institutional clusters for more efficiency and innovation the french perspective,patricia pol,...
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Institutional clusters for more efficiency and innovation the french perspective,patricia pol, french ministry of national education. Patricia Pol,French Ministry of National EducationTRANSCRIPT
The benefits of Brussels, London 4 November 2014
Institutional clusters for more efficiency and innovation ? the
French perspectivePatricia Pol
Ministry for Education,Higher Education and Research
November 2014
The benefits of Brussels, London 4 November 2014
3
1
Key elements of the French context of Higher Education and Research
2
Towards new forms of regulation and cooperation since 2005
3
The French context of
Higher Educationand Research
The benefits of Brussels, London 4 November 2014
1
Key
figures
2,466,500 students in HE in 2014 +1.5% vs last year63% students in universitiesAn increase of the private sector (28%)
Number of HE students in France since 1990 (X 1000)
Number of first year students in universities
Number of PhD graduates per year
The benefits of Brussels, London 4 November 2014
Internationalstudents
The benefits of Brussels, London 4 November 2014
289,274 students come from outside France
• 12% of total• 41% at the doctoral level• 75% are in the universities
Percentage of international students in French HE institutions since 1998
Origin of international students
2.47 million students in France
The benefits of Brussels, London 4 November 2014
Academic year 2012-2013
number of students
A complex system, with a risk of heterogeneity and lack of visibility
Engineeringor other specialized
Schools (3500)
Universities(73)
students
research
A fragmented system
NationalResearch
Institutions(30)
research
The benefits of Brussels, London 4 November 2014
95% of the research units are mixed (UMR)
Sciences
Life sciences
Humanities & social science
1Research performance in France : a strong geographic and
institutional concentration
The benefits of Brussels, London 4 November 2014
A contract policy since 1990 based on targeted objectives for all rather than performance
The benefits of Brussels, London 4 November 2014
based on a project made by each HE institution after a period for dialogue, a contract is signed with the Ministry for Higher Education and Research, i.e. the State
4-year contracts until 2010 5-year contracts since 2011
in parallel, HE institutions very often sign a contract with local authorities, generally the Region, involved in HE linked to local industries
Towards new forms of regulation and
cooperation since 2005
2
More performance and evaluation: a funding agency for research projects in 2005 and an independent evaluation agency in 2007 A law for research in 2006: PRES and other structuring tools
In 2007, a new legislation on academic freedom and responsibility increased the autonomy of universitiesMore financial support and « Operation Campus » in 2008 to improve university facilities
Implementation of 5 “alliances”
Excellence initiatives (« Investing for the future ») from 2010
A law for higher education and research in July 2013
Strategic agenda for Research France- UE 2020,
A simplified system for accreditation
National strategy for HE (STRANES), National strategy for research (SNR)
« Investing for the future » 2
Some major steps
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2014
2015
2013
2013
a rise in financial support for HE: a total of €29 billion in 2012
a new system for distribution
of resources, taking into account both activity and performance
an important rise in annual expense per student: average €11,740 in 2012 (70% from the State, 11% from the Region)
Without reducing the public budget
Evolution of operating
credits
Average expense per student
13 - 13
Minister of education, higher education and research
POLITICAL LEVEL
Research, R&D, innovation, Higher Education stakeholders
Foundations/other agences
FirmsInstitutions of Higehr education
and research(universities, grandes écoles, écoles)
Parliament
Bpifrance
ANR
National planning
EVALUATION
HCERES
Research Institutions
Alliances
Gouvernment
RegionsOther
ministries
AGENCES / PROGRAMMES
Pôles de compétitivité
European Area of Research
COMUE
Site contracts
Conseil stratégique de la recherche (PM)
And creating the conditions for an innovative eco-system of HE and research
Leading to a new landscape for
excellences
3
A new Site policy: its objectives
to federate the actors on the site
-on a common strategic road map
-in agreement with the national and European framework:
Horizon 2020, SNR and STRANES, regional strategies, …
to simplify the national pattern of HE and coordinate local organizations
to allow internationally visible HE, research and innovation clusters
to facilitate transfer towards economic development
Clustering, as proposed by the 2006 law, was optional, the 2013 law made it compulsory
Site policy: the possibilities
what is a site ? often a region size
the actors' choice
a leader: only one institution is in charge of local coordination
a pivotal role for universities in the pattern of the site
Which model? 3 possibilities :
1- institutional merger 2- creation of a community (COMUE),
both a federation of universities and a new independent institution
3- association with the leader
the site 5-year site contract has replaced the university (or other institution) contract, with an experimentation last year with Alsace and Lorraine, and contracts for the Paris groups this year
Shared scientific projects and training paths : scientific clusters and priorities, English tracks, digital development and equipment, life long learning, targeted international policies, mobility schemes, etc..
With specific aspects for each member of the group
Strategic roadmaps to become stronger at national, European and international levels
community
association
25 projects including 20 communities (COMUE)(8 in Paris region)and 5 associations
Institutional mergers in Strasbourg, Lorraine, Aix-Marseille, Bordeaux, …
Conclusion
- A new landscape for HE and Research aiming at strengthening cooperation and autonomy in a centralised and fragmented system
- New modes of regulation for more competitiveness and attractiveness
- More performance based objectives while ensuring equity and access, European and international cooperation
An idea of the French excellences…but still too recent to evaluate the results..
The benefits of Brussels, London 4 November 2014