Measurements 195 x 158 cm (76 x 61 5/8 inches)Materials tempera on panelContributorsSources

• CONA ID uniquely identifies the work in LOD world• Repository title is flagged, others included• Date of execution is in dispute: The display of the

CONA record prefers the date espoused by the Repository, but the other scholarly opinions are included elsewhere in the record

Images may be under additional copyrightPatricia Harpring © 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only.

CONA merges information from multiple sources in one record

Catalog Level itemClassification vesselsWork Type vaseTitle Blue and White Glazed Globular Vase

明永樂青花龍紋天球瓶Creator unknown ChineseCreation Date 1403/1424 CESubject (general) object (utilitarian) (specific) | animal | dragonCurrent Location National Palace Museum (Taipei, Taiwan) ID: 012547N000000000Measurements 42.9 cm high and 9.7 cm diameter; foot diameter 15.8 cmMaterials blue and white porcelain| porcelain (material) | blue-and-white (ceramic glaze)


CONA could link work records to Getty vocabularies


Images may be under additional copyright

Linking to the AAT and other Getty vocabularies allows the variant terms and other links and information in the AAT, ULAN, or TGN record to be used in retrieval of the work

Sample record


ID: 700001950

Titles:Shiva met de maan in het haar (nl)Shiva with the Moon in his Hair (en)

Catalog Level: item

Work Types:sculpture (visual work)

Classifications:sculpture (preferred)

Creation Date: 1000/1200Creator Display:anoniemsculptor: unknown Chola

Locations:Current: Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands) AK-MAK-1291; RM001.collect.910; Bruikleenvan de Vereniging van Vrienden der Aziatische KunstCreation: Tamil Nādu (India)Materials: bronze foundingDimensions: 40 cm (height) x 24cm (width) x 10.5 (depth)Events: exhibition: Metamorfoze/Geheugenproject Willem Witsen

Cultures:Indian Chola

General Subject:human figure(s) (preferred )religion and mythologySpecific Subjects:Shivá (Hindu iconography)mudrā (pose, <visual and representational concepts>)[link to Iconclass]

Contributors & Sources: [Rijksmuseum;VP]; Rijksmuseum XML filePatricia Harpring © 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only.

TGNULAN

AAT

AAT

AATTGNULANCONACONA IA

AAT

AAT

ULAN Images may be under additional copyright

CONA could link work records to Getty vocabularies


AAT

ULAN

Associative Relationship

TGN

AATTGNULANCONACONA IA

AAT

Patricia Harpring © 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Images may be under additional copyright

Sample record

Koenig, Pierre (American architect, 1925-2004) 500086520

Since CONA is linked to the other vocabularies, it is necessary to match incoming values to the AAT, ULAN, TGN, and CONA Iconography Authority when loaded

The CVA/Processor was developed in-house for editors to use where auto-links are not possible

Such a tool for contributors should be investigated

link to ULAN

CONA record, creator

Patricia Harpring © 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust

Tools to link as data is loaded or processed: Example



Whereas libraries have a tradition of cataloging the subjects of works

Many art museums typically do not index subject matter depicted in / represented by workso [sitters, places, events, iconographical themes, dedication

of certain buildings, etc.]o In a survey conducted of American art museums’ data, of

the core fields (agreed by consensus in CDWA, CCO, etc.), all museums included all core fields except the subject [by OCLC (Online Computer Library Center, a nonprofit computer library service and research organization); core fields per CCO and CDWA (Categories for the Description of Works of Art)]


CONA could link depicted subjects


Index three levels of subject analysisObjective descriptionIdentification of named subjectInterpretation of the meaning or theme

About-nessOf-ness

• For such subject indexing: CONA can link to AAT, TGN, ULAN, CONA itself, and the CONA Iconography Authority

• As well as to other sources for subjects, such as the US Library of Congress authorities and Iconclass (we intend to work closely with Iconclass, a Dutch classification system, www.iconclass.nl/)

CONA could link depicted subjects


Terms for General Subjects (partial list)

• General subject is an extensible controlled list, originally derived from CDWA and CCO• One term for general subject is the minimum required• Additional terms to describe the specific subject are strongly encouraged • How to supply values when missing in large data sets? Title and notes could be mined, parsed,

mapped to vocabularies, checked by editors as necessary

advertising & commercial allegory animalapparel architecture botanicalcartographic ceremonial object cityscapedidactic & propaganda funerary art genrehistory and legend human figure interior architecturelandscape literary theme machinemilitary mixed motif nonrepresentational art

object (utilitarian) performance portraitreligion and mythology seascape still life



Class: photographWork Type: albumen print Title: Lincoln on the Battlefield of Antietam, Maryland, October 2, 1862 Creator/Role: Alexander Gardner (American photographer, 1821-1882)Creation-Date: 1862Current Location: J. Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles, CA), 84.xm.482.1Measurements: 8 5/8 x 7 3/4 in.Materials and Techniques: albumen printDescriptive Note: Twenty-six thousand soldiers were killed or wounded in the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, after which Confederate General Robert E. Lee was forced to retreat to Virginia. Lincoln stands tall, front and center in his stovepipe hat, his erect and commanding posture emphasized by the tent pole that seems to be an extension of his spine...

Depicted Subjects

Generalportraitshistory and legend

SpecificAntietam National Battlefield (Sharpsburg, Maryland, United States) . TGNAmerican Civil War (event) . . . . . . .

CONA IA

Abraham Lincoln (American president, 1809-1865) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ULANJohn McClernand (American Union General, 1812-1900) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ULANAllan Pinkerton (American Secret Service agent, detective, 1819-1884) . ULANarmy camp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AATtents (portable buildings) . . . . . . . . . AAT

Lincoln on the Battlefield of Antietam; albumen print; Alexander Gardner (American photographer, 1821-1882); 1862; 8 5/8 x 7 3/4 inches; J. Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles, CA); 84.xm.482.1Patricia Harpring © 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright


Class: prints and drawingsObject Type: record drawingTitle: Plan and Elevation of the left side of the façade of San Lorenzo, and various other detailsCreator: Aristotile da Sangallo (Italian) after Michelangelo[link] Sangallo, Aristotile da Role: draftsmanDate: late 15th centurySubject*:

architecture San Lorenzo (Florence, Italy)churchfaçadeelevationplan

Measurements: 32.0 x 21.5 cm (12 1/2 x 8 3/8 inches)Material and Technique: pen and sepia inkInscription: Upper center: chiosi grande achoperatione; el tondo tanto grande che / vengha al pari de nichi; Descriptive Note: This is a copy of a design by Michelangelo for the façade.Current Location: Staatliche Graphische Sammlung, Munich, Germany; #33258

Generalarchitecture

SpecificSan Lorenzo (built work, Florence, Italy) . . . . . . . . CONAchurch . . . . . . . . . . . . . AATfaçade . . . . . . . . . . . . . AATelevation . . . . . . . . . . . AATplan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AAT

Plan and Elevation of the façade of San Lorenzo; drawing; Aristotile da Sangallo after Michelangelo; late 15th century; 32.0 x 21.5 cm (12 1/2 x 8 3/8 inches); pen and sepia ink; Staatliche Graphische Sammlung(Munich, Germany) #33258.

Depicted Subjects



Bodhisattva, probably Avalokiteshvara (Guanyin),Northern Qi dynasty (550-577), ca. 550–560. Shanxi

Province, China. sandstone with pigments ; height 13 3/4

ft. (419.1 cm); Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York);

The Sackler Fund, 1965 (65.29.4).

Generalreligion and mythologyhuman figure(s)

SpecificBodhisattva . . . . AATAvalokiteshvara. CONA IAMaitreya . . . . . . . CONA IACompassion . . . . AAT

Depicted Subjects


Includes the proper names of subjects not covered by other Getty vocabularies The CONA Iconography Authority (IA) is a module

within CONA; over time, it could become a stand-alone authority through contributions Includes links to other sources, such as Iconclass

and the US Library of Congress subject authorities

The CONA Iconography AuthorityNamed events, religious/mythological iconography, fictional characters and places, themes from literature

Battle of Little BighornNohochacyumAmunἌμμων ValhöllValhallaPied Piper of HamelinRattenfänger von HamelnShivaSivaXivaिशवAdoration of the MagiAdorazione dei MagiAnbetung der Heiligen

Drei KönigeBambiBattle of SalamisNaumachia tēs Salaminos

Enthronement of Puyi溥儀的登基大典Patricia Harpring © 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute. Images may be under additional copyright

Sample record

ID: 1000085

Names: AvalokiteshvaraAvalokiteśvaraअवलोिकत वर KannonGuanyinGuānzìzài觀自在觀音观音菩萨

AAT link: role/attribute bodhisattva role/attribute Lotus (genus)related to Mahayana Buddhismrelated to Theravada Buddhism

Associative Relationship: associated with .... Krishna (Hindu iconography)

Note: The bodhisattva of infinite compassion and mercy; embodies the compassion of all Buddhas. This bodhisattva is variably depicted and portrayed in different cultures as either female or male…

Contributors & sources[VP] Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-); Bowker, Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1997); Huntington, Art of Ancient India (1985)Iconclass: no LC: LC control no.: sh 85010492

The CONA Iconography Authority

AATTGNULANCONA



• Whole/part relationships for groups, subgroups, items

• CONA can accommodate links that a repository would maintain

Relationships in CONA

The Dissipation; Jacques Callot(French, 1592-1635); etching; Lieure, no. 1407, State ii/iii; National Gallery of Art (Washington, DC); R.L. Baumfeld Collection; 1969.15.833.


CONA could provide links between works

Record Type: setClass: decorative artsWork Type: tea service silverTitle: Traveling tea serviceCreation Location: Paris (France)Creation Dae: 1728/1729Creator: probably by: Martin Berthe, master in 1712Measurements:Overall (Teapot): 10 x 16.8 x 10.3 cm (3 15/16 x 6 5/8 x 4 1/16 in.)Overall (Tea Canister): 9 x 5.9 x 4.9 cm (3 9/16 x 2 5/16 x 1 15/16 in.)Overall (Sugar bowl): 10 cm (3 15/16 in.)Overall (Tea bowl and saucer): 4.9 cm (1 15/16 in.)Overall (Scent flask): 13.7 cm (5 3/8 in.)Overall (Spoons (each)): 11.7 cm (4 5/8 in.)Overall (Box): 15.4 cm (6 1/16 in.)Materials: silver and ebonized wood; porcelain; glass; kingwood; rosewoodInscriptions/Marks: Maker's Mark: a crowned fleur-de-lys, 2 grains, [M]B, a bunch of grapes ? (Dennis 50): Underside. Warden's Mark: 1728-29, a crowned M (Dennis 57): Underside. Charge Mark: 1727-32, an A crowned on the side (Dennis 57): Underside, partially effaced. Discharge Mark: for medium-sized work, 1727-32, a crowned martlet (Dennis 57): Underside. Countermark: 1727-32, a crowned bell (Dennis 343): flange of lid.Description: Traveling tea service consisting of a teapot; tea canister; suagrbowl; teabowl and saucer; scent flask; two spoons; box.Current Location: Museum of Fine Arts (Boston, Massachusetts); Elizabeth Parke Firestone and Harvey S. Firestone, Jr. Collection, 1993; Accession number: 1993.520.1-8Ownership History: By 1955, with Jean-Louis Bonnefoy, Au Vieux Paris, Paris; November 1955, sold by Au Vieux Paris to Elizabeth Parke Firestone (1897-1990) and Harvey S. Firestone, Jr. (1898-1973), Akron, OH and Newport, RI; 1993; gift of the Estate of Elizabeth Parke Firestone and Harvey S. Firestone, Jr. (Accession date: May 26, 1993)

Traveling Tea ServiceTeapot Tea CaddyJapanese Imari Sugar Bowl and CoverChinese Famille- Verte Tea Bowl and SaucerSilver-mounted Scent FlaskTwo SpoonsWooden Box

Traveling tea service; probably Martin Berthe (French silversmith, master 1712); 1728/1729; silver and ebonized wood, porcelain, glass; various dimensions; Museum of Fine Arts (Boston, Massachusetts); 1993.520.1-8

Create separate records when each part of a work contains enough unique information so that it would be difficult to clearly delineate the information in a single recordRepositories decide when separate records may be necessary to manage the works



Cat. Level[controlled]: series Class. [controlled]: prints*Work Type [link to authority]: color woodcuts*Title : Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji: First SeriesAlternate Title: First Series: Mt. Fuji Views*Creator Display: Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760–1849); Published by Eijudo Japan

*Role [controlled]: painter [link]: Hokusai, Katsushika Role: [cont.] publisher [link]: Eijudo Japan*Creation Date 1827-1837 [controlled]: Earliest: 1827 Latest: 1837*Subject [links] Mount Fuji ocean genre scenes meisho-e*Current Location [link to authority]: not applicableStyle: Edo*Measurements: 36 prints, average plate size: 24 x 37 cm

[cont.] Extent: items Value: 36 Unit: N/A Type: countQualifier: average dimensions Extent: plate mark Value: 24 Unit: cm Type: height Value: 37 Unit: cm Type: width

*Materials and Techniques: woodcuts, polychrome ink and color on paper[link] ink color (pigment) paper woodcuts

Description: Hokusai produced two series of Views of Mt. Fuji. This is the first series.

Cat. Level [controlled]: item Class .[controlled]: prints and drawings Asian art *Work Type [link]: color woodcut *Title: Great Wave at Kanagawa

Title: In the Hollow of a Wave off the Coast at Kanagawa Title Type: alternate *Creator Display: Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760-1849); published by Nishimura Eijudo (Japanese, 19th century)*Role [link]: printmaker [link]: Hokusai, Katsushika*Role [link]: publisher [link]: Nishimura Eijudo *Creation Date: ca. 1831/1833 [controlled]: Earliest: 1828 Latest: 1836 *Subject [links]: seascape wave fishermen boat Mount Fuji (Chubu, Japan) Kanagawa (Kanto, Japan) Style [link]: Edo Culture [link]: Japanese *Current Location [link]: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, USA) ID:JP1847 *Measurements: 25.7 x 37.9 cm (10 1/8 x 14 15/16 inches)[controlled]: Value: 25.7 Unit: cm Type: height | Value: 37.9 Unit: cm Type: width *Materials and Techniques: woodcut, polychrome ink and color on paperMaterial [links]: polychrome ink paper color (pigment) Technique [links]: woodcut Description: The large wave dominates the scene, with the small mountain in the background. It is said to have inspired said to have inspired both Debussy's "La Mer" and Rilke's "Der Berg." Relationship:Relationship Type: part ofQualifier: 1st in series[link to Work]: Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760-1849); Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji: First Series; 1827-1837



Whole/Part Records for a series and items (conceptual relationship)

Great Wave at Kanagawa; Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760-1849); published by Nishimura Eijudo (Japanese, 19th century); woodcut, polychrome ink and color on paper; 25.7 x 37.9 cm (10 1/8 x 14 15/16 inches); Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, USA), JP1847.


Record Type: multiplesClassification: prints and drawingsWork Type: drypointsTitle: Christ Presented to the PeopleCreator: Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606–1669)Description: Rembrandt treated this large drypoint almost as a painting, making marked changes to the composition as he reconceived …

Patricia Harpring © 2012 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes. Do not reproduce.



Multiples: For example, prints made from the same plate

Each print is described as a unique item; then linked to a record for the multiples

(conceptual relationship)Images may be under additional copyright

Catalog Level: multiplesClassification: prints and drawingsWork Type: drypointsTitle: Christ Presented to the PeopleCreator: Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606–1669)Description: Rembrandt treated this large drypoint almost as a painting, making marked changes to the composition as he reconceived …

Patricia Harpring © 2012 J. Paul Getty Trust. For educational purposes. Do not reproduce.


Relationships in CONAState: 1 State: 2State: 3State: 4State: 5 State: 6State: 7State: 8

Combine relationships with inferred relationships in other fields to expand research

E.g., to compare different items representing various states of this print

Images may be under additional copyright


Classification architectureWork Type memorialTitles Lincoln MemorialCreator architect Henry Bacon (American, 1866-1924) and sculptor Daniel Chester French (American, 1850-1931)Creation Date designed 1911-1912; constructed 1914-1922Subject (general) architecture(specific) commemoration | Abraham LincolnCurrent Location Washington (DC, USA) Measurements not availableMaterials exterior: Colorado Yule marble, interior walls and columns: Indiana limestone

Work record for a built work describes a physical work

But designs may represent works never constructed (conceptual relationship to a nonexistent work)


CONA, the Cultural Objects Name Authority®Lincoln Memorial

Structure (as built) Competition 1908-1909 Competition 1911-1912

These competition designs are works that were never constructed

(conceptual relationships to a nonexistent work, which had architect and proposed physical characteristics such as materials, measurements, etc.)

Title: Circular Monument for LincolnMaker: architect: Daniel H. Burnham; draftsman: C.B.Date: 1908-1909Location: United States Capitol collection (Washington, DC)

Title: Temple design for the Lincoln MemorialMaker: architect: Henry Bacon; draftsman: Jules GuérenDate: 1912Location: National Archives (Washington, DC)

Burnham’s Circular Design

Bacon’s Temple Design

Title: Temple design for the Lincoln MemorialMaker: architect: John Russell Pope; draftsman: Otto R. EggersDate: 1912Location: National Archives (Washington, DC)

Pope’s Temple Design

Title: Pyramid design for the Lincoln MemorialMaker: architect: John Russell Pope; draftsman: attributed to Rockwell KentDate: 1912Location: National Archives (Washington, DC)

Pope’s Pyramid Design


• CONA could virtually reconstruct disassembled works

• Held in different repositories or locations

• Manuscripts, paintings, sculpture, architecture, etc.




Proposed reconstruction of Matteo di Giovanni’s Asciano Altarpiece by Rachel Billinge. Extant panels are now in National Gallery London, Siena, Asciano, Villa I Tatti, Esztergom, Altenburg, Rhode Island, and Private Collections.

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres; Study for the Dress and the Hands of Madame Moitessier; 1851; graphite on tracing pape; 13 15/16 x 6 5/8 inches; J. Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles, California); 91.GG.79

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres; Madame Moitessier; 1851; Samuel H. Kress Collection, National Gallery of Art (Washington, DC); 1946.7.18

study for

study is

Associative RelationshipsAssociative

relationships may also allow related works in different repositories to be linked for research and discovery






Many complex relationships are possible

Built work – dome –design drawing –record drawing -model

Class: sculptureWork Type: half modelTitle: Half Model for the Dome and Drum for St. Peter’s, Rome Title Type: descriptive

Creators: Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta; Luigi VanvitelliDate: 1558-1561Medium: linden wood, gesso, paintMeasurements: 5 x 4 x 2 m (without modern base) Scale: 1:15Current Location: Musei Vaticani (Vatican City, Italy)Subject: Dome of St. Peter’sRelated Work: Dome of St. Peter’sDescriptive Note: The model was probably completed under the direction of Michelangelo during …

Class: prints and drawingsWork Type: measured drawingTitle: External elevation of the model for St. Peter’s Title Type: descriptiveCreator: circle of Etienne DupéracSubject: •elevation •Model of St. Peter’sRelated Work: Model of St. Peter’sDate: probably late 1560sMedium: brown ink on paperDescriptive Note: Probably done in preparation for the series of …Current Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, New York, USA); 49.92.91

Class: prints and drawingsWork Type: •design drawing •preliminary drawingTitle: Section and Elevation of the Drum and Dome of St. Peter’s

Title Type: descriptiveCreator: Michelangelo (Florentine sculptor, painter, architect, 1475-1564)Date: mid 1550sMedium: incised lines, charcoal with traces of brown ink on paperMeasurements: 270 x 267 cmType, Purpose, Method of Representation:Descriptive Note: This is the only known drawing where…Subject/Built Work: •section •elevation •Dome (St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome)Related Work: Dome (St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome)Relationship type: design forCurrent Location: Musée des Beaux Arts (Lille, France) Collection Wicar, 93-94

part of

study for

model for

depicts

Getty Vocabularies to LOD: Usage and Editorial Perspective

AAT TGN ULAN CONA


How are vocabularies used? • Traditional use of vocabularies for retrieval focuses on the names

• If a user asks for one name/term, all of the synonyms can be used for retrieval

• For example, if a user searches on “Giovanni daBologna”...

“giambologna” OR “giovanni dabologna” OR “giovanni bologna” OR “jean boulogne” OR “bologna, giovanni da”

From ULAN

Giambologna

Giovanni da Bologna

Giovanni Bologna

Jean Boulogne

Jean de Boulogne

Bologna, Giovanni da

GiambolognaFemale Figure; Marble; H: 48 in.; 2008 J. Paul Getty Museum; 82.SA.37

Jean Boulogne; Mercurevolant; Bronze; H 1,7 m; L 0,57m; Pr 1,4 m; Musee du Louvre, Collection du duc de Brissac(saisie en 1794)?; MR

Giovanni Bologna; Triton, 16th century (1560–70); Bronze; H. 36 in; Metropolitan Museum of Art; Bequest of Benjamin Altman, 1913

(14.40.689)

Bologna, Giovanni da; Christ Crucified, probably before 1588; bronze, corpus, height including foot rest: .371 x .254 x .078 m ; National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC; Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John R. Gaines in memory …


• New methods and LOD can incorporate hierarchical and associative relationships, and other links or inferred relationships to answer more complex questions and aid serendipitous discovery

Associative relationships

Tacca, Pietro (Italian sculptor and architect, 1577-1640)

Marie de Medici (French queen, patron, 1573-1642)

Giambologna (Flemish sculptor and architect, 1529-1608, active in Italy)


How are vocabularies used?

The Getty vocabularies have always been compiled by expertso Using authoritative sourceso Rules in extensive editorial manuals

Seen through the LOD lens, any inconsistency or omission becomes ever more obvious

Getty Vocabulary Program analyzes and cleans up of the data for LOD releases

Editorial perspective: LOD

Editorial rules

Consistency in application of rules

Consistency in content of controlled terminology within each vocabulary

Creating actual links between vocabularies


AAT

CONA

TGN

ULAN

• From conceptual to actual links

• Lookup lists had been based on AAT, but had gotten out of sync with AAT over the years

• E.g., nationalities, roles in ULAN and place types in TGN must map to AAT terms



• Nationality/ Culture/ Race/ Ethnicity in ULAN was conceptual, now needed to be linked to AAT

• Certain matches must be resolved by hand

Matching ULAN Nationality to AAT

ambiguous match

no match

Many links cannot be made automatically

This hessianis bad match, type of burlap

false match


ULAN

Example

Patricia HarpringManaging EditorGetty Vocabulary Program

1200 Getty Center DriveLos Angeles, CA 90049

[email protected]

A Brief History of the Project

October 21, 2014

Joan CobbIT Specialist Project Manager

Getty Information Technology Services

August 2010

November 2011© 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust, author: Joan Cobb .For educational purposes only. Do not distribute.

Dresden, September 2014

January 2013

Curriculum Vitae: http://marciazeng.slis.kent.edu/vita.htm

Dr. Marcia Lei ZengProfessor, School of Library and Information Science

Kent State University


http://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=rhyta&logic=AND&note=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300198841


Provide proof that the concept for “rhyta” in AAT could be represented as LOD without losing any of its rich content.

• Unique and persistent term IDs

• Languages are attributes of term

• Same term in multiple languages

• Parts of speach


For the full list see “Crosswalk by Concept”http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/crosswalk_aat_assoc_rels.pdf


Hierarchical

Associative

• Multiple parents• Multiple other relationships


Chinese

Dutch

Spanish

German

• Subject• Created• Updated• Term added• Term deleted• Note created• Note updated• Moved• Parent added• Relation deleted• Merged• Issued

• Source• Created• Updated• Merge

Obsolete Subjects• When, for some reason the

concept is deleted, we also provide continuity.


• The way data is being published on the web is currently in transition.

• A current trend in managing art information is to increasingly make data about art, architecture, and cultural objects available as Linked Open Data.

• This applies to the information directly describing the objects, but also to the vocabularies used in the descriptions.

• For several years, the Getty Vocabulary team had been receiving legitimate requests to publish our thesauri as LOD.

• Dr. Zeng’s 62-page report convinced us that it was possible to publish all of our data as LOD. It was time to stop asking “why” and to start exploring “how” to make it happen.


Finally, our time had come!


Some facts and links that helped us take the leap into the LOD world


• Tim Berners-Lee TED Talk• http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_the_year_open_data_went

_worldwide.html

• Europeana Video• Sometimes a picture is worth a thousand words – in this case, it’s a video• http://vimeo.com/36752317

• Several sessions with Pedro Szekely• Helped us to understand the publishing process• http://www.isi.edu/integration/karma/

• Eero Hyvönen’s book• Publishing and Using Cultural Heritage Linked Data on the Semantic Web


• Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)• Hosted by OCLC (Online Computer Library Center)• http://www.viaf.org/

• Semantic Technology & Business Conference• http://semtechbizsf2013.semanticweb.com/agenda.cfm?confid=70&sche

duleDay=PRINT

• Linked Open Data in Libraries Archives and Museums (LODLAM)• http://lodlam.net/

• R2RML mapping language• http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/wiki/R2RML• http://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/


Vocabulary Coordination System (Oracle RDBMS)

R2RML + Perl

NT Files

OWLIM Triple Store

vocab.getty.edu/sparql

Internet

© 2014 J. Paul Getty Trust, author: Gregg Garcia. For educational purposes only. Do not distribute.

To offer the Getty Vocabularies as Conduits to connect resources


AAT

TGN

Plac

e Ty

pes

ULANRoles

Nationalities

Event Terms

CONAEvent Places

Art

ist,

Cre

ator

Repo

sito

ry


http://vocab.getty.edu


AATA Online

GettyMuseum

Provenance Index

Getty WideSearch

The Getty Vocabularies acts as a conduit to connect the projects to each other.


Chinese AAT

VIAF

SpanishAAT

German AAT

DutchAAT

Arches

LCSH

SwissAAT

Project

Contributing Institution

CONAMapping

Tool

CONA ValidationApplication

CONAInterim XML

CONAXML

AAT TGN ULAN CONA

Editorial System (VCS)

ULANXML

TGNXML

AATXML

AAT TGN ULAN CONA

vocab.getty.edu

Bi-weekly LOD Publication

Ability to Synchronize Links

A contribution to CONA is a contribution to all 4 vocabularies

General information site• Target audience: Anyone interested in

general information about the project• http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/lod

/index.html


SPARQL Endpoint• Target audience: Developers and

programmers who are interested in consuming the data

• http://vocab.getty.edu/

February 2014


August 2014

In the first few days1,700 hits / over 200 tweets


EADitor

Ethan GruberUS Numismatic Society

Nomisma.orgKerameikos.org


Visualizing Hierarchies with d3js

Matthew Lincolnhttp://matthewlincoln.net/2014/02/21/hierarchies-of-the-getty.html


Visualization of AAT "Rhyta" on en.lodlive.ithttp://en.lodlive.it/?http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300198841


Getty Vocabularies as LOD

A major 2014 milestone for the LODLAM community

LODLAM: Linked Open Data in Libraries Archives and Museums


http://www.partage-plus.eu/

Partage Plus Digitising and Enabling

Art Nouveau for Europeana


http://pro.europeana.eu/pro-blog/-/blogs/2293682

Indexing Plugin for Adobe BridgeGreg Reser -UC, San Diego Library



Athanasios Velios

Ligatus

University of theArts London

https://www.drupal.org/sandbox/avelios/2328571

DIGIMUS

AAT Classification

Astrolabe


Academia Sinica

Digitization of the works of

Chengpo Chen (1895-1947)

Using AAT LOD to bridge between the descriptions of the artworks in the Chen collection and those in other collections in the world.


Union List of Artist Names (ULAN)

Cultural Objects Name Authority (CONA)


Joan CobbIT Specialist Project Manager

Information Technology Services

1200 Getty Center DriveLos Angeles, CA 90049

[email protected]


getty vocabularies and lod conversion

Art & Photos

paul getty trust

educational purposes

getty vocabulary record

attributionpatricia

bibliographypatricia

related data

open datapatricia harpring

linked open data