gis geocoding

7/30/2019 GIS Geocoding

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Geocoding & Matrices in TransCADMurtaza Haider

[email protected]: 416.979.5000, ext. 2480


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Geocoding and Spatial Analysis

Goal: Understand how to:

Locate your data on a map

Merge areas to form districts such as sales territories or

administrative regions

Create bands to see areas of influence

Overlay areas to extract data from other areas

Measure distance and area


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Basics: Pin Mapping

Definition: A process of creating a new geographic

file containing a single geographic point for each

record in a database or spreadsheet. Used to locate

customers, prospects, facility locations, and other

features.

Geocoding and address matching are other terms

that are used.


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Example: Pin Mapping


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Pin Mapping: Locating by Address #1

Choose File-Open or click on the toolbar.

Open the dBASE file CUSTOMER.DBF in

TCW\TUTORIAL. TransCAD displays a dataview

of 45 customers in Connecticut.

Click on the toolbar, or choose Tools-Locate by

Address, and click OK. TransCAD displays the

Save As dialog box.


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Locating by Address #2

Enter MYCUSTOM as the geographic file name

and click OK. TransCAD locates most of the

addresses and shows the pins in a new map.

Click OK after reading the dialog box with the

results of the process.


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Locating the Unmatched Records

Make sure the dataview is the current window, and

choose Unmatched Records from the drop-down list

in the toolbar.

Click on the toolbar, or choose Tools-Locate by

Address, and click Options.

Check Try only nearby ZIP Codes, then click OK

twice. TransCAD finds most of the unmatched

records.


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Locating by ZIP Code

Make sure the dataview is the current window, and

choose Unmatched Records from the drop-down list

in the toolbar.

Choose Tools-Locate by ZIP Code and click OK.

TransCAD locates the last records by ZIP Code.

Choose File-Save Workspace, enter

MYPROJ1.WRK and click OK.


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In Depth: Pin Mapping

You can locate records four ways:

By address, in the U.S.

By ZIP Code, in the U.S.

By value, using any matching field in a layer such as state

abbreviation

By coordinate, if the table already has longitude/latitude

or XY coordinates


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Ways That Points Are Chosen

By Coordinate: at that point

By Address: offset from the matching side of the

street segment, at a proportional distance down the

segment

By ZIP Code or Value:

At the center of matching point, line or area

Scattered within area

Scattered around center of point, line or area


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Locating Records by Value

Choose Tools-Locate by Value for the Locate by Value

dialog box:


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Locating Records by Value: Options

Click Options for the Location Options dialog box:


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Basics: District

Definition: In TransCAD, an area that is made up of

several smaller areas all joined together.


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Example: District

Census Tracts Shaded

by District

Districts Created from

Census Tracts


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Quick Start: Getting Ready to Merge by Value

Choose File-Close All, then choose File-Open or

click on the toolbar.

Open the geographic file DETROIT.CDF in

TCW\TUTORIAL. TransCAD displays a map of

TAZs in the Detroit region. Choose Tools-Merge by Value or click on the

toolbar.


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Merging by Value

Choose [CO#] from the Based on drop-down list.

Enter County in the Create Layer edit box.

Check Compute Attributes and click OK.

Enter MYDIST as the file name and click OK.TransCAD creates the districts.


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Using the New District Layer

Label the counties with their number.

Create a color theme on based on SumPopulation.


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Merge by Value: Compute Attributes Settings

Check Compute Attributes

for the Attribute Settingsdialog box:


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Basics: Band

Definition: An area of a specified width that

surrounds one or more map features. You create

bands when you want to examine the areas that are

affected by activities that take place at or near the

map features.


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Example: Band


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Quick Start: Creating Bands #1



Open the geographic file FACILITY.CDF in

TCW\TUTORIAL. TransCAD displays a map of

transport facilities in the Northeast. Choose Tools-Bands or click on the toolbar.


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Quick Start: Creating Bands #2

Enter 30 as the fixed size and click OK.

Enter MYBAND.DBD as the file name and click

OK. TransCAD creates bands, filled with a color

theme, showing the areas within 30 miles of the

transport facilities. Add some other layers, including CCCNTYL.CDF,

and experiment with placing the bands among the

layers.


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Creating Bands

Choose Tools-Bands for

the Bands dialog box:


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Exercise

Find the parcels that are within a quarter mile

notification area of a land use change for parcel

54022 0007 in Newton MA:

Open the geographic file NEWTBDRY.CDF and add

layer NPARCELS.CDF, both in TCW\EXERCISE. Select for [SBL-ID]=54022 0007 and create the band.

Use Dataview-Select by Location to select the parcels

within .25 mi. Save the map.


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Basics: Overlay

Definition: A procedure that estimates the attributes

of an area by superimposing its boundary over the

boundaries of other, smaller areas and calculating

the extent to which they overlap.


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Example: Overlay


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Quick Start: Overlay



Open the map OVERLAY.MAP inTCW\TUTORIAL. TransCAD displays midtownManhattan.

Choose Tools-Overlay or click on the toolbar.The settings are correct. Click OK.

Enter MYOVRLAY as the file name and click OK.TransCAD displays the attributes calculated fromthe ZIP Codes.


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Overlays

Overlay splits data from a reference layer and

reassembles it for the working layer

You should always use a reference layer with areas

that are smaller than the areas in the working layer

You have several choices for dealing with how eachfield is calculated, just like you did for Merge by

Value


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Creating an Overlay

Choose Tools-Overlay for

the Geographic Overlaydialog box:


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Exercise

What is the total land value of the parcels within the

.25 mile band you made in the band exercise?

Use the map that you just saved

[Land Value] is a field in the Parcels dataview


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Basics: Distance and Size

Use the Info tool or a dataview for a layer to see the

automatically calculated length of line features or

the size of area features

Use the Distance tool to draw a line on the screen

and report the total length of the line Use the Size tool to draw an area on the screen and

report the size of the area and the length of its

perimeter.


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Example: Distance and Size


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Quick Start: Measuring Distance

Open a map or geographic file, if one is not open.

Click to activate the Distance tool. The status

bar shows the elasped length.

Click at the starting point on the map. You can click

at one or more shape points.

Double click to end the line. TransCAD displays the

total length.


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Measuring the Size on an Area

Click to activate the Size tool.

Click at the first corner of the area, then click at the

other corners.

Double click to end the area. TransCAD displays

the size and perimeter of the area.


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Lesson 4: Matrices

Goal: understand what a matrix is and how to:

Create a matrix

Display and edit matrices

Import data to and export data from matrices

Display portions of a matrix

Perform matrix operations


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Basics: Matrix

A data structure in TransCAD that contains rows

and columns:

Each row is identified by a row ID

Each column is identified by a column ID

Each entry in a matrix is a cell and has a value forthat pair of row and column

In most matrices, each row and column refers to afeature in a map layer


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Example: Matrix


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Example: Relation to Map Features


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Basics: How TransCAD Stores Matrices

TransCAD stores matrices in a matrix file with an

.MTX extension

A matrix file contains one or more matrices

Each matrix in a matrix file contains the exact same

set of rows and columns

There are several options available for storing

matrix information


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Example: Matrix File With Multiple Matrices


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Getting Ready to Create a Matrix File



Open the geographic file FL_ZONE.CDF inTCW\TUTORIAL. TransCAD displays an areazone database.

Choose File-New, click Matrix File and click OK todisplay the Create Matrix File dialog box.


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Creating a Matrix File

Choose ZONE from the IDs are in drop-down list

and click OK.

Enter MYMATRIX as the matrix filename and click

OK. TransCAD creates an empty matrix file and

displays it in a matrix view.


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In Depth: Creating a Matrix File

You have several options when creating an empty

matrix file:

Matrix files can be created from maps or dataviews.

Rows and columns can come from any field

Rows and columns can come from selection sets Any number of matrices can be created in a matrix file


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Creating a Matrix File

Choose File-New and click Matrix File for the Create

Matrix file dialog box:


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Basics: Displaying Matrices

Like dataviews, there are many ways of displaying

matrices. You can:

choose the matrix you want to see

change the labels that identify rows and columns

show row and column sums and averages

choose matrix font and grid settings

change the row and column sort order


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Exercise

Open up any point or line geographic file and create

a matrix from a selection of geographic features.Experiment with changing selections, changing ID

fields and changing the number of matrices you

want to create.


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Basics: Matrix View

Definition: A special type of dataview for matrices.

Matrix views show the current display settings for amatrix. Matrix views, like dataviews, can be saved

to a file.


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Example: Displaying Matrices

Q i k St t G tti R d t Di l M t i


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Quick Start: Getting Ready to Display a Matrix



Open the dBASE file LABEL.DBF in

TCW\EXERCISE.

Open the matrix file TRANSIT.MTX inTCW\EXERCISE. TransCAD displays a transit OD

matrix.

Ch i M t i S tti


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Changing Matrix Settings

Choose another matrix to display by clicking on the

Matrix to Display drop-down list in the toolbar.

Choose Matrix-Settings or click in the toolbar.

Change the font to Arial and the size to 12.

Check the Grid option and choose Sum from theMarginals option.

L b li M t i


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Labeling a Matrix

Click OK. TransCAD changes the font and size,

adds a grid and displays row and column marginals.

Choose Matrix-Labels or click on the toolbar.

Choose LABEL for the Dataview, ZONE for the ID

and ZONENAME for the Label with drop-downlists.

S i d R t i i M t i Vi


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Saving and Retrieving a Matrix View

Click OK. TransCAD labels each ID in the matrix

with the zone name.

Choose File-Save or click in the toolbar.

Enter MYVIEW as the matrix view filename and

click OK. TransCAD saves the matrix view. Choose File-Close All, then click .

Open the matrix view MYVIEW.MVW.

B i Editi M t i


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Basics: Editing Matrices

There are many ways to edit matrices. You can:

Edit a cell value directly

Multiply or divide cells by a value

Add or subtract values from cells

Use a formula to compute cell values

Clear the values from cells

B i S l ti M t i C ll


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Basics: Selecting Matrix Cells

There are several ways you can select matrix cells.

You can:

Select a single cell

Select a range of cells

Select an entire row or column

Select several rows or columns at once

G tti R d t Edit M t i


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Getting Ready to Edit a Matrix



Open the matrix file TRANSIT.MTX in

TCW\EXERCISE. TransCAD displays a transit OD

matrix. Click on any cell in the matrix and change its value.

Editing a Matri


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Editing a Matrix

Highlight a range of cells by dragging the mouse and click

on in the toolbar or choose Matrix-Fill. Choose Add as the operation and enter 10 in the edit box.

Click OK. TransCAD adds 10 to each cell that washighlighted.

Click on again. This time, choose Scale by and enter 10as the scale value.

Filling a Matrix With a Formula


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Filling a Matrix With a Formula

Click OK. TransCAD multiplies each cell value by 10.

Click on again. This time, choose Fill with Formula.

Enter 2 * [Matrix 2] + 3 * [Matrix 3] as the formula andclick OK. Click OK again. TransCAD fills the range with

the formula using the cell values from the other matrices.

In Depth Edit ing Matrices


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In Depth: Edit ing Matrices

Choose Matrix-Fill to

display the Fill

Matrix dialog box:

Exercise #1


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Exercise #1

Using the matrix you created in the previous

exercise, change the matrix views font to Arial andits size to 16. Display a grid on the matrix and

display marginals that calculate the averages of the

rows and columns.

Exercise #2


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Exercise #2

Using the same matrix, experiment with filling cells

in the matrix. Try filling with fixed values, addingvalues, or multiplying values. Also, try filling just

the diagonal of the matrix. If you have more than

one matrix in the matrix file, try filling with a

matrix formula, or add or multiply matricestogether.

Basics: Importing and Exporting Matrices


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Basics: Importing and Exporting Matrices

TransCAD provides several matrix import/export

functions. You can:

Create a new matrix from a dataview

Create a new dataview from a matrix

Import a field in a dataview to a row or column of amatrix

Export a row or column of a matrix into a dataview

Getting Ready to Import Matrix Data


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Getting Ready to Import Matrix Data



Open the dBASE file OD.DBF inTCW\EXERCISE. TransCAD displays a dataviewof origin to destination flow.

Choose Matrix-Import from Dataview to display theCreate Matrix from Dataview dialog box.

Importing Matrix Data


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Choose ODFLOW from Data Fields and click OK.

Enter MYOD as the matrix filename and click OK.

TransCAD creates a matrix file, taking the row IDs

from FROMZONE, the column IDs from

TOZONE, and the cell values from ODFLOW.

Getting Ready to Import and Export Rows


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Getting Ready to Import and Export Rows



Open the matrix file TRANSIT.MTX inTCW\EXERCISE.

Choose Matrix-Export to Dataview. Enter MYMTX.DBF as the output filename and

click OK. TransCAD exports the matrix into adataview.

Exporting Rows


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Exporting Rows

Click on your matrix to make it the active window.

Highlight rows 3, 4, 5 and 6 by shift-clicking on

them.

Choose Matrix-Export Rows or Columns.

All the settings are correct. Click OK.

Enter in MYMTX2.DBF as the filename and click

OK. TransCAD exports the rows into a dataview.

Importing Rows


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Importing Rows

Change some of the values in fields F3, F4, F5 or

F6.

Click on your matrix to make it the active window.

Choose Matrix-Import Rows or Columns

Choose F3 from the From drop-down list and clickOK. TransCAD imports the dataview data into the

matrix.

In Depth: Importing Matrix Data


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In Depth: Importing Matrix Data

You have several options when importing data from

a dataview. You can:

Choose Row and column IDs from any field in the

dataview

Import data only from a selection set Import more than one column of data. Each column is

imported into a new matrix in the matrix file



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Choose Matrix-Import from Dataview to import data into amatrix:

Importing Rows and Columns From Dataview


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Importing Rows and Columns From Dataview

Highlight a row or column in the matrix and choose Matrix-

Import. Click on the row or column radio button:

In Depth: Export To Dataview


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In Depth: Export To Dataview

Choose Matrix-

Export Rows orColumns to

display the

Export Rows or

Columns dialog

box:

Basics: Displaying Portions of a Matrix


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Basics: Displaying Portions of a Matrix

In the same way that you can display selections in a

dataview, you can also display portions of a matrixin a matrix view

To display a portion of a matrix, you need to create

a matrix index

Basics: Matrix Indexes


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Basics: Matrix Indexes

Definition: A list of matrix row IDs or column IDs

stored in a matrix file

Indexes may contain subsets of the rows and

columns of a matrix

You can have any number of indexes in a matrixfile and can change how a matrix is displayed by

changing the current index

Indexes are identified by name

Example: Matrix Index


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Example: Matrix Index

1 3 5

13

5

Getting Ready to Add a Matrix Index


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Getting Ready to Add a Matrix Index



Open the matrix file TRANSIT.MTX in

TCW\EXERCISE.

Open the DBASE file MYMTX2.DBF created inthe previous example.

Click on the toolbar and enter ZONE = 1 or

ZONE = 3 or ZONE = 5.

Adding a Matrix Index


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Adding a Matrix Index

Click OK. TransCAD selects zones 1, 3 and 5 and

puts them in the Selection selection set.

Click on the matrix view to make it the active

window.

Choose Matrix-Indexes or click on the toolbar.

Click Add Index. TransCAD displays the Add

Index dialog box.

Changing Indexes


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Changing Indexes

Choose SELECTION from the Selection drop-down

list. All the other settings are correct. Click OK.TransCAD creates a new index called NEW and

returns to the Matrix Indexes dialog box.

Choose NEW from the Rows drop-down list andNEW from the Columns drop-down list and click

Close. TransCAD changes the current index to

NEW and displays only zones 1, 3 and 5.

In Depth: Changing Indexes


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In Depth: Changing Indexes

Choose Matrix-Indexes for

the Matrix Indexes dialogbox:

In Depth: Adding a Matrix Index


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In Depth: Adding a Matrix Index

Choose Matrix-

Indexes and clickAdd Index for the

Add Matrix

Index dialog

box:

Exercise #1


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Using the geographic file FL_ZONE.CDF and the

matrix file TRANSIT.MTX in TCW\EXERCISE,create two matrix indexes. The first index will only

show zones in the north and the second index will

only show zones in the south.

Hint: Look at the diagram on pages 3-4.

Exercise #2


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Using the matrix you created in the previous

exercise, create another index that displays only theportion of the matrix you want to see. Then change

matrix settings and display row and column sums

for the index.

Hint: You can use FL_ZONE.CDF to help create your

index.

Associating Matrices with Different Layers


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g y

Sometimes it is useful to have one matrix represent

different features in different layers. For example: A zone matrix file contains origin-destination flow from

zone to zone and you want to assign the matrix values toa transportation network where each row-column must be

matched to the equivalent network node This is accomplished by creating an index in the

matrix from a correspondence table.

Example: Matrix Associated with Zones


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p

Example: Equivalent Nodes for Zones


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p q

Example: Correspondence Table


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p p

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