gi standardisation - who, why, how prof. dr.-ing. wolfgang reinhardt arbeitsgemeinschaft gis ...
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GI Standardisation-
Who, Why, How
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Reinhardt Arbeitsgemeinschaft GIS
http://www.agis.unibw-muenchen.de Universität der Bundeswehr München
Brno december 2004
Or:How to ensure interoperability
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UniBw München
About 3000 Students (mostly living on campus, mostly soldiers, staff is civil, Trimester system!)
10 Faculties / Departments – 13 programsThe Faculties:• Civil Engineering, Geodesy and Geoinformatics (Univ)• Electro and Information Technology• Computer Science• Aeronautics and Aerospace Technologies• Education Sciences• Social Sciences• Economics• Business Management (FH)• Electrical Engineering• Mechanical Engineering
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GI-Lab at UniBw M, civil engineering facultyfounded: 1997 (Caspary/Reinhardt)
tasks:• Education, professional training• Research • Research transfer
15 scientists, mostly financed from 3. Party funds
AGIS – GI lab
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Stand: 06/04
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Current research projects
Mobile GI Services• GI-based positioning of
locomotives• VISPA, Paramount (LBS
for hiker / wanderer• Advanced Geo-Services
(BMBF / DFG – Geotechnologien)
Interoperability / standards• GI-Interoperability based on
XML/GML• GI Normung /
Standardisation (Quality procedures)
• Concepts for meta dataProjects with utilities• Quality management
• Q-assurance• Process optimisation
Object oriented classification / RS
Data Visualization (SVG)
GI education• GI teaching modules
(BMBF)• GIS- Introduction /
Virtuelle Hochschule Bayern (vhb)
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Background
• Member of German standardisation body (DIN)
• Staff is member of German delegation in ISO
• OGC member
• Projects to apply and / or to test standardisation results
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Overview
• Who does Standardisation in GI
• Why Standardisation in GI
• Examples (standards in practical use)
• Applications
No systematic overview on all the topics of GI standardisation!
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Situation: Why standardisation?
• Many GI data bases available, but distributed in different systems, different models ..
• Searching for data is still difficult (Metadata!)• Access to data still not „fluent“• Usability of data can be improved• Integration of GI data into all kinds of
applications required• ..
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Disziplines using GIS(src.: Mike Phoenix, EUGISES 2004)
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Who?
Standardisation bodies (and others)!
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Standardisation bodies
Authorised standardisation bodies: DIN • CEN • ISO
Defacto standards: OGC
Cooperation: ISO und OGC!
Germany US/International
Norm Standard
Standard “Defacto“-Standard
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Src: H. Knoop, 7. Seminar GIS & Internet, UniBw München, 2004
AG WSI AG Strategy
WG 6 Douglas O’Brien
Canada
WG 7Antony Cooper
South Africa
WG 8UK
WG 9 Hiroshi Imai
Japan
WG 4Morten Borrebæk
Norway
Geospatial Geospatial servicesservices
ImageryImagery InformationInformationcommunitiescommunities
LocationLocationbasedbased
servicesservices
InformationInformationmanagementmanagement
AG Outreach
MHT
ChairmanOlaf Østensen
SecretaryBjørnhild Sæterøy
NorwayTMG
TF 211/204
ISO / TC 211, Geographic information
Started: 1994!
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Organization
Content (data)
Access, technology
Education
Standards
DocumentationDocumentationISO 19103 - Conceptual schema language ISO 19103 - Conceptual schema language ISO 19107 - Spatial schemaISO 19107 - Spatial schemaISO 19108 - Temporal schemaISO 19108 - Temporal schemaISO 19109 - Rules for application schemaISO 19109 - Rules for application schemaISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodologyISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodologyISO 19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinatesISO 19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinatesISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiersISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiersISO 19113 - Quality principlesISO 19113 - Quality principlesISO 19114 - Quality evaluation proceduresISO 19114 - Quality evaluation proceduresISO 19115 – MetadataISO 19115 – MetadataISO/TR 19121 - Imagery and gridded data ISO/TR 19121 - Imagery and gridded data ISO 19123 - Schema for coverage geometry and functions ISO 19123 - Schema for coverage geometry and functions ISO 19124 - Imagery and gridded data componentsISO 19124 - Imagery and gridded data componentsISO 19126 - Profile - FACC Data DictionaryISO 19126 - Profile - FACC Data DictionaryISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and parametersISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and parametersISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage data frameworkISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage data frameworkISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for imagery and gridded dataISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for imagery and gridded dataISO 19131 - Data product specificationISO 19131 - Data product specificationISO 19137 - Generally used profiles of the spatial schema and ofISO 19137 - Generally used profiles of the spatial schema and of similar important other schemas similar important other schemas
ISO/TR 19122ISO/TR 19122- Qualifications and- Qualifications and
certification of personnelcertification of personnel
Standards
Standards for Spatial Data Infrastructures
Src: H. Knoop, 7. Seminar GIS & Internet, UniBw München, 2004
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ISO 19116 - Positioning servicesISO 19116 - Positioning servicesISO 19117 – PortrayalISO 19117 – PortrayalISO 19118 – EncodingISO 19118 – EncodingISO 19119 – ServicesISO 19119 – ServicesISO 19125-1 - Simple feature access – Common architectureISO 19125-1 - Simple feature access – Common architectureISO 19125-2 – SFA – SQL optionISO 19125-2 – SFA – SQL optionISO 19125-3 – SFA – COM/OLEISO 19125-3 – SFA – COM/OLEISO 19128 - Web Map Server InterfaceISO 19128 - Web Map Server InterfaceISO 19132 - Location based services possible standardsISO 19132 - Location based services possible standardsISO 19133 - Location based services tracking and navigationISO 19133 - Location based services tracking and navigationISO 19134 - Multimodal location based services for routing and ISO 19134 - Multimodal location based services for routing and navigationnavigationISO 19136 – Geography Markup Language (GML)ISO 19136 – Geography Markup Language (GML)
Organization
Content (data)
Access, technology
Standards
Education
Access and servicesAccess and services
Standards
ISO 19101 – Reference modelISO 19101 – Reference modelISO 19104 – TerminologyISO 19104 – TerminologyISO 19105 – Conformance and testingISO 19105 – Conformance and testingISO 19106 – ProfilesISO 19106 – ProfilesISO/TR 19120 – Functional standardsISO/TR 19120 – Functional standardsISO 19135 – Procedures for registration of geographic information itemsISO 19135 – Procedures for registration of geographic information items
Standards for Spatial Data Infrastructures
Src: H. Knoop, 7. Seminar GIS & Internet, UniBw München, 2004
Remark:Is everyting necessary?Is everything of high quality?Evaluation?
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Examples
Not the data model or the FACC is standardisedBut e.g.:
The way to describe features (UML)The basic geometry typesThe access to dataThe access to servicesThe encoding (GML).....
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Basic principles of UML
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UML to GML
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Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
OGC is an international industry consortium of 258 companies, government agencies and universities participating in a consensus process to develop publicly available geoprocessing specifications.
OGC Mission
“Our core mission is to deliver interface specifications that are openly available for global use”
http://www.opengeospatial.org/ - www.opengis.org (still!)
Founded: 1994
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ISO/TC 211 & OGC
1994
• ISO/TC 211 - de jure formal standards technical committee
• OGC - de facto industry technical specifications
• 1999 - OGC - ISO/TC 211 Class A Liaison status
• ISO/TC 211 & OGC Joint Advisory Group (JAG)
• ISO standardization of OGC specifications: Simple Features Access, Web Mapping Server Interface
• Jointly develop the Imagery & gridded data Reference Model, Framework, and the OGC Sensor Markup Language
• Geography Markup Language (GML)
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OpenGIS Consortium (OGC)
• Non-profit Organisation, founded 1994
• US-based, european subsidiary (OGC-E)
• Around 258 members from all over the world and different background:
IT companies, GIS vendors, Data producers, Mapping agencies, users, universities ..
• Around 5 TC meetings/year
• Members have to agree on decisions
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OGC
•Interface specifications
•Communication via standardised interfaces
•Trouble free access to heterogenous data
•Replace proprietary systems by component software
•Promotion of web technologies
Membership levels:
• Strategic Members
• Principal Membership
• Technical Committee Membership
• Associate Membership
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Scenario: Distributed Data Bases
OGCOGC OGCOGC
InternetInternet
GIS-User xGIS-User x GIS-user yGIS-user y
OGCOGC
GIS-user z(mobile)
GIS-user z(mobile)
OGCOGCGIS CGIS C
OGCOGCGIS BGIS B
OGCOGCGIS AGIS A
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Remark
• Not mentioned: CEN: – european Standardisation body– Stopped GI work to wait for ISO results
• It is very important because CEN members like GE (I think also CZ?) have to adopt CEN standards! (but not ISO standards)
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Why do we need standardisation?
Heterogenous Models / Systems
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Modelling
Schema: describes the model, usage of standardised languages
Buildung
No. of floors
AgeAdress
GeomType: Polygon
Example
Requirement analysis
Description language
Real World
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Modelling
!
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Objects with spatial reference
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An example of different modelling
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Different terms and meanings
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Problems with data exchange
(„syntax“)
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Goals of data exchange
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Different kinds of data exchange
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Examples of syntax: programming
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Syntactical interoperability
Syntactical interoperability means the ability of information systems to exchange data without loss of information under the pre condition that the data schema and the semantics in the systems are identical or at least known.
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Schema based interoperability 1
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Schema based interoperability 2
Notice: In this special case System B adopts data and schema from System A
(not a „real“ interoperabilty problem).
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Semantical Interoperability
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Interoperability 3 levels:
• Syntax• Schema• Semantics
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Problems of semantics in different systems
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Problems of semantics in different systems
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Ambiguity of terms
Ontology in GI:
Used to describe semantics
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How?
Examples of specifications
WMS / WFS
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Modelling
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OpenGIS Webservice specification
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Geodata access using WMS- Services
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WMS Request
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The syntax of the WMS- Request
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WMS- Request examples – getMap (map)
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Geodata access using WFS- Services
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Another important specification:
Example:
Used in WFS!
Also very important as transfer format!
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WMS/ WFS example – “Scenario Lothar“
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WMS/ WFS example of use
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WMS/ WFS example of use - result
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Remark
• Scenario has changed (distributed processing)
• Conventionally all the data had to be transferred to a GIS!
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How to use?
Examples
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Example: real world
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Example: Conceptual model
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Example: Implementation
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Application scenario 1: notary's office
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Application scenario 1: Workflow of the WMS request
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Application scenario 1: Result of the WMS request
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Application scenario 2: Power Authority
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Application scenario 2: Workflow of the WFS request
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Application scenario 2: Result of the WFS request
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Situation in Practise?
Hundreds of WMS implementations
WFS just starts
GML becomes more and more important
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RT-GIS – Practise test - WMS
src: Gunnar Teege, 8. Münchner Fortbildungsseminar, 2003
Problems in 1. test:• Versions• Reference systems• ...
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RT-GIS – practise test - WMS
Problems solved!
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RT-GIS – practise test -WMS
ESRI ArcIMS:Town map
ESRI ArcIMS:Town map
M.O.S.S. WEGA-WMS:Orthofoto
M.O.S.S. WEGA-WMS:Orthofoto
Others!
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RT-GIS – practise test - WMS
General result:
• Distributed data bases in different vendor systems can be used via Map Services „smoothly“
• Benefits of this solution could be shown
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RT-GIS – practise test - WFSsrc: A. Donaubauer et. Al, RT-GIS Intergeo 2004 -Präsentation
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RT-GIS – practise test - WFS
Now running!
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www.geoinformation.net
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www.geoinformation.net
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www.geoinformation.net
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Thank you!Thank you!
QuestionsQuestions??