Global Partnership for Education Webinar on National Education Account

Ousmane Diouf and Said VoffalInternational Institute for Educational Planning(IIEP)

and UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)1st September 2016

SDG 4 and Education 2030

• Sustainable Development Goal no.4:Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

• Education 2030 Framework for Action: ‘Education expenditure per student by level of education and source of funding’ Implies coverage of all sources of financing (government,

households and international) and a disaggregation, at a minimum, by level of education.

The availability of education financing data at international level is insufficient

Why?-Data does not exist at national level

-Data exists but not easily accessible

-Data exists but requires significant processing and estimations to be usable

-Data requires additional manipulations to fit into internationally comparable categories

-Reporting data at international level is not a priority for countries

UNESCO NEA project

– 8 countries: Guinea, Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Lao PDR, Nepal, Viet Nam

– All using National Education Accounts framework

– Started in September 2013, will end July 2016

National Education Accounts(NEA): what is it?

• Comprehensive education finance data collection and analysis exercise covering:

– Who finances education? – How much do they spend?– Where do the funds go?– What are the funds being spent on?

Origins of NEA

System of National Accounts (SNA)

Sector/Satellite AccountsNational Health Accounts

National Education Accounts

• International (UN) standards to measure the whole economy of a country (ex. to measure GDP)

• Produced/agreed by IMF, EU, OECD, UN and World Bank

• National initiatives: France since the 1970s, Portugal, the Philippines, Thailand

• UNESCO IIEP: Benin, Dominican Republic, Mauritania, Madagascar in the 1990s, Kenya in 2012

• USAID o Creative Associates: 4 states in

Nigeria, Moroccoo RTI International: El Salvador

• World Bank: Turkey

National Education Accounts

UNESCO-GPE-project

1. General government-Central, state, local

2. Private sector-Households, corporations, nonprofit

3. Rest of the world-Grants, loans

Administrative officesGeneral administration and organization of the system

Tertiary

Upper-secondary

Educational institutions:1. Public2. PrivateTeaching activities

Object of expenditures

Ancillary servicesObject of expenditures

Connected goods and services1. Transport2. Uniforms

3. Schools books and teaching materials4. Private tuition/extra classes

Pre-primary

Primary

Lower-secondary

TVETProducing units

Activities Economic transaction

Financing units

1. Teaching staff compensation

2. Non-teaching staff compensation

3. School books and learning materials

4. Other goods and services

5. Gross capital formation

6. Ancillary services

Transfers

Level of education

A coherent accounting framework around 5 dimensions

Financing units

Financing

tables

Producing

(income &

expenditures)

tables

Producing units

(education providers)

Data collection

Synthesis tables

The NEA exercise

Data processing Reconciliation & consolidation

Analysis & dissemination

Framework

National report/brief

Reporting data internationally

(UIS/UOE)

Mapping of financial

flows

Classification

Without an NEA, expenditure on education is often vastly underestimated: Education expenditure as %

GDP before and After NEA

Nepal (2015) Côte d'Ivoire (2014) Viet Nam (2013) Uganda (2014)0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

3.8%4.4%

6.0%

2.1%

9.3%

7.3%7.9%

6.3%

After NEA

Before NEA

Key methodological outputs of the UNESCO GPE-funded NEA project

International guidelines on NEA:• Framework and classification• Complete NEA databases on expenditure for each country for several years• Consolidation and estimations methods• Organisation and institutionalisation• Methodological guide on to estimate household expenditure on education

from Household Surveys

Follow up on the NEA project results

• Follow up with the 8 participating countries to support them sustaining and institutionalizing the accomplished work

• Dissemination of the NEA methodology through regional workshops (Asia and Africa)

• Building methodological links between NEA and other surveys/studies (BOOST, CSR, PER, UIS questionnaire on expenditure) using templates