gexcon ddt scotts presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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GexCon US
Deflagration to Detonation Transitions: Is my
Facility at Risk of a DDT
by
Scott G. Davis, Camilo Rosas, Derek Engel, Prankul
Middha, and Kees van Wingerden,
GexCon
October 24, 2012
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Outline
Facility Siting
DDT
Recent DDT incidents
CFD - FLACS to predict onset DDT
Expand validation
Previous work - H2, ethylene, propane and other HCs
Future work small, medium, large scale
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Experiments 45 m long array of cross flow obstructions - no confinement
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Experiments obstructed vs. non-obstructed
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Experiments obstructed vs. non-obstructed
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Region 2
Region 1
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Experiments DDT and Detonation
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Experiments DDT and Detonation
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Experiments in congested area
DDT and Detonation
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Region 2
Region 1
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Recent Incidents potential DDT
Buncefield Fuel Depot
2005
Sunrise Propane - 2008
Jaipur Oil Depot - 2009
Puerto Rico Fuel Storage - 2009
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FLACS CFD for Explosions and Dispersion
FLACS has been validated on hundreds of large-scale experiments
FLACS simulates the three-dimensional development of explosionsthrough clouds of vapor mixtures in complex geometries
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Buncefield fuel depot UK
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Damage from 11thDecember 2005 explosion
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Buncefield Lane vegetation consistent with
pipework in densely congested process area
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Photograph of coppiced tree on Cherry Tree Lane
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Estimated overpressure based on damage (left)
compared with FLACS simulation pressures
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Estimated likelihood of DDT
G C US
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FLACS simulation with traditional trees with
large trunks (little undergrowth)
Flame propagation Overpressure [bar]
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Simulated overpressures without trees (left) and
with trees with large trunks (little underbrush)
No trees Trees with large trunks
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FLACS Predictions onset of DDT
Likelihood of DDT Spatial pressure gradient across the flame front
Extensively tested against hydrogen DDT experiments
DPDX < 0.5: No DDT
0.5 < DPDX< 1.0: DDT is possible
5 < DPDX< 10: DDT is likely
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FLACS Predictions onset of DDT
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G C USH2 & Eth l t t
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GexCon USH2 & Ethylene testsShell/HSL pipe-racks 3m x 3m x 2m (with 4 or 7 rows of pipes)
(results not available)
GexCon USH2 & Eth l t t
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GexCon USH2 & Ethylene testsH2phi=0.8
GexCon USEth l lid ti t t MERGE
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GexCon USEthylene validation tests MERGEBritish Gas pipe-racks 4m x 4m x 2m, 4 different configurations
Notice:
Pressure sensors along ground 0.0m, 0.4m, 0.8m, 1.2m, 1.6m and 2.0m (1-6)
Flame sensors at same distances, but at unknown height (0.5m?)
GexCon USEth l lid ti t t MERGE B
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GexCon USEthylene validation tests MERGE B
DPDX max = 7
GexCon USEth l lid ti t t MERGE D
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GexCon USEthylene validation tests MERGE D
DPDX max = 4
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Future Work Joint Industry Project
Small to Very large Experimental Tests Texas A&M small/medium scale
GexCon medium/large scale
Stanford Research Inst. (SRI) large/very large
3,000 to 5,000 m3
Various Fuels
Methane, propane, ethylene, acetylene, etc.
Safety Gap Analysis DDT onset
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SRI Hydrogen Tests 300m3dome
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SRI Hydrogen Tests
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Summary
Importance of considering DDT in facility siting
FLACS tool to help predict onset of DDT
Research Collaboration Texas A&M, GexCon, SRI
Expand the prediction to various HCs
Further small, medium and large scale tests