(1,2)

109 2013/11/15

1. 2. 3. 4.

1.

Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are!

Nut

(~100AD)

Kepler e Brahe, Jean Leon Huens

(Tycho Brahe 1546-1601) ( J. Kepler, 1571-1630)

Leung Shing Hei

Kepler e Brahe, Jean Leon Huens

(Tycho Brahe 1546-1601)

1400

Leung Shing Hei

Reinhard Genzel2008

15, 16, 17

A. Robert Hooke B. Sir Isaac Newton; C. Ren Descartes,

A. Robert Hooke

Leung Shing Hei

1054

(M1)

46

(K

ing Tut)

Leung Shing Hei

E = mc2

M31

(1724-1804)

http://images.google.com.hk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/screen/heic0406a.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/zoomable/heic0406a.html&h=1280&w=1280&sz=316&hl=en&start=26&tbnid=_Tl48LJ4zbn5CM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddeep%2Bspace%26start%

Dopplers effect

Dopplers effect

Leung Shing Hei

Leung Shing Hei

Leung Shing Hei

Leung Shing Hei

137

Leung Shing Hei

Leung Shing Hei

Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess Brian P. Schmidt 2006 2011

: 4%; 22% , 73% .

2. Diversity in Splendor

Thales(625BC-545BC)

Leung Shing Hei

( Alfred J. Wegener, 1880-1930)

(Continental drift)

1.5 8

(Continental drift)

5

(Bryce Canyon, USA)

DNA (RNA)

C, G, A, T

DNA

2010 Craig Venter Synthia, 50

Leung Shing Hei

Cyanobacteria (Stromatolites)

20

Leung Shing Hei

()

Leung Shing Hei

Prof. Lynn Margulis

(Endosymbiosis)

Leung Shing Hei

()

( (

5

The Cambrian explosion

5.5 Andrew Parker, 1996

The Cambrian explosion

Andrew Parker, 1996

Leung Shing Hei

5

Leung Shing Hei

40 5

65 5 112

Leung Shing Hei

Leung Shing Hei

Leung Shing Hei

Leung Shing Hei

Leung Shing Hei

Microraptor : 1.24

***** *****

()

(

)

(

)

http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/sky_blue.html

(

)

3

1. 2. 3. 3.5. ()

Leung Shing Hei

(1760s): freedom from toil;

Leung Shing Hei

3

freedom from geography

3

0011100

freedom from drudgery.

Leung Shing Hei

Leung Shing Hei

(1791-1867)

Leung Shing Hei

1940s:

Leung Shing Hei

John von Neumann ~1950

20119 MPP3(Sunway Bluelight MPP3)

http://laotsao.wordpress.com/2011/10/29/sunway-bluelight-mpp-%E7%A5%9E%E5%A8%81%E8%93%9D%E5%85%89/

8700 140.8x1012 1015

Leung Shing Hei

chip

Leung Shing Hei

Supercomputer on a chip, Feb. 2005

IBM/Sony/Toshiba Cell Computer 0.09micron line width 900 400 (40 gigahertz)

:

(2008)

Leung Shing Hei

Leung Shing Hei

chip

SynthiaDNA

46

http://www.ted.com/talks/lang

/eng/craig_venter_unveils_synthetic_life.html

Wikipedia, Artificial gene synthesis, 22 October 2010 at 22:21.

Sgr A

Reinhard Genzel2008

(3,4)

142 2013/11/15

1. 2. 3. 4.

3. We Stand Proud and Tall

800

500

5

() ()

(Homo Erectus)

2

200,000 : 144,000 : 60,000

(Homo sapiens sapiens)

7 60,000 27,000 :

77,000

: 50,000 : 50,000

(Michelangelo, 1475-1564)

( Genographic Project 2005-2010) 5-6

27,000 1-4%

Leung Shing Hei

25,000

Leung Shing Hei

~18,000

~7,000 (Rolex ? Gucci?)

(The Rosetta Stone)(196)

Hierglyphics (3200) Demotic

The Rosetta Stone

Hierglyphics

Greek

Demotic

-1600 -1400 -1200 -1100 -850

~2000-~1600

(~2070-~1600)

(~1600- ~1046)

1. 2. 3. 4.

4. And East and West Do Meet

(1046-256) 770-476 475-221

(585-323) (770-221)

356323

:

475-221

(221-206)

(:202-8; : 25-220)

1st and 2nd century AD 4th and 5th century AD

Scythian

Octavian 63BC-14AD Augustus : 27BC-14AD

92AD

~440AD:

300-500AD:

(420-589)

(618-907)

Avars

552 553 554

555

Avar

Martel

Charlemagne (742-814) ( !)

322AD

~600 AD ; ~1400 AD

(~ 300 - ~1400 )

( Battle of Talas, 751)

Abbasid Moslems ()

()

(1041-1048)

4001456Gutenberg

960-1126 1127-1279

700

(biscuit)

100(~1400)

1127

(618-936) (Seljuk Turks) 1,2

(1279-1368)

200

//

~1348

(1368-1644)

(Ottoman Turks) (1453), (1683)

1492 Nia, Pinta and Santa Maria

(1405) 88

27,000

Santa Maria

Vasco da Gama/Macau

(1644-1911)

1500 (1800)

1300 (The Renaissance ,1300-~1600) (~1400) (1517-1648) (1492) (The Enlightenment ,18) ( ~1760)

1842

;

193777

(1945-1949)

157 (1997) 442(1999)

70

2009 1938

The O Camp

SmileS |5280 |

To see the World in a Grain of Sand, And a Heaven in a Wild Flower, Hold Infinity in the Palm of your Hand, And Eternity in an Hour. ---------------William Blake(1757-1827)

**********

()

4

10 4

?

220

74

16312,127 6M168

7.4 (Mount Toba)

10TNT 6

(population bottleneck) 50,000

(Stanley H. Ambrose) 27

Genographic Project (2005-2010)

5(2005-2010 ) 5

Spencer Wells, Director

120 50 2540

PTOLEMAIO (PTOLEMY)

1 0

Scythian Art

(~150)

(Parthia)

Kanishka

1066

(biscuit)

1101-1125

http://images.google.com.hk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ancient-art.com/images/ac146.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ancient-art.com/arabic.htm&h=230&w=448&sz=19&hl=en&start=25&tbnid=cPAxFMuJez7yUM:&tbnh=65&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgolden%2Bhorde%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

(1453)

1

1944

Shaw prize in astronomy Nobel Prize in Physics 2006 Saul Permutter, Brian Schmidt, Adam

Riess Charles Kao