Global Rust Reference Center (GRRC): Current research and servicesCurrent research and services

Mogens S Hovmøller, Annemarie F Justesen, Stephanie Walter, Chris K Sørensen, Tine Thach, Julian R Algaba, Poul Lassen,

Jens G Hansen

The Borlaug Global Rust Initiative NetworkThe Borlaug Global Rust Initiative Network

GRRC, Aarhus UniversityDenmark

GRRC established in 2008 with support from CIMMYT, ICARDA and Aarhus University• Quarantine facility which can recieve live

samples of wheat rust year roundp y(pathotyping)

• Store alive isolates of incoming samples &• Store alive isolates of incoming samples & take responsibility for ”historic” Stubbscollection (Wageningen University NL)collection (Wageningen University, NL)

• Assist in training of scientists in wheat rust pathology

www.wheatrust.org

Type of GRRC activities, funding bodies and budget

Applied Research nationalInternational Activities National Strategic Research pHd Education

Annual average 2013-2015: ~ 1.6 M US$

WheatWheat rust rust quarantinequarantinefacilitfacilitfacilityfacility

N2 N2 storagestorage of live of live wheatwheat rust rust isolatesisolates~ 8000 samples from recent years

N2 N2 storagestorage of live of live wheatwheat rust rust isolatesisolates~ 5000 samples from historic ”Stubbs” collection

New GRRC standard procedure for P. striiformis sample handling prior to virulence phenotyping and DNA genotyping

Plant inoculationExcision of single lesionfrom leaf sample andinduction of sporulation on

Isolate multiplicationand subsequent pathotyping

pwet Whatman paper

Excision ofsingle lesionfrom dry leafSSR genotyping from dry leafSSR genotyping

with ABI3730XL DNA Analyzer

DNA extraction

Q

Multiplex PCR from 75ngDNA with 20 SSR primers(Ali et al BMC Research with Qiagen

DNeasy Plant Mini Kit

(Ali et al. BMC Research Notes 2011, 4:240) in 2 Multiplex reactions

GRRC Wheat Rust Sample Summary 2013y

GRRC Wheat Rust Sample Summary 2013y

T h t t iTwo short stories

1. Origin and spread of two aggressive1. Origin and spread of two aggressive strains of P. striiformis

2 U d di h i l h2. Understanding the virulence phenotype(case: Yr17)( )

P. Striiformis aggressiveness

Increased aggressiveness:

Refers to a pathogen isolatethat causes disease more quick and severe on a qsusceptible host (compatibleinteraction) - compared to a reference isolatereference isolate

• Susceptible cv. Cartago• 12 days after inoculation

i b t d i th

Non-aggressive Aggressive strain

- incubated in the same environment

strain NA 1990 NA 2005

P. Striiformis aggressiveness

Walter et al. 2012:570 isolates from 40 countries• 570 isolates from 40 countries and six continents (recent collections by GRRC and references from the historicreferences from the historic “Stubbs” collection)

AAssays: • 3 SCAR markers (developed

from AFLP polymorphic sites) d 20 SSR kand 20 SSR markers were

applied to assess genetic association to PstS1 and PstS2 ( i t i )

Non-aggressive Aggressive strain

(aggressive strains)• 15 virulences based on 25-30

wheat differential linesstrain NA 1990 NA 2005

2. Understanding the virulence phenotype

Example: phenotyping virulence to Yr17 derived from T. ventricosum/ VPM1

Yr17 virulence Yr17 avirulence Yr17 avirulence? Yr17 virulence?Yr17 virulence Yr17 avirulence Yr17 avirulence?

2. Understanding the virulence phenotype

New exotic race appeared in high frequency in Europe in 2011: Ambition (DK)/Warrior (UK)

Conclusions (preliminary)Conclusions (preliminary)

• Isolates of Ambition/Warrior race heterozygous for virulence to Yr17

• Virulence to Yr17 dominant or co-dominant

Concluding remarks• Global Rust Reference Center (GRRC) is running and

expanding – emphasis on yellow (stripe) and stem rust

• Isolate collections expanding, - contributing to the understanding of host-pathogen interactions at the geneticand epidemiological level

• Wheat Rust Toolbox provide a new tool for rapid p pdissemination and interpretation of a wide array of resultsrelated to ’wheat rust epidemiology’

• Significant increase in activities in recent years (projectfunding and investment in facilities by Aarhus University)

AcknowledgementsInternational collaborators

• Kumarse Nazari, ICARDA• Amor Yahyaoui, ICARDA

R i Si h CIMMYT

GRRC-team

• Ravi Singh, CIMMYT• Dave Hudson, CIMMYT• Claude Pope, INRA (F)• Jonathan Yuen, SLU (S)• Cristobal Uauy, JIC (UK)• Rosemary Bayles, NIAB (UK)ose a y ay es, (U )• Kerstin Flath, JKI (D)• James Brown, JIC(UK)

Sajid Ali (P)• Sajid Ali, (P)• > 40 people who submitted samples from

Asia, Africa and South America