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Going home…. Three out of many good reasons to go home. Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena. „Coevolution of plants and insects“. Get feedback Learn glucosinolate analysis Sow some Pachycladon seeds. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Going home…
Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena
Poster at the Annual Meeting of the International Society of Chemical Ecology 10th Anniversary of the MPICE, 1997-2007
„Coevolution of plants and insects“
„ The raison d‘etre of plant secondary substances“ - Fraenkel (1959), Science
Get feedback Learn glucosinolate analysis Sow some Pachycladon seeds
Three out of many good reasons to go home...
Ask for a more money...
+ESP
Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly) makes NSP
Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) desulfates glucosinolates rendering them invisible to myrosinase
Specialist insects disarm the mustard oil bomb:
+NSP (P. rapae)
Some broccoli for lunch? – Research at the Jena MPICE
Glucosinolate diversity –
The mustard oil bomb of brassicaceous plants
+ desulfatase(P. xylostella)
Sampling – 3 Populations per Species
F1 1700m
F3 1400m
F2 1200m
E1 1640m
E3 1780m
E2 1900m
P. fastigiata P. enysii
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F
0.00
0.20
0.40
E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F
0.000
0.005
0.010
E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F
0.000
0.010
0.020
0.030
0.040
E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F0.00
0.08
0.16
E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F
0.00
0.03
0.06
E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
E3 E2 E1 F3 F1 F2 E F
3MSOP 4MSOB Allyl 5MSOP
3Butenyl 6MSOH 3MTP 7MSOH
5Pentenyl 4MTB 8MSOO 4MOI3M
P. enysii P. fastigiata
Glucosinolates - Within & Between Species Variation
How many chemotypes? Distribution across species & sites?
1
2
3
4
5
P. enysii
P. fastigiata
P. enysii
P. enysii
P. fastigiata
E1, 11
E2, 1
F1, 14
F3, 8
E3, 13
E1, 5
E3, 2
E2, 14
F2, 16
F3, 6
Profile # Found in...Distribution
(Site, # Individuals)
Glucosinolates – Clustering Identifies 5 Chemotypes
3 chemotypes in P. enysii, 2 in P. fastigiata, no overlap!
Each site dominated by one chemotype, except F3
Local adaptation or drift?
Cvi
Col
WS
Ler
Cvi
WS
Col
Ler
4 Arabidopsis ecoypes to play with: Ler, Col, Ws, Cvi
C3 gls C4 gls
MS glsAL gls
Alkenyl glucosinolateHydroxyalkenyl glucosinolate
MAM1
AOP2
HAL gls AOP3
MT gls
Predicting genotypes from phenotypes?
Cvi
Col
WS
Ler
MAM1+AOP2+
MAM1-AOP-
MAM1+AOP-
MAM1-AOP3+
Predicting genotypes from phenotypes?
1
2
3
4
5
3M
SO
P
4M
SO
B
7M
SO
H
5M
SO
P
5 P
ent
eny
l
4M
OI3
M
6M
SO
H
3M
TP
4M
TB
8M
SO
O
3 B
ute
nyl Ally
l
Chemotype # 12 Glucosinolates
Distribution (Site, # Individ.)
1
2
3
4
5
3M
SO
P
4M
SO
B
7M
SO
H
5M
SO
P
5 P
ent
eny
l
4M
OI3
M
6M
SO
H
3M
TP
4M
TB
8M
SO
O
3 B
ute
nyl Ally
l
3M
SO
P
4M
SO
B
7M
SO
H
5M
SO
P
5 P
ent
eny
l
4M
OI3
M
6M
SO
H
3M
TP
4M
TB
8M
SO
O
3 B
ute
nyl Ally
l
Chemotype # 12 Glucosinolates
Distribution (Site, # Individ.)
MAM1-AOP- Ws
MAM1+AOP2+
MAM1+AOP2+
MAM1-AOP2+ n/a
Cvi
Cvi
F1/3
E2F2/3
E3
E1
Pachy
clado
n
chem
otyp
es
Arabid
opsis
ecot
ypes
Segre
gatin
g
loci
GLS loci likely to segregate in P. enysii and P. fastigiata
Do TT7, FAH1, ESP, ESM1 segregate in P. enysii vs P. fastigiata?
P. enysii makes nitriles P. fastigiata makes isothiocyanates
Process Gene Regulation Predicted Biochemical ProfilesResponse to UVB TT7, FAH1
up in P. enysiiQuercetin & sinapates up in P. enysii
Glucosinolate hydrolysis
ESP up in P. enysiiESM1 up in P. fastigiata
Glucosinolate biosynthesis
AOP2, MAM1 up in P. enysii
C4 & Alkenyl glucosinolatesup in P. enysii
1.
2.
3.
Response to Herbivory
Flavonoid analysis at Lincoln University (field samples)
Analysis of glucosinolate hydrolysis products at MPICE(greenhouse samples)
Comparative transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics across Pachycladon radiation
(super-network by S. Joly, unpublished data)
Transcriptomics:Microarrays (HortResearch) vs. Solexa (AWC)
Proteomics:Paul Haynes (Maquarie University)
Metabolomics:GLS and GLS hydrolysis products (Jena)Flavonoids (Lincoln)
Ideas for year 2
Candidate gene studies (expression and allele frequencies studies)
Ecological significance of GLS production? (id herbivores, feeding trials)
Premliminary GLS survey across Pachycladon radiation
(super-network by S. Joly, unpublished data)
P. wallii
P. exilis
P. fastigiata
P. novae-zealandiaP. cheesemanii
P. enysii
GLS patterns don’t follow phylogeny
Workshop on multivariate analysis of –omics data
Principal Components Analysis (Ordination)
Multidimensional Scaling (Ordination)
Hierachical Clustering (Classification)
Linear Discriminant Analysis (Classification)
Volatile bouquets of Medicago leaves challenged with different elicitors
Glucosinolate profiles across Pachycladon populations
Examples
(implemented in R)
Going home…