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GOES Solar Radiation Products GOES Solar Radiation Products in Support of Renewable Energyin Support of Renewable Energy
Presented byIstvan Laszlo
NOAA/NESDIS, Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR)
2010 GOES‐R Algorithm Working Group and GOES‐R Risk Reduction ReviewThe Madison Concourse Hotel, Madison, WI
7‐11 June, 2010
12010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
OutlineOutline
•
Project goal and tasks•
Team
•
Interactions with AWG and leveraging•
Accomplishments
•
Results•
Plans and Recommendations
22010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
The The ““GOES Solar Radiation Products in GOES Solar Radiation Products in Support of Renewable EnergySupport of Renewable Energy””
ProjectProject
•
Objective: Modify/improve and test the geostationary solar radiation budget
algorithms such that they meet the requirements of solar energy (SE)
industry.
•
Tasks: 1.increase spatial resolution: 4 km for GSIP, 2 km for GOES‐R (GPSDI,R3);2.add solar radiation from METEOSAT and MTSAT (GPSDI);3.add direct normal and diffuse radiation as products (R3);4.use EOS aerosol and surface reflectance data (AWG); 5.add tailored products (e.g., averages) (R3);6.create and evaluate climatology of GOES‐based solar radiation data
for renewable energy (R3)
32010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
The The ““GOES Solar Radiation Products in GOES Solar Radiation Products in Support of Renewable EnergySupport of Renewable Energy””
ProjectProject
•
Team: –
NOAA/STAR: I. Laszlo, H. Liu, A. Heidinger (UW), M. Goldberg, F.
Weng; support scientist (not yet hired; progress somewhat limited)–
NOAA/OAR/ESRL: E. Dutton; –
US Department of Energy (DOE)/National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL): B. Walter, T. Stoffel, M. Sengupta–
the project contributes to NOAA’s Renewable Energy Proposal lead by
M. Marquis.
•
Leveraging with other projects & interactions with AWG–
Tasks 1 and 2 are performed in the GOES‐PSDI project ““Upgrades in
GOES Solar Radiation Product Suite for Coral Reef Watch Products”–
Tasks 1, 3, and 4 are performed in part by the AWG Cloud and
Radiation Budget ATs
42010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
AccomplishmentsAccomplishments
•
Calculated solar energy (SE)‐specific products from GSIP‐CONUS
archive for 05/2001‐04/2010–
hourly (in local solar time), daily and monthly averages of total, direct
and diffuse radiation, their variability (anomalies), insolation
clearness
index, etc.
•
Reprocessed GSIP‐CONUS data for 01/2008‐04/2010 using SMOBA
(Stratosphere Monitoring Ozone Blended Analysis) ozone. (The
operational GSIP‐CONUS algorithm uses constant ozone.)
•
Revised GOES‐R ABI SW radiation budget algorithm to calculate and
output the direct and diffuse components.
•
Performed preliminary evaluation of GOES‐R ABI‐algorithm retrieved
instantaneous direct and diffuse components.
•
Held an informal meeting with T. Stoffel, M. Sengupta (DOE/NREL);
discussed collaboration and data/algorithm exchange.
52010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
SE Requirements for Satellite Solar SE Requirements for Satellite Solar Radiation DataRadiation Data
•
The future energy system in the US will have substantial
dependence on wind and solar power.
•
New observations networks, measurement systems and
more data are needed.
•
An increased use of solar energy (SE) on a large scale
requires better availability of solar information to help
SE planning (e.g., siting of SE plants).
•
Current GOES‐based solar radiation products are
designed to satisfy requirements for–
prediction of coral reef health;–
assimilation in and evaluation of hydrological models.•
Data available from current GOES‐based estimates of
solar radiation need to be tailored for SE industry use.
•
Current technologies of solar energy use Photovoltaic
(PV) cells and Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems.
These require timely and accurate estimate of total and
direct irradiances, respectively.
62010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
Selected Solar Energy Specific ProductsSelected Solar Energy Specific Products
Average insolation (Amount of solar radiation incident on the surface of the Earth)
Midday insolation (Average insolation available within 1.5 hours of Local Solar Noon)
Clear sky insolation (Average insolation during clear sky days)
Clear sky days (Number of clear sky days (cloud amount < 10%))
Diffuse radiation on horizontal surface (Amount of solar radiation incident on the surface of the earth under
all‐sky conditions with direct radiation from the Sun's beam blocked
)
Direct normal radiation (Amount of solar radiation at the Earth's surface on a flat surface perpendicular to the Sun's
beam with surrounding sky radiation blocked)
Insolation at hourly intervals (Amount of solar radiation incident on the surface of the Earth during one hour)
Insolation clearness index (Fraction of insolation at the top of the atmosphere which reaches the surface of the
Earth)
Insolation normalized clearness index (Zenith angle‐independent expression of the insolation clearness
index)
Clear sky insolation clearness index
(Fraction of insolation at the top of the atmosphere which reaches the
surface of the earth during clear sky days)
Minimum available insolation as % of average values over consecutive‐day period
(Insolation based on minimum consecutive‐day insolation over various numbers of days within the month)
72010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
NESDIS Satellite Solar NESDIS Satellite Solar ProductsProducts
•
Operational, GOES‐based, solar radiation products–
GSIP‐CONUS:•
GOES Surface and Insolation Product (GSIP) for the Contiguous
United States (CONUS) –
Since 1996–
GSIP‐fd:•
full disk version of GSIP at higher spatial resolution –
Since May 2009–
GOES‐R/ABI (under development):•
Downward Solar Radiation (DSR) at surface derived from the
Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the future GOES‐R
82010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
Characteristics of GOES Surface Characteristics of GOES Surface Solar Radiation ProductsSolar Radiation Products
Current Future
Product GSIP‐CONUS GSIP‐fd GOES‐R/ABI*
Domain CONUS •Northern
Hemisphere (NH)
•Full Disk (FD)
•CONUS (C)•Full Disk (FD)•Mesoscale (M)
Spatial
Resolution
~56 km(0.5x0.5 degrees)
~14 km(1/8x1/8 degrees)
C: 25 kmFD: 50 kmM: 5 km
Temporal
Resolution
instantaneous instantaneous instantaneous
Refresh rate 1 hour 1 hour (NH)3 hours (FD)
1 hour
Latency 50 minutes 50 minutes 54 minutes
92010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
*Reflects current requirements; does not meet SE needs
GOES Surface Solar Radiation GOES Surface Solar Radiation Product MatrixProduct Matrix
Current Future
Product GSIP‐CONUS GSIP‐fd GOES‐
R/ABI*
all‐sky surface global downward SW flux X X X
all‐sky surface global upward SW flux X X
all‐sky surface diffuse downward SW flux X
all‐sky surface total downward visible flux X X
all‐sky surface diffuse downward visible flux X
clear‐sky surface total downward SW flux X X
clear‐sky surface total upward SW flux X X
all‐sky surface total absorbed (net) SW flux X
total = direct + diffuse fluxes; SW=0.2‐4.0 μm (solar); visible: 0.4‐0.7 μm
102010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
*Reflects current requirements; does not meet SE needs
GSIPGSIP‐‐CONUS ProductCONUS Product•
Examples of the GSIP‐CONUS product
for March 15, 2010 at 17:15 UTC–
cloud cover–
total (direct+diffuse) surface insolation–
direct normal flux at surface•
calculated as (global‐diffuse)/cos(solar zenith angle)
• No direct
radiation at
surface due to
optically thick
clouds.
• CSPs will not
operate –
utility
company must
use other
(convectional)
means to
generate
electricity.
112010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
GSIPGSIP‐‐CONUS ProductCONUS Product Hourly/Daily/Monthly AveragesHourly/Daily/Monthly Averages
Hourly and daily
averages for Bondville,
IL for September 2002
Hourly and daily
averages for Bondville,
IL for September 2002
From the instantaneous GSIP‐CONUS data hourly,
daily and monthly averages are calculated.
122010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
GSIP SE Examples:GSIP SE Examples: Monthly Average Daily Total RadiationMonthly Average Daily Total Radiation
•
10‐year monthly averages of total solar radiation for July and October•
~8 MJ m‐2
day‐1
difference between western and eastern US in July in available solar energy•
~8 MJ m‐2
day‐1
difference between July and October
2010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010 13
GSIP SE Examples:GSIP SE Examples: Monthly Average Daily DirectMonthly Average Daily Direct‐‐Normal Total Normal Total
RadiationRadiation
•
10‐year monthly averages of direct‐normal solar radiation for July
and October –
effect of solar angle is minimized
2010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010 14
GSIP SE Examples:GSIP SE Examples: Monthly Average Daily ClearMonthly Average Daily Clear‐‐Sky Total Sky Total
RadiationRadiation
•
10‐year monthly averages of cloud‐free solar radiation for July and
October
2010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010 15
GSIP SE Examples:GSIP SE Examples: Monthly Average Daily Cloud FractionMonthly Average Daily Cloud Fraction
•
10‐year monthly averages of cloud fraction for July and October• shades of blue show cloud fraction < 0.5, those of red show cloud fraction > 0.5
2010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010 16
GSIP SE ExamplesGSIP SE Examples Monthly Average Daily DirectMonthly Average Daily Direct‐‐Normal RadiationNormal Radiation
•
Time series of monthly average Direct‐Normal Radiation for
Bondville, IL and Boulder, CO
2010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010 17
GSIP SE ExamplesGSIP SE Examples Anomaly of Monthly Average Daily DirectAnomaly of Monthly Average Daily Direct‐‐
Normal RadiationNormal Radiation
•
Time series of anomalies of monthly average Direct‐Normal Radiation for
Bondville, IL and Boulder, CO
• red: 10‐year average subtracted, blue: 10‐year monthly average subtracted
2010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010 18
GSIP SE ExamplesGSIP SE Examples Monthly Average Daily Clearness IndexMonthly Average Daily Clearness Index
•
Time series of monthly average clear‐sky and all‐sky Insolation
Clearness Index for Bondville, IL and Boulder, CO
2010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010 19
GSIPGSIP‐‐fd Product Examplefd Product Example
GSIP‐CONUS GSIP‐fd
GSIPGSIP‐‐fd has larger coverage, fd has larger coverage,
higher resolution and higher resolution and
improved cloud detection.improved cloud detection.
GOES West GOES East
Full Disk
Extend
edNorthern He
misp
here
202010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
Spatial resolution will be increased to 4 km from the current value of 14 km in GPSDI project
ABI SE ExampleABI SE Example Total, Direct & Diffuse RadiationTotal, Direct & Diffuse Radiation
212010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010
Date: June 11, 2009Input satellite data: MODIS TerraSpatial resolution: 5‐km
Evaluation of ABI SE ProductsEvaluation of ABI SE Products
2010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010 22
•
Input and ground measurements are
collected over 13 stations–
03/2000‐12/2009: 7 SURFRAD
sites + COVE–
03/2000‐06/2006: 4 GMD
sites + ARM
•
Input data:–
MODIS, NCEP reanalysis,
TOMS/OMI, CERES/CAVE
measurements and retrievals
•
same data used by AWG AT
Evaluation of ABI SE ProductsEvaluation of ABI SE Products
2010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010 23
Accuracy, precision and RMSE are in W/m2
•
Errors of instantaneous direct and diffuse
components are larger than error of total
flux
•
ABI algorithm under/over‐estimates the
direct/diffuse component
•
Relatively small error of total flux is result of
cancellation of errors in direct and diffuse
components
-1000 -500 0 500 10000
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Cou
nt
Bias (W m-2)
direct diffuse total
Plans and RecommendationsPlans and Recommendations
Planned activities*:• complete hiring of support personnel • develop data access mechanisms that better suit SE needs• provide algorithm/results for comparison with other algorithms• complete climatology of SE parameters from current GOES• explore pseudo forecast of insolation
for SE by exploiting frequent
observations of clouds and insolation
Recommendations:•
use broadband measurements of TOA radiation (e.g. ERBE, CERES, and
FY‐3/ERM) to constrain SW surface radiation estimates from GOES
•
use satellite insolation
product for evaluating models that assimilate
satellite information on clouds and aerosol to forecast SE
*Does not include GPSDI and AWG tasks
242010 GOES‐R & GOES‐RRR Review, 7‐11 June 2010