global and regional trends in internationalization threat to or improvement of quality patricia pol

8/13/2019 Global and Regional Trends in Internationalization Threat to or Improvement of Quality Patricia Pol

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Global and regional trends in

internationalization – threat to or

improvement of quality ?Patricia Pol

IAU Board member

Policy advisor AERESUniversité Paris Est

INQHAAE- ENQA, Brussels, Decembre 2011


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Presentation outline

• About internationalization

• From global to regional trends : some results

of the IAU 3rd Global Survey

• From benefits to threat : (re) thinking QA for

Internationalization ?

•New challenges for internationalization of QAagencies



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I. About internationalization

• From institutional policies focused on international cooperationstrategies

To introduce international and intercultural dimension into teaching,learning, research and mode of delivery of higher education (Knightand De Witt, 90’s)

International cooperation policies improve quality• To global strategic management around worldwide competitive

markets

The international dimension is no more a specific dimension but is fully part of all the dimensions of the institutions

« To be international or not to be » : a one best way for excellence?

Risks to increase fragmentation among HEI and a challenge for QAissues



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II. From Global to Regional trends

• A global and regional view in line with IAU

principles

- 1998 : statement on cooperation and

partnership

- 2004 statement on ethical conduct in cross

border education

- 3 global surveys published : 2003, 2005, 2010



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5

IAU 3rd Global Survey

Internationalization of Higher Education:

Global Trends, Regional Perspectives

Published Sept. 2010

– An international expert Task Force

– Questionnaires for HEIs and NUAs

– 5 languages, larger sample, online

– completion with IT assistance from CONAHEC – Continuity but also new questions

(2003, 2005)



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r g o a surveyResponse rate (12%): 745 HEIs 115

countries



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INQHAAE- ENQA, Brussels, Decembre2011

745 HEIs in 115 countries


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Internationalization :

change in level of importance



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© IAU – October 2010INQHAAE- ENQA, Brussels, Decembre 2011


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© IAU – October 2010INQHAAE- ENQA, Brussels, Decembre 2011


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Funding for Internationalization

14


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INQAAHE-ENQA December 2011 15

Mobility = top priority; yet still low

HEIs according to # of undergraduate

international students as % of total

enrolment

Opportunity to Study Outside One’s Own

Country as % of overall

undergraduate enrolment


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International student enrolment and

mobility

• WORLD - 1/3 of HEIs – undergraduateinternational students less than 1% of studentbody;

• 48% of respondent HEIs gave less than 1% ofundergraduate students opportunity to studyabroad as part of their study programme!

• AFRICA – 70% of HEIs – to less than 1% ofstudents



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INQAAHE-ENQA, Brussels, 2011


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INQAAHE-ENQA, Brussels, December 2011

Institutions offering dual/double

degree programs N=745

18


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INQAAHE-ENQA, Brussels, December 2011

Institutions offering joint degree

programs N=745

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A few conclusions at global level

• Internationalization is a way to improve students’ preparedness andmobility; yet actual mobility remains low

• International research collaboration less important at aggregatelevel, but key for developing regions

• Internationalization increasingly important for HEI policy, but

funding now the main obstacles• Faculty interest, readiness and staff capacities a major internal

obstacle

• Strong link between prestige and internationalization

• Risks appear only visible to HEIs in some regions

• Geographic priorities stable but highly focused• QA is mainly integrated in the general QA system when it exists



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III. Benefits and threatsTo be international and going international,

multinational or global:

(Re)-Thinking QA systems



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What do we want to do?

• To know and measure the degree or stages ofinternationalization

- At institutional, faculty, programme, research levels

An issue of quantitative datas- Structural indicators : numbers of agreements , rates of

international students, in coming out-going mobility (staffand students), part of the budget dedicated to

internationalization, size of the international office, numberof international ublications…

- Performance indicators : % fund raising, evolution of theposition in the international rankings? Income generated



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- Attitude indicators

* Internationalization of staff in the decision bodies,among faculty members,

* Language skills of the curricula and staff * Development of joint programmes/branch campuses,

* Choice of partnership, of international networks

Ethnocentric, Regiocentric, Polycentric(see H.W. Perlmutter, 1974 studying the MultinationalFirms)

Towards mapping and typologies


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• To evaluate the quality of internationalization

and its impact on the stakeholders

An issue of processes

- Evaluating the processes implemented

Why and how is the International strategy of theinstitution defined and implemented, is it

integrated in the whole strategy ?

How is the internationalization of programmes,research, staff, students defined and achieved?



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- Measuring progress

What is the added value, the efficiency of the

cooperation policies and mobility practices ?

What are the new learning outcomes of the

students through international mobility…

Setting goals, elaborating a policy and

designing a strategy are prerequisite tomeasure the impact on quality

Need a good fit with goals pursuedINQHAAE- ENQA, Brussels, Decembre 2011


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IV. New challenges for QA Agencies

To be more international?


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• Most of the QA Agencies operate in theircountries for more than 90% of their activities

• Some regional joint QA initiatives (Central

America, East Africa, south East Asia…)• Competition increases at intra and inter-national

agencies levels (see the adaptation of thenational regulations for such countries in Europe

as Lituania, Austria, Romania..)• A strong tradition of cooperation at regional

levels where networks act actively


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RIACES

CANQATEASPA

AfriQAan

ANQAHE

ENQA

NOQA

APQN

Main regional networks

(CINDA, INQAAHE):


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How to be more international?

• Developing an international policy

- Defining goals

- Setting up a strategy and a QA process

• Cooperation with other agencies at regional, sub-regional levelsaccording to shared values and visions with the Nationalauthorities, the HEIs international country strategies…

• Export of activities (accreditation, audit, institutional evaluationabroad)

• Regional and international governance to build up Regional Higher

Education and Research Areas• Developing expert and peers mobility


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• Designing a QA system for the internationaldimensionof the HEIs

- At institutional , programme, research levels :

• within the existing evaluation/audit/ accreditationprocesses ?

• Through specific programmes ?

• Organizing national and regional seminars to facilitate

the knowledge and diffusion of best practices• Producing, consolidating data in cooperation with the

main stakeholders at national, regional, global levels


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• QA for off shore programmes and campuses,

joint degrees or joint research programmes

- Through specific processes and site visits (See

QAA (UK) Audit for overseas provisions)

- In cooperation with other agencies through

joint evaluations (see the Nordic experience)

- Consolidating national data and international

benchmarking


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Conclusion

• Internationalization is still not a natural issue in HigherEducation

- Strongly supported by the academic internationalismof the 90’s, global trends have emerged while the

global agenda is in process and new risks are increasing Should we re-think internationalization (see the IAU

initiative) and its QA system ?

- The role of regional and international association ofuniversities and QA networks are increasing and theyare offering new services to their members

- and contribute to new forms of internationalregulation


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IAU Internationalization Agenda

Dissemination of the 3rd Global Survey Report

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Internationalization Strategies Advisory Service (ISAS)

= support for institutional policy development and improvement

Internationalization Workshops = Nairobi, Kenya, Iran, Rio de Janeiro,

BrazilRe-thinking internationalization (ad hoc expert group)

14th General conference in Puerto Rico (November 14-16 2012): “HE andthe global agenda”

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

www.iau-aiu.netEva Egron-Polak

[email protected]

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http://www.iau-aiu.net/http://www.iau-aiu.net/

global and regional trends in internationalization threat to or improvement of quality patricia pol

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