global value chains and air transport policy
TRANSCRIPT
Global Value Chains
and
Air Transport Policy
David T. Fung
ACDEG Group
Western Aviation Summit
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
May 2, 2013 1
2013.05.02
2013.05.02 2
Globalization Reality
Todd Evans, Director of Corporate Research, EDC
Globe & Mail April 11, 2012e
2013.05.02 3
Growth of Canadian Globalization - 2009
(C$ billion)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Foreign Affiliate Revenue Export of Goods and Services
4
Presentation
• The ACDEG Group
• Driving Forces in Global Value Chains
• Canadian participation in Evolving
Markets and Supply Chains
• Innovative transportation policies to
encourage competition and global access
• Summary
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5
ACDEG Businesses
Energy
Environment
Efficiency
2013.05.02
6
ACDEG Characteristics
Risks seekers
--
Unwanted >>> Value
2013.05.02
7
Partnerships and Joint Ventures
• Waste gas to electrical power
• Renewable energy
• Recycling packaging wastes
• Forestry wastes to bio-fuels
• Wood pulps to paper products
• Specialty chemicals distribution
• Products fabrication and branding
• Marine Equipment
• Agri-food and seafood
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Distribution Innovation
Unit
Trains of
Sulphuric
Acid
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9
Economic Distance of Acid Distribution
Source: NorFalco LLC
300 km
extended
to
2,000
km
10
Shanghai WEI-Gang Energy Co., Ltd.
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11
Courtesy of Halifax Port Authority and Atlantic Institute for Market Studies
Container Cranes for Tuen Mun Port (Hong Kong)
2013.05.02
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Courtesy of Halifax Port Authority and Atlantic Institute for Market Studies
Fireboats in Hong Kong
2013.05.02
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Courtesy of Halifax Port Authority and Atlantic Institute for Market Studies
Container Barges
14
Manufacturing
• Drywall Finishing Tools
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Consumer and Industrial Hardware
2013.05.02
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Small solar
and wind
turbine
powered
lamp
standards
Courtesy of Anthony Ivanoff
2013.05.02
17
Energy Equipment Packages
Leading designer and manufacturer of
Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet (TFPM)
Generators & Motors
TFPM –Transverse Flux
Permanent Magnet
Source: Cycle Capital Management
2013.05.02 18
Eocycle’ TFPM generator technology offers significant cost
reduction when compared to the best PM alternative:
Overall smaller generator volume → 50% less
Overall lighter generator → 25% less
Less permanent magnets → 35% less
Lower quality permanent magnets → Easier supply – lower price
Significant copper reduction → 75% less
Those estimates are based on replacing the highest quality RFPM generator combined with a single stage - 1:10
gearbox (see next slide).
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Large wind
Eocycle TFPM competitive advantage
Source: Cycle Capital management
20
New Products from Recycled Plastics
Plastics Pallets
German
Recycling
Plants
2013.05.02
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Wet Mechanical Preparation
Central separation of composites -
Pulping and
washing
the raw materials
22
A Virtual Specialty Chemicals Business
• Markets in North America
• Sourcing from China and Europe
• Quality control at ports of shipment
• Marketing and logistics from Montreal
• Technical support from Toronto
• Financing from Vancouver
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Global Supply Chain and Marketing
Pulp and Paper
Wood Pulps
Paper Board and Tissues
2013.05.02
24
Decorative and Consumer Products
2013.05.02
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Sustainable Aquaculture
Location
Biofans
Management
Biotech
Manufacturing
2013.05.02
26
Economy of Scale
Aquaculture Production
(000 MT)
34,000
1800
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
China Canada
Sources: USDA (2008); Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance (2006) 2013.05.02
27
2011 GDP Ranking (Purchasing Power Parity Basis)
Source: CIA World Fact Book 2013.05.02
GD
P (
US
$ T
rillio
n)
28
2011 Trading Country Ranking
Source: CIA World Fact Book 2013.05.02
GD
P (
US
$ T
rillio
n)
Source: CIA World Fact Book
29
2011 Real GDP Growth Rate (%)
Source: CIA World Fact Book 2013.05.02
GD
P G
row
th R
ate
(%
)
Source: CIA World Fact Book
2013.05.02
30
China Imports Growth
(% of U.S. Imports)
Sources: Statistics Canada, PRC Ministry of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, CIA World Fact
31
Retails Sales Growth - China
(2005-2010)
U.S. Retail Sales Growth in 2010 = 6.6%
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32
Automobiles Sales in China (1978-2010)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Au
tom
ob
iles S
ale
s (
mil
lio
n)
China Grew While North America Diddled
2010 Canadian Vehicle Sales
2010 USA Vehicle Sales
2013.05.02 Source: Automobile Association of China
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Canadian Exports to South Korea
Source: Statistics Canada
Ex
po
rts
(C
$ M
illi
on
)
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34
Canadian Exports to China
Source: Statistics Canada
Ex
po
rts
(C
$ M
illi
on
)
2013.05.02
35
Canadian Exports to U.S.A. as % of Total
Source: Statistics Canada
36
Driving Forces in
Global Value Chains
• Labour and skills availability
– Education and training
• Innovations
– Technologies and business models
• Infrastructure
• Resources
– Natural and recovered
• Global Partnerships and markets
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Economics of
Advanced Technology Industries
Fabrication
Courtesy of
38
The Apple I-Pod
Assembly
1.5 Cents
25 Cents
Distribution
&Retail
50 Cents
Parts 23.5 Cents
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Worldwide Sourcing
– Industrial Electronic Equipment
Industrial Electronic
Equipment
Printed Circuit
Boards
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Victoria’s Secrets Lingerie
• 2005
– 65% by marine
– 35% by air
• 2009
– 10% by marine
– 90% by air
Source: Boston Consulting Group
2013.05.02
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Canadian
Auto Parts
Export to
China
Source: Statistics Canada
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Value Chain
Flexible business models
Producing in China for global markets
In China
Sourcing QC
Manufacturing
Inventory Post
Production
In Hong Kong
Financing Research Transport
IT
Marketing Distribution
In Home Market
Strategic development Design
Sales
Global Vision
Courtesy of HKTDC 2013.05.02
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Managing Risks for Canadian
Manufacturers and Exporters
• Risks
– Currency volatility
– Commodities price volatility
– Skilled labour availability
– Regulatory changes
• Risks management through
diversification
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Risks Management through
Diversification
• Natural currency hedging
• Geographically distributed skilled labour
availability and costs
• Technologies exposure beyond Canada
• Alternative materials and process
options
• Minimize impact of localized “Black
Swans”
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Strategic Opportunities for Canadian
Manufacturers and Exporters
• Leverage natural resources into high
value services and solutions
• Leverage fabrication competitiveness in
emerging economies to expand global
market share
• Adapt strategy, culture and skills to
manage rapidly growing emerging
economies
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Global Value Generation
Left to Rot
Recovery
Global value
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15 of 62
Factories
in China
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e
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Investment and Management
of Global Ventures
- International talent flow
- Direct international flights
- Competitive air fares
- Flight frequencies
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Air Cargoes Service for Wealth Generation
- Access to global markets
- Access to global supply chains
- Access to high-valued niche markets
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High Liner Foods
World
Wide
Sourcing
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Clearwater Seafood
World
Wide
Sourcing
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Fish Can Fly Too!
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Hog Industry in China
(2012)
• Pork Production
- 80 million MT
- 1,000 million animals
Source: Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Chinese National Bureau of Statistics
2013.05.02 57
Canadian Advantages
• Carcass Weight per Animal
- 77 kg (Species in China)
- 89 kg (Species in Canada)
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Pigs Can Fly
• 800 breeder sows per flight from
Canada by air
• 200,000 pigs for slaughter in
China
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Pigs Can Fly
• 1 Airbus A340 flight /day everyday
from Winnipeg International Airport
• 73 million pigs per year for
slaughter in China (8% of China’s
pork consumption)
• Annual export value – $930 million
60
Trans-oceanic Air Cargoes City-Pairs
Guangzhou - Chicago Printed Circuit
Boards, I-phones
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Guangzhou
Chicago
61
Trans-oceanic Air Cargoes City-Pairs
Chongqing - Winnipeg
????????
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Chongqing
Winnipeg
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Air Cargoes Global Routes
Santiago – Winnipeg – Chongqing – Paris
Computers
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Chongqing
Winnipeg Paris
Fashion Garments
Cut Flowers
63
Policy Innovations to Meet Market Needs
• Define a reasonable scope to protect Air
Canada’s interests as a national carrier
• Open up the rest to international
competition
• Offer subsidized services to low-density
domestic destinations through tendering by
private carriers
• Encourage open sky global route air cargo
service
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Summary (1)
• Canada has a favorable manufacturing
environment
• Driving forces of global value chains
– Resistance is futile
• Risks management through diversification
of markets and supply chains
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Summary (2/2)
• Offer reasonable but limited scope of
protection to Air Canada as a national carrier
• Support low-density destinations with
subsidies through open competition
• Encourage open sky air cargo policies as an
economic development tool to help Canadian
businesses access global markets and supply
chains
2013.05.02