gnss presentation
TRANSCRIPT
PRESENTED BY:RANJEET SINGH SACHIN ANAND
INTRODUTION
• Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is the standard generic term for satellite navigation systems that provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage.
• GNSS allows small electronic receivers to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude) to within a few meters using time signals transmitted along a line-of-sight by radio from satellites.
OBJECTIVE
• Study various navigation systems.
• Frequencies used by these systems
• Type of technologies used for the manufacturing of GNSS receivers
• C-Band consideration
• New GNSS receivers available in the market.
• Practical use of GNSS
GLOBAL NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
• Four types of Global Navigation Systems
1. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)
2. GLONASS
3. GALILEO
4. COMPASS
COMPARISON OF GNSS SYSTEMS
System Country CodingOrbital height & period
Number of satellites
Status
GPSUnited States
CDMA22,200km, 12.0h
≥ 24 operational
GLONASS Russia FDMA19,100km, 11.3h
20
operational with restrictions, CDMA in preparation
Galileo Europe CDMA23,222km, 14.1h
≥ 27in preparation
Compass China CDMA21,150km, 12.6h
>30in preparation
PRINCIPLE OF GPS
WORKING
FREQUENCIES USED
• GPS: L1 - (1575.42MHz)(C/A, P(Y), L1M), L2 - (1227.60MHz)(P(Y), L2C, L2M), L3 – (1381.05MHz)(Used by NUDET), L5 – (1176.45MHz) (New civilian (safety-of-life) signal)
• GLONASS: L1 - (1602.2MHz)(FDMA Civilian & Military),L2 -(1246.00MHz)(FDMA Civilian & Military)
• GALILEO: L1- (1575.42MHz), E5- (1189MHz), E6-(1278.75)
• COMPASS: E1 - (1589 MHz), E2 - (1561 MHz), E5b - (1207 MHz) & E6 - (1268 MHz)
GNSS RECEIVER TECHNOLOGIES• GNSS receiver technology has changed dramatically since the first
reception of a GPS signal
• The core of a modern receiver is contained in one or more highly sophisticated chips that perform all the receiver’s tasks, starting with signal processing, followed by positioning, and often ending at application processing.
• Four technologies:
1. Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
2. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)
3. Digital signal processors (DSPs)
4. General purpose processors (CPUs)
Technology Development Performance Power Consumption
Single Unit Cost
Flexibility
ASIC - - ++ ++ ++ - -
FPGA - ++ + - +
DSP/CPU ++ +/++ +/- - +/- ++
GNSS RECEIVER TECHNOLOGIES COMPARISON
C(4-8 GHz)/L(1-2 GHz) Band Consideration
• All GNSS signals operate in the crowded L-band portion of the radio frequency spectrum
• In the past C-band spectrum has been considered and rejected due to: - higher free space losses due to limitations on the higher signal frequency. -increase signal attenuation of C-band signals due to heavy rains or indoors.
• Reason of consideration: - Much smaller ionospherical errors for standard single frequency applications. - Decrease payload
GR-3GNSS-RECEIVER
GSR2700 GNSS
GSR2700 GNSS
Number of Channels 72 Universal Channels
Signals Tracked:GPS
GLONASS
GALILEO
L1, L1 CA, L1 P, L2, L2 C, L2 P, L5L1, L1 CA, L1 P, L2, L2 CA, L2 Pall signals
Antenna Type Integrated Micro-Center on Flat Ground Plane
Cellular Communications
Integrated via SIM Card, GSM/GPRS
Wireless Communications
Integrated Bluetooth version 1.2
Operating Temperature
–20°C to 50°C
Environmental Specification
waterproof/dustproof
Number of channels
72 universal channels
GPSGLONASS
L1, L2, L5 L1, L2
Antenna Type Internal Pinwheel GNSS antenna
Memory 64 MB standard, upgradeable to 2 GB
Cellular Communications
Integrated via SIM Card, GSM/GPRS
Operating Temperature
-40°C to +65°C
Environmental Specification
waterproof/dustproof
GR-3GNSS-RECEIVER
CASE STUDIES
1. DETECTION OF POSITION OF
TRAIN INSIDE TUNNELS
2. LANDMINES DETECTION
DETECTION OF POSITION OF TRAIN INSIDE TUNNELS
OUTSIDE TUNNEL
INSIDE TUNNEL
LANDMINE DETECTION
INTERNAL VIEW OF ROBOT
APPLICATIONS
•Automobiles
•Aircraft
•Boats and ships
•Spacecraft
•Precise time reference
•Skydiving
CONCLUSION
• GNSS will be very exciting over the next ten years where more than 70 positioning satellites will be available.
• New technologies for receiver designing
• C band is taken in consideration
REFERENCES
[1]. Guente R W. HeIN, THOMAS PANy, STefAN WALLNeR, JONG-HOON WON , “Platforms for a future GNSS Receiver” UnIversIty FAF MUnIch
[2]. Glen Gibbons, “GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, Compass: What GNSS Race”.
[3]. India signs GLONASS agreement http://www.rin.org.uk/pooled/articles/BF_NEWSART/view.asp?Q=BF_NEWSART_156825
[4]. “Boost to Galileo sat-nav system". BBC News. 25 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5286200.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-10
[5]. "JAXA Quasi-Zenith Satellite System". JAXA. http://qzss.jaxa.jp/is-qzss/qzss_e.html Retrieved 2009-02-22
[6].Andreas Schmitz,”Architecture for a future C-band/L-band GNSS Mission”,P[1-2]
[7]. Vialite,”GPS signal Re-Radiating in tunnel network”, PPM Ltd, 65 Shrivenham Hundred Business Park, Watchfield, Swindon, Wiltshire SN6 8TY, UK,P[2-4]
[8]. Topcon,”GPS+GLONASS+GALILEO+COMPASS”, www.topcon.eu,P[2-3]
[9]. www.novatel.com\gnss-750
[10]. Two DeLorme Drive Yarmouth,” GPS Module Antenna and RF Design Guidelines”, www.delorme.com
[11]. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GNSS