gianluigi de geronimo , jack fried, shaorui li, jessica metcalfe *
DESCRIPTION
VMM1 An ASIC for Micropattern Detectors. Gianluigi De Geronimo , Jack Fried, Shaorui Li, Jessica Metcalfe * Neena Nambiar, Emerson Vernon, and Venetios Polychronakos Brookhaven National Laboratory - * CERN TWEPP - September 2012. VMM ASIC family. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Gianluigi De Geronimo , Jack Fried, Shaorui Li, Jessica Metcalfe*
Neena Nambiar, Emerson Vernon, and Venetios PolychronakosBrookhaven National Laboratory - *CERN
TWEPP - September 2012
VMM1An ASIC for Micropattern Detectors
VMM ASIC family
2
VMM: ASIC family for ATLAS Muon Spectrometer upgrade (Micromegas and Thin Gap Chamber)
VMM1
AR
• VMM1: architecture and issues
• VMM2: plans
or real time address (ART)
peak
time
addr
Architecture
3
direct timing (ToT or TtP)
timingmux
mux amplitude
mux
mux
address
logic
CA shaper
64 channels
• dual polarity, adj. gain (0.5, 1, 3, 9 mV/fC) (0.11 to 2 pC), adj. peaktime (25-200 ns)• discriminator with sub-hysteresis and neighboring (channel and chip)• address of first event in real time at dedicated output (ART)• direct timing outputs: time-over-threshold or time-to-peak• peak detector, time detector <1 ns• multiplexing with sparse readout and smart token passing (channel and chip)• threshold and pulse generators, analog monitors, channel mask, temperature sensor, 600mV BGR, 600mV LVDS• power 4.5 mW/ch, size 6 x 8.4 mm², process IBM CMOS 130nm 1.2V
logic
neighbor
CA
Dual polarity charge amplifier
4
Qout = Qin ·NQin
-∞
CF CF·N
N1
Ibias
-∞
N1
Ibias
sp
sp
sp
sn
sn
sn
from sensor
to virtualground
rail-to-rail output
ESD protection - issue: excessive leakage (few nA) VA
Front-end voltage amplifier
5
Vin
L = 180 nmW = 10 mmM = 200ID = 2 mA
MI
Voutcomp
MC1
MS1
MC2
VC2
MC2
MS2
VC2
inverting output stage with bootstrapping
Mc2 bias circuit
switchable compensation- issue: unstable when set for large caps
MS2
C
fast response to positive charge
SC
1p 10p 100p 200p 1n100
1k
5k
10k100ns, 9mV/fC50ns, 9mV/fC25ns, 9mV/fC
200ns, 9mV/fC200ns, 1mV/fC200ns, 0.5mV/fC
EN
C [e
lect
rons
]
Input capacitance [F]
lines: theoreticalsymbols: measured with actual gain
1p 10p 100p 200p 1n100µ
1m
10m
200ns, 9mV/fC100ns, 9mV/fC50ns, 9mV/fC25ns, 9mV/fC
200ns, 3mV/fC200ns, 1mV/fC200ns, 0.5mV/fC
Gai
n [V
/fC]
Input capacitance [F]
Gain and energy resolution
6
Gain vs input capacitance ENC vs input capacitance
high drop due to failing switchable compensation
0 200n 400n 600n0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Input Capacitance 2 pF 200 pF
Out
put v
olta
ge [V
]
Time [s]
Nominal peaking time 50 nsNominal gain 3 mV/fC, input charge ~ 175 fC
disagreement part due leakage from ESD protection, part being investigated
difference due to increased peaking time
DRanalog dynamic range Qmax/ENC exceeds 12,000
Delayed Dissipative Feedback (DFF)
7
Delay feedback of dissipative element (i.e. resistor RS)
Applies also to the other stages of the shapersee G. De Geronimo and S. Li, TNS 58, Oct. 2011
-∞
Q
CF
CF·N
charge gain N
-∞
CS
RS
other poles
Q·N
Vout
Q·NCS
shaper
V1
DDF shaper
0 5
0
0.2
0.4
0.45
0.1
v t( )
92 t
2S
2CA
maxa
ENCENC
QDR
higher analog dynamic range
DS
8
hysteresis
output
Sub-hysteresis discriminationComparator input stage
Positive feedback• high speed at low Vi+-Vi-
• hysteresis set NMOS ratio
upper threshold
lowerthreshold
sets minimum detectable
Vi+ Vi-
Vo+Vo- 3:3upper
threshold
hysteresis
Sub hysteresis1 - set window lower2 - raise window after trigger switch NMOS ratio hold until triggers back
4:2
Vi+ Vi-
Vo+Vo-
• limit reduced to overlap • no action on input or threshold signals
PD
Peak measurements
9
Large amplitude Small amplitude
• with sub-hysteresis nominal hysteresis 20 mV
• ~3 mV offset from external buffers
-500n 0 500n 1µ0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
enable (readout start)
event flag
peak out
Time [s]
Peaktime 200nsInput charge 55fCGain 9mV/fC
vout
Dig
ital
Am
plitu
de [V
]
-500n 0 500n 1µ0.192
0.194
0.196
0.198
0.200
0.202
0.204
0.206
0.208
Am
plitu
de [V
]
~ 3.2mV offset
peak out
(start readout start)
event flag
Dig
ital
Time [s]
Peaktime 200nsInput charge 0.17fCGain 9mV/fC
vout
-500n 0 500n 1µ0.702
0.704
0.706
0.708
0.710
0.712
0.714
0.716
0.718
~ 3mV offset
peak out
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Time [s]
Peaktime 200nsInput charge 55fCGain 9mV/fC
vout
TD
Timing measurements
10
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0100p
1n
10n
200pF, 200ns 200pF, 100ns 200pF, 50ns 200pF, 25ns 2pF, 25ns time walk
200pF, 25ns
Tim
ing
reso
lutio
n, ti
me
wal
k [s
]
Output pulse amplitude [V]
solid line: theor. 200pF, 25nssymbols: measurednominal gain 9mV/fCtiming ramp 125ns
Uses peak-found signal
• sub-ns timing• ns time walk (can be calibrated)
disagreement with theor. due to effective peaktime
ampl
itude
time t0 tA
VA VAPK
tAPK tCS
ENABLE
TAC RAMP
0
0
TDO
p
ppt Q
ENC
8.03.0
p
p
G. De Geronimo, in “Medical Imaging” by Iniewski
• low time-walk• high timing resolution
TM
Direct timing
11
-500n 0 500n 1µ 2µ
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2threshold-to-peak
time-over-threshold
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Time [s]
Peaktime 200nsInput charge 55fCGain 9mV/fC
vout
Direct timing
• dedicated output for each channel• available as ToT or TtP (time-to-
peak)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.40
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Gain 1 mV/fCPeaking time 25ns
Time over Threshold Time to Peak
Tim
e [n
s]
Pulse Amplitude from Baseline [V]
ToT and TtP
OM
Amplitude measurements
12
Linearity
• within 2% for ~ 1 V full swing
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0-4
-2
0
2
4Gain 3 mV/fCPeaking time
25 ns 200 ns
Inte
gral
Non
-Lin
earit
y [%
]
Pulse Amplitude from Baseline [V]
Channel uniformity
• peak dispersion includes baseline• threshold dispersion 8.8 mV rms requires improved matching and/or larger trimming range (currently 15 mV)
1 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 640
200
400
600
800
1000
Pulse peak 25ns, 9mV/fC (mean 684mV, rms 0.6%)
Baseline (mean 187.75mV, rms 1.23%)
Vol
tage
[V]
Channel number
Threshold untrim. (mean 405mV, rms 2.17% = 8.8mV)
FN
0 1µ 2µ 3µ0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
Dig
ital
vout
first event (at peak)
flag b
flag aenable (readout start)
threshold
ch1b
ch63a
peak out b
first event (at threshold)
readout clock
peak out a
Am
plitu
de [V
]
Time [s]
ch64a
ART and Neighboring
13
Two chips (a,b) and one channel exceeding threshold (64 in chip a) ART• threshold or peak• with address
flags andreadout
multiplexed sequentialpeak detect outputs
analog pulses• only one exceeds threshold• neighbors (chan. and chip) enabled for peak detection
V2
6b coarse
count
Plans for VMM2
14
CA shaper
logic
peak
time
or
neighbor
direct timing (ToT, TtP, PDAD)real time address (ART)
data (ampl., time, addr.)
addr.
logic
channel
FIFO
10b ADC
10b ADC
data clock
trigger
6b PDAD timing clock
• external trigger
• 10-bit 5MS/s ADCs per channel and FIFOfully digital IOs, derandomization, simultaneous measurement and readout
• 6-bit peak detector and digitizer (PDAD) for direct timing
• 6-bit counter for coarse timing
mux
mux
mux
mux
• fixes, higher gain setting, lower gain setting (5pC)
Conclusions
15
• VMM is an ASIC family for the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer upgrade (Micromegas, TGC)
• VMM1 has been developed and tested, with results in good agreement with the design
• Main issues with the charge amplifier compensation (limits the rise time at large capacitance) and the large leakage from the ESD protection
• VMM2 (in design) will integrate a number of improvements for simultaneous measurement and readout
Acknowledgment
Ken A. Johns, Sarah L. Jones (University of Arizona, USA)
Nachman Lupu (Technion Haifa, Israel)
Howard Gordon and Craig Woody (BNL, USA)
ATLAS review team (J. Oliver, M. Newcomer, R. Richter, P. Farthouat)
16
Backup slides
1 - Track (< threshold)• Analog output is tracked at hold capacitor• MP and MN are both enabled_
+
CH
MP
MN
in
2 - Peak-detect (> threshold)• Pulse is tracked and peak is held• Only MP is enabled• Comparator is used as peak-found
VP
_+
CH
MP
MN
in
peak-found
3 - Read (at peak-found)• Amplifier re-configured as buffer• High drive capability• Amplifier offsets is canceled• Enables rail-to-rail operation• Accurate timing• Some pile-up rejectionVP
_+
CH
MP
MN
out
Peak detection
17
Filter Shape aw aƒ(1) ap ƒ(ƒ)=aƒ(ƒ)/aƒ(1) w /p -p p p RU-2 0.92 0.59 0.92 7.49 0.98 - - RU-3 0.82 0.54 0.66 5.04 1.85 0.30 1.64 RU-4 0.85 0.53 0.57 4.17 2.50 0.44 1.60 RU-5 0.89 0.52 0.52 3.72 3.01 0.52 1.60 RU-6 0.92 0.52 0.48 3.46 3.40 0.57 1.61 RU-7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
1
7th
2nd
0.94 0.51 0.46 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
0.9
1.0
1.1
7th
2nd
3.28 3.74 0.61 1.62 CU-2 0.93 0.59 0.88 6.17 1.05 - - CU-3 0.85 0.54 0.61 3.92 2.07 0.31 1.59 CU-4 0.91 0.53 0.51 3.16 2.95 0.48 1.57 CU-5 0.96 0.52 0.46 2.84 3.65 0.58 1.58 CU-6 1.01 0.52 0.42 2.66 4.22 0.63 1.60 CU-7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
1
7th
2nd
1.04 0.52 0.40 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
0.9
1.0
1.1
7th
2nd
2.55 4.71 0.65 1.62 RB-2 1.03 0.75 1.01 16.6 0.34 0.29 - RB-3 1.11 0.78 0.76 9.87 0.69 0.41 - RB-4 1.30 0.81 0.66 7.67 0.98 0.47 - RB-5 1.47 0.85 0.62 6.61 1.20 0.51 - RB-6 1.61 0.87 0.59 5.96 1.39 0.54 - RB-7 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-1
0
1
7th
2nd
1.74 0.90 0.57 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
0.9
1.0
1.1
7th
2nd
5.53 1.55 0.56 - CB-2 1.08 0.80 1.02 12.9 0.47 0.33 - CB-3 1.27 0.86 0.76 7.29 0.91 0.45 - CB-4 1.58 0.93 0.67 5.58 1.32 0.52 - CB-5 1.87 0.98 0.62 4.80 1.66 0.56 - CB-6 2.10 1.03 0.60 4.39 1.92 0.58 - CB-7 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-1
0
1
7th
2nd
2.33 1.06 0.57 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
0.9
1.0
1.1
7th
2nd
4.10 2.15 0.61 -
ENC and timing coefficients for various shapers
18G. De Geronimo, in “Medical Imaging” by Iniewski