Good Governance الرشيد الحكم

“The manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s social and economic resources for development” (World Bank)

ت التي البلد بها مارس ُالطريقة موارد إدارة في السلطة) الدولي ") البنك التنمية أجل من واالقتصادية االجتماعية“The exercise of economic, political and administrative

authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels …” (UNDP)

إلدارة" واإلدارية والسياسية االقتصادية السلطة ممارسةالمستويات جميع على ما بلد األمم) ”شؤون برنامج

) اإلنمائي المتحدة

Governance can be used in several contexts such as:

corporate governance قطاع في الحكمالشركات

international governance الدولي الحكم national governance الوطني الحكم local governance المحلي الحكم The concept of governance is closely

linked to the working of the nation-state القومية or its governing الدولة

capacity للحكم . قابليتها

Hard State الدولة الصلبةIt sets priorities تضعاألولوياتIt executes them تنفذها .Actual administration is based on rational bureaucratic principles تستند

على اإلدارة الفعليةبيروقراطية مبادئعقالنية

Soft State الدولة الرخوةAdministrators usually defy laws and regulations. غالبا اإلداريون

واللوائح القوانين يتحدون .ماOfficials & administrators collude to stop implementation of public policies.

واإلداريون المسؤولون يتواطأالسياسات إليقاف تنفيذالعامة.

Corruption is widespread. مستشري الفساد

Erosion of the rule of law and accountability. سيادة تآكل

والمساءلة .القانون

L

Autocratic Participative

استبدادي تشاركيL

VS.

VS.

Involved Empowering

انخراطي تمكيني

L

L

Civil society المدني المجتمع

Political society السياسي المجتمع

Government الحكومة

Bureaucracy البيروقراطية

Economic society االقتصادي المجتمع

Judiciary القضائية السلطة

‘Good governance’ means competent management of a country’s resources and affairs in a manner that is open, transparent, accountable, equitable and responsive to people’s needs. 

ال" ل الم اإلدارةعني ي" رشيدالحكم وشؤون ؤهلة البلد همواردومنصفة للمساءلة وخاضعة وشفافة مفتوحة بطريقة

.يتجمسو الناس الحتياجات بة ‘Good governance’ refers to the management of

government in a manner that is essentially free of abuse and corruption, and with due regard for the rule of law.

ال خالية رشيدالحكم بطريقة الحكم إدارة إلى يشيرمن ال أساسا المراعاة الفسادو استخدامسوء ومع ،

القانون الواجبة .لسيادة

between governments and markets الحكومة بين واالسواق

between governments and citizens الحكومة بين والمواطنين

between governments and the private sector الحكومة بينالخاص والقطاع

between elected officials and appointed officials بينالمعينين والمسؤولين المنتخبين المسؤولين

between local institutions and urban and rural بينواألرياف الحضر في والمواطنين المحلية المؤسسات

residents between legislature and executive branches السلطات بين

والتنفيذية التشريعية between nation states and institutions. الدول بين

والمؤسسات

Pillars of good governance

الرشيد الحكم أعمدة

1. The establishment of a representative and accountable form of government للمساءلة وخاضعة تمثيل ذات حكومة . انشاء

2. A strong and pluralistic civil society, where there is freedom of expression and association. وتكوين التعبير حرية هناك حيث وتعددي، قوي مدني المجتمع.الجمعيات

3. Good institutions – sets of rules governing the actions of individuals and organisations and the negotiation of differences between them. مؤسسات جيدة

– والمنظمات هناك األفراد تصرفات تحكم التي القواعد من و مجموعة.تتفاوض بينهما الخالفات بشأن

4. The primacy of the rule of law, maintained through an impartial and effective legal system. قانوني نظام على الحفاظ خالل من القانون، حكم سيادة

وفعال نزيه5. A high degree of transparency and accountability in public and corporate

processes. A participatory approach to service delivery is important for public services to be effective.

العمليات في والمساءلة الشفافية من عالية العام درجة بالشأن المتعلقةمهم. وبالشركات أمر الخدمات تقديم في المشاركة على قائم ونهج

. فعالة لتكون العامة للخدمات

All men and women should have a voice in decision-making, either directly or through legitimate intermediate institutions that represent their interests. Such broad participation is built on freedom of association and speech, as well as capacities to participate constructively.

والنساء الرجال لجميع له أن ينبغي ميكونالقرار صنع عملية في بشكل صوت سواء ،

شرعية وسيطة مؤسسات خالل من أو مباشر . مصالحهم الواسعة مثل تمثل المشاركة هذهترتكز أن الجمعيات يجب تكوين حرية على

على القدرات عن فضال التعبير، وحرية. بناءة بطريقة المشاركة

Legal frameworks should be fair and enforced impartially, particularly the laws on human rights. Impartial enforcement of laws requires an independent judiciary and an impartial and incorruptible police force.

عادلة القانونية األطر تكون أن ويتم ينبغيب تحيز، تنفيذها القوانين تلك وخصوصا دون

. اإلنسان بحقوق لقوانين لنزيه التطبيق الالمتعلقةوجود مستقلة يتطلب قضائية وقوة سلطة

. للفساد قابل وغير محايدة شرطة

Transparency is built on the free flow of information. Processes, institutions and information are directly accessible to those concerned with them, and enough information is provided to understand and monitor them.

على الشفافية الحر تقوم التدفقوالمؤسسات ف. للمعلومات العمليات

مباشرة الو إليها الوصول يمكن معلوماتقبل توفير من ويتم بها، المعنيين

لفهم كافية . معلومات ومراقبتها ها

Good governance requires that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe.

أن يتطلب الرشيد تقوم الحكموالعمليات خدمة بالمؤسسات

في المصلحة أصحاب إطار جميع. معقول زمني

Good governance mediates differing interests to reach a broad consensus on what is in the best interest of the whole group and how this can be achieved.

الرشيد الحكم المصالح يتوسط بينإلى المختلفة التوصل أجل اجماعمن

الجماعة واسع مصلحة في هو ما حولهذا ككل تحقيق يمكن وكيف ،.

A society’s well-being depends on ensuring that all its members feel that they have a stake in it and do not feel excluded from the mainstream of society. This requires all groups, but particularly the most vulnerable, have opportunities to improve or maintain their well being.

ا جميع تعتمدلمجتمع رفاهية أن ضمان علىذلك، في مصلحة لهم بأن يشعرون أعضائه

ي وال الرئيسي أحد التيار من مستبعد بأنه شعروال. للمجتمع الفئات، جميع من يتطلب هذا

ضعفا، األكثر الفرصة أن سيما لهم تتاح. رفاههم على المحافظة أو لتحسين

Good governance means that processes and institutions produce results that meet the needs of society while making the best use of resources at their disposal.

العمليات أن يعني الرشيد الحكمإلى ت والمؤسسات تلبي ؤدي نتائج

المجتمع أفضل احتياجات وتحقيق. لديها المتاحة للموارد استخدام

Decision- makers in government, the private sector and civil society organizations are accountable to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders. This accountability differs depending on the organization and whether the decision is internal or external to an organization

القرار المجتمع صناع ومنظمات الخاص والقطاع الحكومة فيالجمهور يخضعون المدني أمام ألصحاب للمساءلة وكذلك ،

. المساءلة هذه المؤسسات من للمنظمة تالمصلحة تبعا ختلفخارجي أو داخلي هو القرار كان إذا . وعما المنظمة لتلك

Accountability cannot be enforced without transparency and the rule of law.

المساءلة تطبق أن يمكن دون ال وسيادة من الشفافيةالقانون.

1. Ignorance الجهل2. Corruption الفساد3. Politicization of administration تسييـس

اإلدارة4. Weak democratic institutions ضعف

الديموقراطية المؤسسات5. Ineffective parliament فعال غير برلمان6. Absence of the rule of law سيادة غياب

القانون7. Absence of meritocracy الجدارة غياب

Activities 3

TRUE / FALSE: Indicate whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F):

1. ( ) Good governance involves reaching a broad consensus between differing interests

2. ( ) Good governance refers to the management of government in a manner that is in the best interest

of

the ruling class.

3. ( ) The concept of governance is closely linked to the workings of the nation-state

4. ( ) Transparency is based on the idea of the free flow of information.

5. ( ) In the soft state, corruption is controlled and there is efficient management of the state.

6. ( ) One of the main obstacles to good governance is weak democratic institutions.

7. ( ) Good governance emphasizes that the rights of the majority are only respected.

8. ( ) The hard state is a state which sets priorities clearly and implements them.

9. ( ) Accountability cannot be reached without transparency and the rule of law

10. ( ) In good governance, men only must be granted broad participation in the different levels of the

state's management.

2)- Provide a term for the following definitions:

1. …………………………………………………… Good governance requires that institutions and

processes try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe.

2. …………………………………………………… The exercise of economic, political and administrative

authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels.

3. …………………………………………………… Decision- makers in government, the private sector

and civil society organizations are accountable to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders.

4. …………………………………………………… the management of government in a manner that is

essentially free of abuse and corruption, and with due regard for the rule of law.

5. …………………………………………………… A society’s well-being depends on ensuring that all its

members feel that they have a stake in it and do not feel excluded from the mainstream of

society.

3)- Complete the sentences below with a word from the list:

representative – rule – judiciary – Corruption – consensus – institutions

1. Good governance means that processes and ……………………………………… produce results that meet the

needs of society

2. Impartial enforcement of laws requires an independent …………………………………………………… and an

impartial and incorruptible police force.

3. One of the political principles of good governance is to establish a ……………………………………………………

and accountable form of government.

4. In a soft state, …………………………………………………… is widespread.

5. Good governance mediates differing interests to reach a wide …………………………………………………… on

what is in the best interest of the whole group.

6. The absence of the …………………………………………………… of law is a serious obstacle to good

governance.

4)- Translate into English :

الرشيد. 1 الحكم مبادئ تطبق أنها في النامية الدول عن المتقدمة الدول تختلف

. كبيرة بفاعلية

..……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

..……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

..……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

والمساءلة. 2 الشفافية من عالية بمستويات رشيد حكم لديها التي الدولة تتمتع

. القضاء واستقالل القانون وسيادة

..……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

..……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

..……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

5)- Translate into Arabic :

1. Freedom of the press and expression is important in countries which adopt principles

of good governance.

..……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

..……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

..……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

2. An important characteristic of good governance is responsiveness where all

institutions and administrations see their goal to serve the public efficiently.

..……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

..……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

..……………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

6)- Match the words in List (A) with words that relate to them in List (B)

A B1. private _____ a. state

2.local _____ b. making

3.democratic _____ c. of law

4.civil _____ d. governance

5.nation _____ e. policies

6.Ineffective _____ f. institutions

7.decision _____ g. parliament

8.broad _____ h. sector

9.public _____ i. consensus

10. rule _____ j. society

7)- Rearrange the following to make meaningful sentences:  

1.governance - processes - produce - meet - the - of - Good - that - and -

means - needs - society - that - results - institutions

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………… 

1.obstacles - governance - institutions - and - weak - good two - of -

important - parliament - ineffective - democratic - are

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………

8 -(Put each of the following words in a sentence:

 

1.corruption

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

1.participation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9)- Complete the following news report based on the words from the list:

sector – accountability – assistance – countries – economic – reforms –efficiency – imbalances

Good governance is important for …………………………at all stages of development.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has long provided advice and technical

…………………………that has helped to strengthen good governance, such as

promoting public …………………………transparency and …………………….……

Traditionally the IMF’s main focus has been on encouraging countries to correct economic

…………………………reduce inflation, and undertake important trade, exchange, and

other market …………………………needed to improve …………………………and

support sustained …………………………growth.