Goal #5

Classification

I. I. SpeciesSpecies = group = group of organisms of organisms that share that share similar similar characteristics characteristics that can breed to that can breed to produce produce fertilefertile offspringoffspring

• ~ 1.5 million different spp

• ~ 2 -100 million not discovered

II. Classification of Organisms

• Common names of org. are usually used outside of science– bird– Sea horse– Cougar, mountain lion, panther,

pumaA. Taxonomy = classification of

organsims by assigning each organism a name– Use Latin and Greek language

(18th century)1. Taxon: level of

organization in taxonomy (group)

B. Binomial Nomenclature= Two-word naming system of org.

(each species has a two-part scientific name)– Always write name in italics– 1st word is genus (capitalized),– 2nd word is species and is lowercase– Example: Homo sapiens

• Developed by Carolus Linnaeus– 18th century

Section 18-1

Flowchart

Go to Section:

Common Name: Albino Brown Rat

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: RodentiaFamily: MuridaeGenus: Rattus

Species: norvegicus

Common Name: Green Tree Frog

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: Amphibia

Order: AnuraFamily: Hylidae

Genus: HylaSpecies: cinerea

Common Name: Human Species

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: Primates

Family: HominidaeGenus: Homo

Species: sapiens

Common Name: Red Crayfish

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: Malacostraca

Order: DecapodaFamily: CambaridaeGenus: Procambarus

Species: clarkii

Human SpeciesKingdom: Animalia…. animalsPhylum: Chordata…. spinal chordClass: Mammalia… warm blood, fur, milk, lungs, live birthOrder: Primates… 5 fingers, thumbs, color vision, omnivoresFamily: Hominidae… humans, chimps, gorillas, orangutansGenus: Homo… erect posture, large cranium, bipedal, tool-usingSpecies: sapiens… ground-dwelling, tail-less, hands-free, speech & language

Whose name is it?Homo sapiensMus musculusUrsus horribilisCanis familianisFelis domesticus

Panthera leoHelianthus annuusAcinonyx jubatus

Rana pipiensPinus strobus

Taraxacum oficinale

Human

House Mouse

Grizzly Bear

Dog

Cat

Lion

Sunflower

Cheetah

Frog

Pine Tree

Dandelion

Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda

Red fox Abert squirrel

Coral snake

Sea star

KINGDOM Animalia

PHYLUM Chordata

CLASS Mammalia

ORDER Carnivora

FAMILY Ursidae

GENUS Ursus

SPECIES Ursus arctos

Section 18-1

Go to Section:

Common Name: Albino Brown Rat

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: RodentiaFamily: Muridae

Genus: RattusSpecies: norvegicus

Common Name: Green Tree Frog

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: Amphibia

Order: AnuraFamily: Hylidae

Genus: HylaSpecies: cinerea

Common Name: Human Species

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: Primates

Family: HominidaeGenus: Homo

Species: sapiens

Common Name: Red Crayfish

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: Malacostraca

Order: DecapodaFamily: CambaridaeGenus: Procambarus

Species: clarkii

Human SpeciesKingdom: Animalia…. animalsPhylum: Chordata…. spinal chordClass: Mammalia… warm blood, fur, milk, lungs, live birthOrder: Primates… 5 fingers, thumbs, color vision, omnivoresFamily: Hominidae… humans, chimps, gorillas, orangutansGenus: Homo… erect posture, large cranium, bipedal, tool-usingSpecies: sapiens… ground-dwelling, tail-less, hands-free, speech & language

Whose name is it?Homo sapiensMus musculusUrsus horribilisCanis familianisFelis domesticus

Panthera leoHelianthus annuusAcinonyx jubatus

Rana pipiensPinus strobus

Taraxacum oficinale

HumanHouse MouseGrizzly Bear

DogCatLion

SunflowerCheetah

FrogPine TreeDandelion

III. Evolutionary Classification1. Species are placed into taxa based on

evolutionary history, not just physical traits– uses molecular similarities (DNA/RNA) of

organsim

2. Also called phylogenetic classification

3. Cladogram• A diagram that shows

the evolutionary relationship among a group organisms– Uses derived

characteristics = new characteristics that arise as organisms evolve

Theropods

Allosaurus

Sinornis

Velociraptor

Archaeopteryx

Robin

Light bones 3-toed foot; wishbone

Down feathers

Feathers withshaft, veins,and barbs

Flight feathers;arms as long

as legs

C#7: ClassificationWrite a minimum 5 - 7 sentence paragraph explaining why it is important to classify the diversity of living things.

5

Write 10 sentence paragraph about two different species of bears, that illustrates binomial nomenclature. Cite all references used.

10

Draw a cladogram of a manufactured item, such as a car, house-hold item, that has changed over the years. Label derived characters that appeared as new models arose.

10

Research different organisms found in each kingdom. Sketch or use photos to create a poster (full-size) illustrating all the diversity found in each kingdom. Include names of organisms and must be in color

15

Chapter 18 Assessment (1st page of assessment only) 10