global wind patterns
DESCRIPTION
Global wind patterns. http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/wwhlpr/hurricane_globalwinds.rxml?hret=/indexlist.rxml. Hurricane Interior. N 2 780,900 O 2 209,400 H 2 O variable (TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Global wind patterns
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/wwhlpr/hurricane_globalwinds.rxml?hret=/indexlist.rxml
![Page 3: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Typical content of the atmosphere (ppm by volume near the surface)
• N2 780,900
• O2 209,400
• H2O variable (<20,000)• Argon 9,300• CO2 375• Neon 16• Helium 5.2• Krypton 1• Xenon 0.08
• Methane 1.0-1.2• NO 0.5• H2 0.5
• NO2 0.02
• O3 0.01-0.04
• Sox 0.002
![Page 4: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Atmospheric structure
http://www.mardiros.net/atmosphere/atmosphere_structure.html
Average dT/dh = -6 K/kmThe region of weather!
T relatively constant, increasing toAbout 200K at the stratopause
T up to 1500 K due to intensesolar radiation
Chemical composition changes to bericher in lighter gases, gravitational stratification almost no H2O or ozone
![Page 5: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Common Pollutants
Total volume in the US is about 180Mton/yr: about 3.3lb/day.personNote: this is about HALF of what it was 40 years ago even though the populationand economy have grown substantially
Sometimes called TSP
![Page 6: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Typical Health effects:time and concentration matter
![Page 7: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Smoke stacks, the first solution
http://photovault.com/Link/Industry/IndustrySmokestacks.html
![Page 8: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Aerosols
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Aerosols/
![Page 9: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Temperature Inversion
http://www.weatherquestions.com/What_is_a_temperature_inversion.htm
In extreme casesthe temperature canactually increase withheight. The inversioninhibits convection andas a result, pollutantscan concentrate near the ground.
![Page 10: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Temperature Inversion
http://daphne.palomar.edu/calenvironment/smog.htm
![Page 11: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Acid rain patterns in
the US
NOTE: neutral water is pH=7; the lower the number, the stronger the acid.
![Page 12: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Schanghai Dec. 1993
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sha1993_smog_wkpd.jpg
![Page 13: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Typical TRACE Impurities in Coal (does not include
sulphur, which is not a trace impurity!)
•How much lead, mercury, and uranium is emitted per year in the US by power plants burning this stuff?
![Page 15: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec1_3.pdf
![Page 16: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Air pollution profile for typical cities
![Page 17: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
K&H fig 8.13
![Page 18: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
http://www.dukepower.com/environment/air/scrubber_diagram.pdf
http://www.indiana.edu/~rcapub/v20n3/p9.html
See also an IU articleOn coal and limestone:
![Page 19: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Pollution control devices: Power plant
![Page 20: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/catalytic-converter.htm
![Page 21: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Global warming: What is the controversy?
http://www.junkscience.com/GMT/index.htm
Interesting NPR story on recently rejected coal power plant in Kansashttp://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15546026
![Page 22: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/images/Erb/components2.gif
![Page 23: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle
![Page 24: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Spectrum of Solar radiation at the Earth’s surface
H&K fig 6.2
Absorption bands due to gasses like CO2, H2O, CH4 etc. These are the so-called green-house gasses.
![Page 26: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
COCO22 Concentrations and Temperature Change Concentrations and Temperature Change
Note that total temperature change across several ice ages was only about 12oC or about 22oF.
![Page 27: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle
![Page 28: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
http://www.whrc.org/carbon/ (Woods Hole Research Center)
Sediments and sedimentaryRocks could account for another6x107 Petagrams! (www.physicalgeography.net/9r.html)
![Page 29: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Ozone in the atmosphere: good and bad
http://www.mardiros.net/atmosphere/atmosphere_structure.html
10 ppm ozone at ~ 50 km compared to40 ppb ozone in the troposphere!
![Page 30: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part2.html
Ozone levels at Halley Bay station (Antarctica)
![Page 31: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
TOMS Satellite movie(Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer)
http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/anim_toms.html
![Page 32: Global wind patterns](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081505/56815d61550346895dcb676c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
TOMS Satellite movie(Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer)
http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part2.html