going home

Going HomeGoing Home

Pete Hamill

Lesson Two

Part One: Warm-up

Part Two: Background InformationPart Three:

Text Appreciation (Key Points)

Part Four: Language Study (Difficult Points)

Part Five: Resource Extension

Lesson Two

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Part One Part One Warm-upWarm-up

I. Warm-up questionsI. Warm-up questions

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1. When you feel frustrated what do you want to do? where do you want to go?

2. Do you think going home is magic?


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3. What do you think Vingo had done that got him in prison?

4. What kind of person do you think his wife was? Why didn't she write to Vingo?


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I. Author

II. Florida

III. New Jersey

IV. New York

V. Georgia

Part Two Part Two Background InformationBackground Information

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Pete Hamill was born in Brooklyn, N. Y. in 1935. He attended Mexico City College in 1956—1957, studying painting and writing. He has been a columnist for the New York Post, the Daily News, and New York Newsday, and has won many journalistic awards.

I.I. Author Author

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Florida is one of the leading tourist states in the United States. Great stretches of sandy beaches and a warm, sunny climate make Florida a year-round vacationland. Major attractions include Disney World, Miami Beach, the Everglades National Park and the Florida Keys.

II. Florida: II. Florida: the "Sunshine State" (FL)

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III. New Jersey : the "Garden State" (NJ)

New Jersey is a state of industrial cities and towns, but also of glistening beaches and popular summer resorts. It is one of the great coastal playgrounds of the United States. Atlantic City is one of the most well-known resorts.

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IV. New York: the "Empire State" (NY ) )

The Dutch were the first settlers in New York. After the English took it over in the 1660s, the colony was renamed New York, after the Duke of York. The state includes everything from skyscrapers in Manhattan to rivers, mountains, and lakes in upstate New York. Niagara Falls is one of the chief attractions.

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V.Georgia: the "Empire State of the South" (GA)

Georgia, founded in 1732, is one of the original 13 states. It was named in honor of England's King George II. Georgia is the largest state east of the Mississippi; the state's large size and thriving industries have given it one of its nicknames, the Empire State of the South.

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Part ThreePart Three Text AppreciationText Appreciation

I. Text Analysis 1. General Analysis2. Theme3. Structure4. Further Discussion

II. Writing Devices 1. Syntactic Devices 2. Simile 3. Alliteration 4. Symbolism

III. Sentence Paraphrase

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Main idea: an ex-con on his way home

Setting: on a bus from New York to Florida

Protagonists: Vingo

I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis

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Theme

1. The ability to forgive and forget is important in all human relationships.

2. Mutual care and affection among people, esp. among strangers are important, too.

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Part 1 (paras. 1— ) :

Part 2 (paras. ) :

Part 3 (paras. ) :


Structure of the Text

4

5—9

10—12

The introduction of the setting and the characters

Vingo's story of going home and the young people's interest in it

The surprisingly big welcome Vingo received

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I. Text AnalysisI. Text Analysis

• Mutual care and love

strangers: mutual care and synpathy

husband and wife: forgiveness and love

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I. I. Text AnalysisText Analysis

Character Analysis

main character: Vingo, shy,silent, nervous,worried…

minor characters: six young people, active, talkative,happy,considerate…

hidden character: Vingo's wife, wonderful,kind-hearted,broad-minded…

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Plot Analysis

the beginning: (Paras. 1—4)

Vingo was sitting quietly on a bus. His silence and stillness posed a striking contrast to the liveliness and hilarity of the young people behind him. He became the center of our interest. This opening scene creates a mystery about the protagonist, making us look forward to something more.

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Plot Analysis

the middle: (Paras. 5—10)

One of the girls tried to draw Vingo out. Vingo began to relate his story. Who he was, where he was going and what this journey was for, all the mysteries about the protagonist were gradually revealed.

As the plot evolves it arouses our expectations about what will happen to Vingo. Will he be forgiven or will he go on his journey? We readers are kept in suspense. Our interest is still held by the development of the plot.

The exposition of the essential matter

is managed by flashbacks (the

confession of the protagonist).

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Plot Analysis

the end: (Paras. 11—12)

When the bus was approaching the expected great oak tree, Vingo was surprised to see hundreds of yellow ribbons blowing and billowing in the wind. He happily knew he was finally forgiven and welcomed home.

The resolution, the outcome of the plot, turns out to be a pleasant surprise. We feel satisfied. The plot ends happily and the intended emotional effects are thus achieved.

Finally the mystery is solved and the suspense is removed. We should say the

plot is successfully complete.

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Conflict Analysis

Plot usually deals with a conflict. What is the conflict of the story?

The conflict lies in the inner struggle of the protagonist. On the one hand, Vingo was anxious to go home, to see the old oak tree. But on the other hand, he was afraid to do so for fear that his wife wouldn't forgive him. That would be too much for him to bear if the case turned out to be so. That's why he was silent, nervous and "chewing the inside of his lip a lot".

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Conflict Analysis

As the plot evolved, the conflict became all the more conspicuous and heart-gripping. The bus was first 20 miles from his home, then 10 miles, and then 5 miles… Vingo "stopped looking, tightening his face into the ex-con's mask, as if fortifying himself against still another disappointment". Vingo tried hard to appear calm, but what was rolling in his heart? Nervousness and uncertainty. He had already prepared himself for a disappointment. But the other six young people were all excitedly involved in it. We readers are also kept in suspense and wondering.

Comparison and contrast are

used here in portraying this

conflict.

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Conflict Analysis

The oak tree was approaching. The bus became quiet. But Vingo's heart was pounding wildly. "To go or to stay" ， this long struggling and torturing question would find its answer now. Suddenly the young people burst into shouting and crying. But Vingo remained unmoved. He sat there stunned, looking at the oak tree covered with hundreds of yellow ribbons through his misty eyes. He felt relieved to know he was finally forgiven by his wife. So do our readers. The conflict ends in a pleasant surprise, bringing an immense emotional impact on us. With the settlement of the conflict, the story comes to its end..

Here comes

the climax of

the story.

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I.I. Text AnalysisText AnalysisQuestion:

What can we learn from the opening paragraph?

The opening paragraph

• introduce the characters of the story

(protagonist: Vingo, minor characters: three boys and three girls);

• indicate the overall setting of the story

(time: spring; place: a bus from New York to Florida);

• tell the event of the story

(Vingo was on the bus going somewhere);

• set the tone of narration

(narrative of third person omniscient).

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I.I. Text AnalysisText AnalysisQuestion:

What can be inferred from the second paragraph?

This paragraph devotes much to the description of the protagonist, from his outlook to his disposition, presenting us a sketch of the protagonist's character.

Vingo was rough, caring little about details. And he was reserved, keeping to himself. He smoked a lot and retreated into silence often. He was also as mysterious as his masked age. All these create an atmosphere of mystery and present us a man of story.

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How did the young people get to know Vingo?

What was Vingo's story?

What did Vingo say to his wife in his second letter?

How did the young people feel when they heard the story?

How did Vingo feel when the bus was approaching Brunswick?


Discussion

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What happened as the bus passed the town?

Why do you think Vingo's wife tied so many ribbons on the tree?

What was Vingo's response to the sight of the oak tree covered with yellow ribbons?

Do you find this a touching story? Why?

What would happen after Vingo went home? Now use your imagination and continue the story.


Discussion

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Lesson 2 – Going Home

II.II. Writing DevicesWriting Devices

Syntactic Devices

To be continued on the next page.

1. They were dreaming of golden beaches and sea tides…

2. … the young people… waiting for the approach of the great oak tree…

3. … all of the young people… screaming and shouting and crying, doing small dances, shaking clenched fists...

Question:

When it comes to young people, the author tends to use a lot of present participles. What is the intended effect?

To indicate the liveliness and hilarity of the young people.

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4. He sat in front of the young people, … dressed in a plain brown suit…

5. His finger were stained from cigarettes…

6. Vingo sat there stunned.

Question:When it comes to Vingo, the author tends to use past participles. What is the intended effect?

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Simile

…a tree that stood like a banner of welcome… (Para. 12)

Simile: an explicit comparison between two things of different kind or quality, usually introduced by like or as, or other simile markers like "as if, as though, as… as, (just) as… so, similar to, bear a resemblance to", etc.

simile

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Like March, having come in like a lion, he purposed to go out like a lamb. (C. Bronte, Shirley)

Life is poetically compared to the morning dew.

Just as fire tests gold, so does adversity test courage.

Many retirees are couch potatoes who like popping cold beers and relaxing in front of their $2,500 wide-screen, high definition television set. Its big picture will be as rich and detailed as a 35-millimeter photograph.

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Alliteration

Alliteration: the use of words that begin with the same sound in order to make a special effect

alliteration

…a tree that stood like a banner of welcome, blowing and billowing in the wind. (Para. 12)

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Predictably the winter will be snowy, sleety and slushy.

Wild Mushrooms: Mysterious-Menacing-Magnificent.

Whereat with blade, with bloody, blameful blade, he bravely broach’d his boiling bloody breast. (A Midsummer’s Night’s Dream)

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Symbolism

Yellow ribbon symbolizes forgiveness and welcome to someone long lost.

symbol

I told her if she would take me back, she would tie a yellow ribbon to the tree, and I would get off and come home.

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Do you know what they symbolize? red rose

balance (scale)

bat

owl

pine tree/crane

crucifix

true love

justice

vampire (Western), luck (Chinese)

wisdom/education (Western)

longevity (Chinese)

Christianity

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III.III. Sentence Paraphrase 1Sentence Paraphrase 1He sat in front of the young people, his

dusty face masking his age, dressed in a

plain brown suit that did not fit him. (Para.

2)

He sat in front of the young people. You could hardly tell how old he was because his face was covered with dust.

absolute construction, acting as an adverbial of accompanying circumstances

go to 2

past participle phrase to tell more about "he"

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III.III. Sentence Paraphrase 2Sentence Paraphrase 2He sat in complete silence and seemed completely unaware of the existence of the others. (Para. 2)

not knowing or realizing that sth. is happening or that sth. exists

in+n.: to show a state or condition

go to 3

He sat without saying anything as if he did not know there were other people around.

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III.III. Sentence Paraphrase 3Sentence Paraphrase 3 You going that far? (Para. 4)

Want some wine? (Para. 4)

Are you going as far as Florida?Do you want some wine?/Would you like to have some wine?

elliptical sentences, common in conversation

go to 4

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III.III. Sentence Paraphrase 4Sentence Paraphrase 4 The girl insisted that he join them. (Para. 5)

subjunctive mood, "should" is dropped out

After the verbs expressing a command, decision, suggestion, such as decide, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote, advise, determine, desire, resolve, urge, etc, in that-clause we usu. use subjunctive mood “(should) do sth.”.

demand that sth. should happen

go to 5

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III.III. Sentence ParaphraseSentence Paraphrase

1.It was recommended that passengers ____ smoke during the flight.

a. not b. need not c. could not d. would not (TEM-4, 1994)

2. Mike's uncle insists ____ in this hotel. a. staying not b. that he would not stay c. not to stay d. that he not stay (CET-4, 2001, 1)

keys

a, d

back to 4

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III.III. Sentence Paraphrase 5Sentence Paraphrase 5

I understand if you can't stay married to me. (Para. 7)

go to 6

euphemism

indirect way to say "divorce"

If you want to divorce me, I'll understand—you have every reason to do so.

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III.III. Sentence ParaphraseSentence Paraphrase 6 6... Soon all of them were caught up in the approach of Brunswick, looking at the pictures Vingo showed them of his wife and three children. (Para. 7)

… all the young people became excited and deeply interested in Vingo's story and in what was going to happen at Brunswick as they were looking at the pictures…

restrictive clause modifying "pictures"

go to 7

became involved in or excited at

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Vingo stopped looking, tightening his face into the ex-con's mask, as if fortifying himself against still another disappointment. (Para. 10)

Vingo moved his eyes away from the window, and his face again became expressionless as if he was trying to find the courage to face another possible blow, another disappointment in his life.

gerund as object

go to 8

present participle phrase. Here "he was/were" is omitted after "as if".

to show a change in state

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1. He gave out a terrible cry, as if seeing a ghost.

2. Tim spoke very slowly, as if fearing to be heard.

3. "It is," he said quietly, as if remembering something he had tried to forget. (Para. 4)

back to 7

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Then suddenly all of the young people were up out

of their seats, screaming and shouting and crying,

doing small dances, shaking clenched fists in

triumph and exaltation. All except Vingo. (Para.

11)

great happiness

Then all of a sudden, all the young people left their seats and began doing all sorts of things they could think of to express their happiness and excitement. Vingo alone remained still.

present participles functioning as accompanying circumstances

go to 9

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1. He ran up to her, breathing heavily.

2. The old man was fast asleep, holding a book

in his hand.

3. Vingo sat there, looking at the oak tree

through his misty eyes. (Para. 12)

back to 8

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Vingo sat there stunned,

looking at the oak tree through his misty

eyes. (Para. 12)

Vingo sat still; he was utterly surprised,

looking at the oak tree through tearful eyes.

go to 10

present participle functioning as accompanying circumstances

past participle functioning as accompanying circumstances

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1. I made a leisurely round of the town, fascinated by the construction going on everywhere.

2. He went to Beijing in that winter, disguised as a merchant.

3. United as one, they are training hard for next year's world championship.

back to 9

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… a tree that stood like a banner of

welcome, blowing and billowing in the

wind. (Para. 12)

… a tree that looked like a banner of welcome, rising and rolling in waves in the wind.

alliteration: rising and rolling in wavessimile

restrictive clause modifying "tree"

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I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III.Word Building

IV. Grammar

Part FourPart Four Language Language StudyStudy

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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:

1. vanish

2. stain

3. stand

4. something

5. approach

6. scream

7. triumph

8. exaltation

9. stun

10. misty

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study1. vanish

v. to disappear suddenly, esp. in a way that cannot easily be explained

Examples:

I turned around again, the boy had vanished.

It is a bad idea to let Tom Cruise vanish for

almost an hour in the middle of his picture.

Many species in South America have

vanished completely.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study

vanish from sight

vanish into the void

vanish into thin air

vanish without

trace/vanish off the

face of the earth

消失不见化为乌有从人间蒸发掉消失得无影无踪

Translation

Cf:

varnish

tarnish

furnish

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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyCf. varnish, tarnish, furnish

varnish: to cover with 给 ······ 涂清漆 He varnished the wooden table.

After he fixed the shelf, he varnished

the whole to a high shine.

tarnish: (esp. of metal surfaces) to lose; cause the loss of brightness （尤指金属表面）使失去光泽 The damp atmosphere has tarnished the

gilt.

His reputation is tarnished.

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furnish: to supply or provide; put furniture in

The records furnished the

information required.

The president’s office is

tastefully furnished with modern

furniture.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study2. stain

v. a. to accidentally make a mark on sth. esp. one that cannot be removed

b. to change the color of sth., especially sth.

made of wood, by using a special liquid (Syn. dye)Examples:

This tablecloth stains very easily.

Her fingers were stained yellow from years of

smoking.

Stain the table before you varnish it.

Collocations

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stain sb.’s name/reputation/honor

stain with

leave a stain

blood/ink/wine stain

a stain on sb.’s character/reputation

remove/get rid of a stain

stubborn stains

Examples

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A sudden gust of rain dashed against the red bricks that were already stained in patches by water.

Her fingers were stained with dirt, her nail varnish chipped.

How do you get wine stains out of a tablecloth?

There was a dark red stain on the carpet.

Water is a miraculous substance remover; it will remove probably 85 percent of all stains.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study3. stand

v. a. to bear, tolerate b. to be or stay in a particular state or condition c. to be proved to be true, correct, useful, etc. when tested

Classify the

following words into 3 groups according to a, b and c.

can't stand the heat (room)stand idle

stand wear and tear (door)stand open

stand up under close scrutiny

stand up well to cross-checking

a

a b

c

Collocations

b

c

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can't stand (sb./sth.) doing sth.

can't stand to do sth.

can't stand the sight/thought, etc. of

Examples

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I can't stand people smoking around me when I'm eating.

She can't stand to hear her parents arguing about her personal affairs.

I know he can't stand the sight of me.

She couldn't stand the thought of losing her children.

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I.I. Word Word StudyStudya music stand

a fruit stand

a stand for taxi

make one’s stand clear

come to a stand

international stand

standing committee/army

standing joke ／ jest

take/make/mount a stand against sth.

乐谱架水果摊出租汽车停车处表明立场陷于停顿国际地位常务委员会／常备军老笑话反抗，抵抗

Translation

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4. something

n. a thing or a person of some value or

importance

Examples:

He considers himself to be something, but

actually he is nothing.

She thinks she’s something since she won

the beauty contest.

Collocations

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make something of yourself

be (really/quite) something

there's something in/to something

Examples(= to become successful )

(= spoken used to say that something is very good and impressive)

(= used to admit that someone's words are true or their ideas are successful, etc.)

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He looked like a man who might be able to

make something of himself if a good woman

took him in hand.

Running your own company at 21 is really

something.

They had to concede that there was

something in his teaching methods.

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v. to move towards or nearer to someone or something

Examples:

I heard footsteps approaching.

Everyone prepared celebrations as the year

2000 approached.

As I approached the forest, a hare ran out of

the trees.

5. approach Word formations

approachable (a.)

approachless

approachability (n.)

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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyHe is hard to approach.

His best approach to the great man lay through a mutual friend.

Researchers are looking for new ways to approach the problem.

他很难接近。

对他说来，要接近那位伟人，最好的办法是通过一个双方都认识的朋友。

研究人员正在寻找新的处理这个问题的方法。

Translation

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study6. scream

v. a. to give a loud, sharp cry or cries as of fear or pain b. to cry sth. in a loud shrill voice

Examples:

As a child, I used to wake up screaming with terror in the middle of the night.

Adam screamed, loud and violent, in his attempt to absorb the pain.

She screamed out that there was a burglar under the bed.

Collocations

let out a scream

a scream of laughter/terror

Synonyms

shriek

yell

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triumphant(a.)

Word formation


n. a. [C] an important victory or success after a difficult struggle b. [U] a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get from victory or success Examples:

Winning the scholarship is a great personal triumph.

The Government Commission was established here in triumph, and sank here into obscurity.

A fine sweat was beading his forehead but there was a grin of triumph on his face.

7. triumph

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8. exaltation

n. a very strong feeling of happiness

Examples:

My depression had lifted and my mood had

changed to exaltation.

Teammates who were strangers before the

party are instantly bonded, and victory is

celebrated with fists-in-the-air exaltation.

Word formations

exalt (v.)

exalted (a.)

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9. stun

v. to surprise or upset someone so much that they do not react immediately

Examples: His words stunned her, and she stared at

him in disbelief. Sara was too stunned by what had

happened to say a word. Suminski in love: the idea stuns her.

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study10. misty

a. a. (eyes) full of tears, esp. because you are remembering a time in the past

b. not clear or bright c. (weather) with a lot of mist

Examples:

Toward evening, the weather turned and, as

they approached the dock, the sky was gray

and misty.

He paused, his eyes growing misty.

Without my glasses everything is just a

misty blur.

Synonyms

foggy

hazy

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List:

1. dream of

2. pass through

3. pull into

4. wonder about

5. engage sb. in

6. retreat into

7. forget about

8. come through

9. be caught up in

10. fortify oneself against

11. make one’s way to

II.II. Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions

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to imagine and think about sth. that you would like to happen

Examples:The girl dreamed of becoming a movie star.Some thought it was the breakthrough scientists had dreamed of.He's got the sort of money that you and I can only dream about.

1. dream of/about


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to go through a town, etc., perhaps stopping there for a short time, but not staying

Examples:As they passed through the flooded areas, they felt bad. We passed through the gates into a courtyard behind.We were just passing through (= travelling through a place) and thought we'd drop in to see you.

2. pass through


Cf: pass (a place)

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II. Phrases and ExpressionsII. Phrases and Expressions

pass (a place)

to go past a place without entering

Examples: On her way to work she passed a

supermarket. We passed a group of students outside the

theatre.• I pass the sports centre on the way to work.

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(of a vehicle) to arrive at (a station); move in towards

Examples:

They will pull into the station at 7 sharp.

The train pulled into the station on the stroke of 12.

Let’s pull into the parking lot and have a rest.

3. pull into


Opposite

pull out

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pull out

if a train pulls out, it leaves a station

Examples:

The three-thirty is pulling out of platform four.

We got there just as the train was pulling out.

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4. wonder about/at to feel curious about; be doubtful about

Examples:

John says he didn’t do it, but I am still

wondering about that.

Sometimes I wonder about his behaviour.

He wondered at her ability never to reveal

the slightest disquiet in front of her

husband.

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to make sb. take part in sth.

Examples:

She tried to engage her roommate in a philosophical discussion.

They spoke little about life outside the organization despite my efforts to engage them in conversation about it.

They engaged him in a new project.

5. engage sb. in


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to yield; move back to

Examples:

The soldiers were ordered to retreat to safer

positions.

At last we forced the enemy to retreat into

the mountains from the town.

More and more she retreated into books.

6. retreat into/to


Collocations

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Cf.

retreat into oneself

retreat into one’s shell

retreat into fantasy


不与人交往，离群索居

变得缄默，不愿与人接触

退避到梦幻世界

Translation

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a. to lose remembrance of; fail to keep in memory; fail to recall

b. to stop thinking or worrying about someone or something

c. not to care about or give attention to someone or something any longer

Examples:She forgot all about their anniversary.Once they have money, some people forget about all their old friends.I'd completely forgotten about our bet until Bill reminded me.

7. forget about


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to arrive as expected

Examples:

Has the train come through?

We're still waiting for our exam results to come through.

There is news just coming through of an explosion in a chemical factory.

8. come through


“ come” phrases

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Cf.

come about

come across

come down with

come off

come out

come through

come up with

come up to

Cf.

发生，产生

偶然遇见，碰上

得，染上（病）

发生，举行；结果；成功

（书等）出版，发行

胜利，成功；经历 ······ 仍活着

提出，想出

等于，比得上，达到（标准等）

B T L EW

to be completely absorbed in or get involved in Examples:

I was caught up in conversation with a friend when someone knocked at the door.

I am painfully aware of how we get caught up in our times and become contaminated by our own hypocrisy.

I didn't want to get caught up in endless petty arguments.

9. be/get caught up in


“ catch” phrases

B T L EW


Cf.

catch at

catch on

catch up

catch out

catch up with

catch up on

Cf.

拼命抓住

懂得，理解；流行起来

把 ······ 缠住，把 ······ 卷入

发觉（某人）有错误（或做坏事）

赶上，追上

赶完，弥补（耽误的工作等）；

（事后）得到关于 ······ 的消息

B T L EW



10. fortify oneself against

to strengthen (sth. or oneself) so as

to be able to deal with (i.e. an attack)

Examples:

Have some hot ginger soup to fortify yourself against cold.

He fortified himself against the cold with a heavy coat.

B T L EW


11. make one’s way to

to go forward with difficulty

Examples:

They made their way through the crowd.

I made my way to the center of the town.

The two women made their way into the woods.

“ way” phrases

B T L EW


1) give way

2) go out of one’s way

3) have a way with

4) learn sth. the hard way

5) the other way about/round

6) by way of

1) 让路，让位，让步

2) 特地，不怕麻烦地

3) 善于处理，有能力对付

4) 经过艰难困苦后学会······

5) 相反地，倒过来

6) 经由，取道

Translation

Thinking ….

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III.III. Word BuildingWord BuildingList:

1. Prefix – ex

2. Root – alt

3. Suffix – en

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III. Word BuildingIII. Word BuildingPrefix----ex-

a. former

b. out of

c. to make… to do…

ex-con ex-wife/husband

exalt export

expel excavate

expurgate ex-mayor/president

extract

a a

a

c

b

c

b

b

b

Classify the following words into 3 groups according to a, b and c.

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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

exalt exalt

prefix

root ex-to make…, to do…alt-high

altitude

alto

exalt

exaltation

altar

altimeter

altimetry

altocumulus

altostratus

高，高度（音乐）男生最高音提高，举高，提升升高，提高，晋升［一块高地］祭坛测高计，高度表测高法高积云高层云

B T L EW

(adj.+-en= v. ) to make, cause to be (n.+-en= adj. ) made of (n.+-en=v.) to fill with

Examples:

to tighten (= make or cause to be tight)

to sharpen (= make or cause to be sharp)

golden (= made of gold)

woolen (= made of wool)

to strengthen (= fill with strength)

Suffix-- -en

III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

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IV.IV. GrammarGrammarI. Observe the following sentences, studying

the preposition “in” in each sentence.

Vingo nodded in sleep.

He sat in complete silence.

… all of the young people were up out of their seat, … shaking clenched fists in triumph and exaltation.

… but then some boys began to glance at me in curiosity. (Lesson 1)

Good God! I was in a daze. (Lesson 1)

The preposition “in” is often used to show a state or condition.

B T L EW

He sat in front of the young people, his dusty face masking his age…

a present participle clause with its subject

II. What is the grammatical structure here?II. What is the grammatical structure here?

IV.IV. GrammarGrammar

absolute construction

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IV. GrammarIV. GrammarWhatWhat is is absolute absolute construction?construction?

More examples

It is essentially a non-finite It is essentially a non-finite

or verbless clause with an or verbless clause with an

expressed subject of its expressed subject of its

own. It is commonly used in own. It is commonly used in

written English.written English.

B T L EW

Weather permitting, the cricket match will take

place on Wednesday.

IV.IV. GrammarGrammar

Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.

n.+ed participle

A number of official followed the emperor, A number of official followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle.girdle.

n. +ing participle

pron.+infinitives

Types of absolution

construction with a form of verb element

B T L EW

PartFivePartFive Resource Resource ExtensionExtension

I. Quiz

II. Writing

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I.Quiz 1I.Quiz 1

List:

1. Quiz 1

2. Quiz 2

3. Quiz 3

B T L EW

I.Quiz 1I.Quiz 1

pass away GRAVE YARD

substandard housing POOR

financially disadvantaged DEATH

solid-waste ecologist FUNERAL

in the family way SLUM

memorial service GARBAGE COLLECTOR

memory garden PREGNANT

Do you know what these euphemistic expressions refer to? Do the match work.

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

1. All plan __ because of the accident, they had to quit.

a. having canceledb. were canceledc. having been canceledd. have been canceled

2. Many ___ drivers have made numbers of traffic accidents since last year.

a. drank b. drunken

c. drunk d. drink

c b

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

3. The special train ___ at 9 sharp.

a. pulled into b. pulled round

c. pulled up d. pulled on

4. Written in great haste, ____.

• a. he made a lot of mistakes in the report

• b. there are plenty of errors in the report

c. we found several mistakes in his letter

d. the book is full of errors

a d

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

5. fire tests gold, so does adversity test courage.

a. Like b. Alikec. As d. Comparing

6. The man’s expression dog staring at a stranger.

a. looked like b. looked as ac. liked d. was like that of a

c d

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

7. Water is to fish ____ atmosphere is to men.

a. that b. so

c. what d. so does

8. It was a cold winter and the wind ____

through the tiny crack in the window.

a. billowed b. bellowed

c. screamed d. whistled

c d

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

9. If you put too many potatoes in the bag, it will ____.

a. separate b. crackc. burst d. collapse

10. I’d like to book a room with a(n) ____of the sea.

a. view b. sightc. outlook d. scenery

c a

B T L EW

11. With a wave of his band, the magician made

the duck ____.

a. scatter b. vanish

c. abandon d. fly away

12. The article suggests that when a person

___ under unusual stress he should be

especially careful to have a well-balanced diet.

a. is b. were

c. be d. was

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

b a

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

13. The housemaster requested that we

____ television on week nights.

a. not watch b. must not to watch

c. not be watching d. have not watched

14. I only know the man by ___ but I have never

spoken to him.

a. chance b. heart

c. sight d. experience

a c

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

15. The car was in good working when I

bought it a few months ago.

a. order b. form

c. state d. circumstance

16. The of our trip to London was the

visit

to Buckingham Palace.

a. summit b. height

c. peak d. highlight

a a

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

17. Niagara Falls are a great tourist ____,

drawing millions of visitors every year.

a. attention b. attraction

c. appointment d. arrangement

18. We had a party last month, and it was a lot

of fun, so let’s have ___ one this month.

a. another b. more

c. the other d. other

b a

B T L EW

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

19. Helen apologized for ____ the party.

a. her not being able to attend

b. her being not able to attend

c. her being able to attend

d. not her being able to attend

20. Tony has not the least ___ of giving up his

research work.

a. intention b. interest

c. wish d. desire

a a

B T L EW

1. We should save time and cut unnecessary________. (argue)

2. I felt very _______after a match. (thirst)

3. The ____________ rate is on the rise due to the economic recession. (employ)

4. We will postpone your _____________ till next Monday. (appoint)

5. He felt himself quite __________ of her, because she was more excellent than him. (worth)

6. Damp clothes are __________. (health)

I.Quiz 3I.Quiz 3

argument

thirsty

unemployment

appointment

unworthy

unhealthy

Fill out the blanks with the proper form of the given words.

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II.Writing II.Writing

On Forgiveness

1. What is forgiveness?

2. How important is it in our life?

3. How could we learn to forgive?