gnet 20601 introduction to content. gnet 20602 introduction
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION TO CONTENT
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INTRODUCTION
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Introduction
A silly theory results in such silly graphics as:Comparison of solar radiation and stock prices…
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Introduction
Comparison of student grades with desk sizes.
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Introduction
These may be “correlations”, but not “cause and effect.”
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GRAPHICS
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Graphics
Graphics should:Show data…
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Graphics
Make the viewer think about the content…
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Graphics
Avoid distortion…
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Graphics
Present many numbers in a small space.
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Graphics
Make large data sets understandable…
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Graphics
Encourage comparisons…
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Graphics
Serve a clear purpose, and…
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Graphics
Integrate words and statistics.
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PRINCIPLES OF GRAPHIC EXCELLENCE
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Principles
A well designed presentation of interesting data includes:
Substance…
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Principles
Statistics, and…
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Principles
Excellent design.
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Principles
Complex ideas are communicated with:
Clarity…
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Principles
Precision, and…
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Principles
Efficiency.
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Principles
Present many ideas in the shortest time…
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Principles
Let the data tell the truth, and...
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Principles
Show the variation of data, not design.
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Principles
Never quote data out of context.
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Principles
Use labeling that is:ClearDetailed.
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Principles
Use standardized measurements, and…
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Principles
Present quantities that are proportionally correct.
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ATTRACTIVE GRAPHICS
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Attractive Graphics
Have proper format and design…
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Attractive Graphics
Use:WordsNumbersDrawings.
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Attractive Graphics
Reflect:BalanceProportionRelevant scale...
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Attractive Graphics
Display details…
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Attractive Graphics
Tell a story, and…
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Attractive Graphics
Avoid “chartjunk”.
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CORRECT GRAPHICS
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Correct Graphics
Spell out words…
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Correct Graphics
Avoid elaborate:ColoringShadingCross-hatchingLegends.
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Correct Graphics
Read from left to right…
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Correct GraphicsExplain all data…
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Correct GraphicsProvoke curiosity, and…
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Correct GraphicsUse sans serif type for visuals.
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EXAMPLES
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Space Junk
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Space Junk
7,000 items of space junk orbit our world:Dead satellites...Frozen sewage from astronauts...rocket engine explosion fragments.
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Space Junk
34 nuclear reactor fuel cores…Shrapnel from test weapons...Garbage bags.
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Unknown Objects
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Unknown Objects
What is the size of this painting?
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Unknown Objects
Artist Roy Lichtenstein stands on a ladder.
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Inaccuracy
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Inaccuracy
Grids were used in Renaissance paintings to exaggerate perspective (see next slide).
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Inaccuracy
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The Broad Street Pump
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Broad Street
There were 500 fatal attacks of cholera in 10 days in 1854 in England.
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Broad Street
All were within 250 yards of the Broad Street and Cambridge Street intersection.
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Broad Street
John Snow tested the city-provided well water and found no impurities.
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Broad Street
Mr. Snow plotted the deaths on a map: This is the
first recorded time ascatter plot was used.
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Broad Street
Data showed a link to the free water from the Broad Street Pump.
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Broad Street
The handle was removed from the pump…The epidemic ended.
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Labels - NOT Numbers or
Letters
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Labels
Codes are meaningless.
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LabelsLabels clarify.
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Inappropriate Color
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Color
Aggressive color shows the color.
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Color
Light tints show the information, not the color.
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The Challenger Disaster
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Challenger
The Space Shuttle Challengerexploded onJanuary 28, 1986 and 7 astronauts died.
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Challenger
Icicles hung from the Challenger.
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Challenger
Ambient temperatures were in the low 30s…
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Challenger
The O-rings were less than 20oF, and…
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Challenger
The Predicted temperature at launch was 26 to 29 degrees.
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Challenger
The engineers opposed the launch.
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Challenger
Engineers prepared charts like the ones you will now be presented.
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Challenger
The Thiokol managers said the evidence presented by the engineers did not link cold temperature with O-rings.
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Challenger
NASA officials were appalled by the recommendation not to launch.
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Challenger
The Challenger blew up 73 seconds afterthe rocketswere ignited.
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Challenger
The 13 charts the engineers prepared were weak…
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Challenger
One chart left off temperature totally…
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Challenger
One chart had 6 different types of data making it meaningless…
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Challenger
Items such as nozzle blow-by were included which had nothing to do with cold weather…
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Challenger
22 previous flights with their temperature variations were not presented together...
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Challenger
92% of the temperature data was left out, and...
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Challenger
Data was “selectively” chosen.
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Challenger
A simple table would have linked O-rings and cold weather.
Distribute table.
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ChallengerEven a “rocket chart”, next slide, of all 24 previous flights and the 48 rockets would have shown a link between cold temperature and O-ring failure.
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Challenger
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ChallengerA scatterplot even shows the link.
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Challenger
Predicted Launch Temperature
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Challenger
Remember - there are right ways and
wrong ways to display data.
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EXAMPLE APPLICATION TO
INDUSTRY
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Product Instruction
Manual
The Problem
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Problem
Executive Officers want the existing Product Instruction Manual evaluated; there have been complaints.
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Problem
A committee is formed of mid-management executives who determine the criteria to be used.
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Problem
An employee committee is formed to use the criteria to evaluate the existing product instruction manual and…
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Problem
… make recommendations to
… who will report to the
Mid-Management
Executive officers of the company.
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Information
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Information
Many manuals:are written from an engineer’s point of view.are too complex.
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Information
Many manuals:are incomplete – from the user’s point of view.use jargon.
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Information
Many manuals:use narrative to explain an illustration.
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Information
Begin with “Who should read this document.”Describe the product and its purpose.
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Information
Identify each part and its components.Write in small steps.
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Information
Use illustrations to explain the narrative.
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Information
Do not describe what the product can do.Instead explain how to do something with the product.
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Information
Include troubleshooting techniques.Instill confidence in whomever reads the manual.
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Information
No ambiguity – the person reading the manual cannot ask questions.
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Information
IgniteMountApplyCut
ConnectExcavateMeasureInsert
Begin each step with a strong verb:
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The End