Good Morning

Bacira Akther Khatun Lecturer Department of Chemistry Comilla Cadet College

Presented By

Class : XI From : A

Duration of the period : 40 Minutes

Date : 08-03-2013

Metal

Alloy Metal

DuraluminAl – 95% Cu -4% Mg- 0.5% Mn- 0.4%

IntroToday’s topic

Hybridization - SP3

By the end of this class they will be able to

1. say what is Hybridization2. say Characteristics of Hybridization 3. explain formation of SP3 Hybridization

4. analyze shape and bond angles of molecule having SP3 hybrid

Atomic Orbitals

Valence bond theory Number of unpaired electron indicates valency

HClO

1S1 - 1 1s22p6 3s23p5 - 2 1s2 2s2 2p4 - 2

1 12

Be BC

1s2 2s2 - 0 1s22s2px1 - 1 1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1 - 2

234

CH4

Be BC

1s2 2s1 2px1 - 2

1s22s2 2px1 2py - 3

1s2 2s1 2px1 2py

1 2pz1 - 4

234

Excited state

In CH4 C -H → 415 kj/mol H- C – H 1090 28`

Hybridization Theory

Two or more 0rbital nearly same

Pauling lius , USA. 1901- 1994

Carbon atom in its ground state

Excited state

Sp3 state

Sp

2S

2S

2p

2S 1S

2S

2p

Carbon atom in its ground state

Excited state Sp3 state

Hybrid Atomic Orbitals

Hybridization

Hybridization is a process (not phenomenon) of mixing up of two or more atomic orbitals to form equal number of orbitals of equal strength. The orbitals which are formed are known as hybrid orbitals

The energy of each hybrid orbital is lower than the participating atomic orbitals.

a process atomic orbitals

mixing up equal number

equal strength

Every body will do this work --- within -- 5 min

Write down the center atom hybridization of the following compound and ion CH4 CCl4 SiH4 NH3 BH3

-

The number of hybridized orbitals is equal to the number of orbitals being hybridized.

The hybrid orbitals are identical in shape and have equivalent energy.

The hybrid orbitals are more effective in forming stable bonds than the pure ones.

The type of hybridization indicates the geometry of the molecules

Characteristics of hybridization:

Type of Hybridization

Group Work - Dear cadets, divide into five groups

Draw the bond angel and name of the shape of the following molecules : within 5min

Group - 1 → CH4 Group - 2 → SiF4 Group - 3 → NH4

+ Group - 4 → H2O Group - 5 → F2O

Tetrahedral , 109. 50 (1,2,3)

C:\Users\College\Videos\vlc-record-2013-0

Molecular shape and orbital hybridization Video

Shape 1

Shape-2

Shape-3

Shape- 4

Shape 5

V – shape , 104.50

lp - lp > lp - bp > bp – bp

lp - lp > lp - bp > bp – bp

lp - lp > lp - bp > bp – bp

Prep task Observe the following chart and answer the question

Analyze the following compounds shape with the figure of Hybridization (1) TA4

- (2) RA4 (3) qA4+ (4)A2Z (5) RY4 (6) SY4 (7) A2P (8) SX4

(9) X2Z (10) pY2

Group → Periods↓

IA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA

1 A

2 T R q z X

3 S p Y

Every body will finished the prep task by next Monday And submitted it

Next day topic SP2 & SP

Thanks to all