governance: challenging orthodoxies through the power of data
DESCRIPTION
Governance Matters – Democracia, Politicas Institucionales y Desarrollo: Nuevos Desafios de lecciones empiricas Daniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Apertura del Semestre Academico de la Universidad UOC Barcelona, 9 de Marzo. Governance: Challenging Orthodoxies through the Power of Data. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Governance Matters Democracia, Politicas Institucionales y Desarrollo:Nuevos Desafios de lecciones empiricas Daniel Kaufmann, The World Bank Apertura del Semestre Academico de la Universidad UOC Barcelona, 9 de Marzo
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Governance: Challenging Orthodoxies through the Power of Data
Good Governance and Democracy a Luxury good?Improved Governance by Enforcement (vs. Incentives)?Improved Governance = Control of Corruption?Governance as a Public Sector Challenge?Administrative Bribery as key Corruption challenge?Unreliability & Unavailability of Data in governance?
These orthodoxies will be answered in the negative
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Una Encuesta Instantanea:
El Sobre con dinero en el estacionamento...
En el estacionamento, solo/a, encuentras un sobre con US$2,000
Que haces con el sobre?
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Test, parte 1:
A. If no possibility that anyone could know
Yellow lightGreen lightRed light [Si no hay supervision, o camara, nadie]
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Test, parte 2: La misma pregunta anterior, parte B donde hay ahora un 30% de probabilidad de que hay una camara oculta en el estacionamiento que quizas es supervisada
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Broadening Analytical Framework: Governance: A working definition Governance is the process and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised: (1) the process by which governments are selected, held accountable, monitored, and replaced; (2) the capacity of governments to manage resources efficiently, and to formulate, implement, and enforce sound policies and regulations; and, (3) the respect for the institutions that govern economic and social interactions among them
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Operationalizing Governance: Unbundling its Definition into Components that can be measured, analyzed, and worked onEach of the 3 main components of Governance Definition is unbundled into 2 subcomponents:Voice and AccountabilityPolitical Stability and lack of Violence&TerrorQuality Regulatory FrameworkGovernment EffectivenessControl of CorruptionRule of Law
We measure these six governance components
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Control of Corruption: one Aggregate Indicator (selected countries from 155 worldwide, for illustration, based on 1998 research data*)Source: Governance Matters, PRWP 2196 by Kaufmann, Kraay and Zoido. http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/POORGOODCorruption LevelMargin of ErrorGood Corruption Control
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Rule of Law Index, 2001 (preliminary, selected countries): Failed States, in Crisis, Vulnerable, Out of DangerRankings were calculated on the basis of 2001 country estimates. Source: KKZ01. PreliminaryPoorGood
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Governance Indicators for Angola, 1997/98-2000/01Note: the thin lines depict 90% confidence intervals. Source: KKZ Governance Research Indicators 2002. Chart and data downloaded from web-interactive program at : http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2001.htm
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Traffic Light World MapsRule of Law 2000/01Source for data: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2001.htm ; Map downloaded from : http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz/gov2001map.asp Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Red, 25% or less rank worse; Orange, between 25% and 50%; Yellow, between 50% and 75%; Light Green between 75% and 90% ; Dark Green above 90%
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Traffic Light World MapsRule of Law Adjusted Rankings, 2000/01Source for data: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2001.htm ; Map downloaded from : http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz/gov2001mapYadj.asp Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Red, 25% or less rank worse; Orange, between 25% and 50%; Yellow, between 50% and 75%; Light green between 75% and 90% ; Dark green over 90%
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Traffic Light World MapsVoice and Accountability 2000/01Source for data: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2001.htm ; Map downloaded from : http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz/gov2001map.asp Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Red, 25% or less rank worse; Orange, between 25% and 50%; Yellow, between 50% and 75%; Light Green between 75% and 90% ; Dark Green above 90%
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Traffic Light World MapsVoice and Accountability Adjusted Rankings, 2000/01Source for data: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2001.htm ; Map downloaded from : http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz/gov2001mapYadj.asp Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Red, 25% or less rank worse; Orange, between 25% and 50%; Yellow, between 50% and 75%; Light green between 75% and 90% ; Dark green over 90%
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Traffic Light World Maps Control of Corruption 2000/01Source for data: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2001.htm ; Map downloaded from : http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz/gov2001map.asp Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Red, 25% or less rank worse; Orange, between 25% and 50%; Yellow, between 50% and 75%; Light Green between 75% and 90% ; Dark Green above 90%
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Traffic Light World Maps Control of Corruption Adjusted Rankings, 2000/01Source for data: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2001.htm ; Map downloaded from : http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz/gov2001mapYadj.asp Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Red, 25% or less rank worse; Orange, between 25% and 50%; Yellow, between 50% and 75%; Light green between 75% and 90% ; Dark green over 90%
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Traffic Light Map Latin AmericaControl of Corruption 2000/01Source for data: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2001.htm ; Map downloaded from : http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz/gov2001map.asp Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Red, 25% or less rank worse; Orange, between 25% and 50%; Yellow, between 50% and 75%; Light Green between 75% and 90% ; Dark Green above 90%
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Mapa Luz de Semaforo America LatinaControl de la Corrupcin 2000/01, Ajustado por IngresoFuente de datos: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2001.htm ; Grafico bajado de : http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz/gov2001map.asp Los colores estan assignados de acuerdo a los siguientes criterios: Rojo, 25% o menos ; Naranja, entre 25% y 50%; Amarillo, entre 50% y 75%; Verte, mas de 75%
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Traffic Light Map Latin AmericaVoice and Accountability 2000/01Source for data: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2001.htm ; Map downloaded from : http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz/gov2001map.asp Colors are assigned according to the following criteria: Red, 25% or less rank worse; Orange, between 25% and 50%; Yellow, between 50% and 75%; Light Green between 75% and 90% ; Dark Green above 90%
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Mapa Luz de Semaforo America LatinaVoz y Rendicin de Cuentas 2000/01, Ajustado por ingresoFuente de datos: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/govdata2001.htm ; Grafico bajado de : http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz/gov2001map.asp Los colores estan assignados de acuerdo a los siguientes criterios: Rojo, 25% o menos ; Naranja, entre 25% y 50%; Amarillo, entre 50% y 75%; Verte, mas de 75%
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Zimbabwe Over Time (vs. Botswana)6 Aggregate Governance Indicators (Percentile Rankings, 1997-98 / 2000-01)Rankings were calculated on the basis of 2001 and 1998 country estimates. Sources: KKZ98/KKZ01. Number of countries in worldwide sample, depending on component of governance ranges between 161 and 194.
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The Dividend of Good Governance:
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Probabilidad de Perder su Inversion Extranjera por Corrupcion(Dentro de 5 anhos. SP/DRI, 2000, Algunos paises selectos; sujeto a margen de error, ilustrativo)
Probability of Losing FDI due to CorruptionCon CertezaNo pierde [%]
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Lower Income Households Pay DisproportionallyBribe/Total Income ratio % ( A Latin American Country )
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Romania: Disproportionally Negative Impact on the Poor
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Citizen Voice Improves Accessibility of Public Services to the PoorBased on Public Officials Survey. The sample of institutions includes 44 national, departmental, and municipal agencies which are a prior anticipated to be accessible to the poor
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Citizen Voice Helps Control Bribery in country in LatAm Based on 90 national, departmental, and municipal agencies covered in the Bolivia Public Officials Survey.
Chart4
46.2943.45-5-5Low
39.0236.84Moderate_Low
28.5831.16Moderate_High
21.424.8266High
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Voice / External Accountability
Bribery
all3
all3
45.4946.21-11.288
32.9132.80
23.1620.6811.288
Simple Average Association Between Transparency and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Transparency on Corruption
Internal Transparency
Frequency of Bribery
construct3
6.3324.95
35.3633.88
Simple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Autonomy on Corruption
Frequency of Bribery
all4
38.4736.399
35.533.8357
27.7230.6239
Simple Average Association Between Wages and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Wages on Corruption
Wage Satisfaction
Frequency of Bribery
construct4
22.3437.1118
43.733.9769
36.3730.4671
Simple Average Association Between Voice and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Voice on Corruption
Voice
Frequency of Bribery
effect
51.8255.0519
59.6560.1275
70.5365.279
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Resources
Service Delivery Performance
Sheet2
29.6126.97
36.4931.09
34.9536.33
Simple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Policitization on Corruption
Politicization
Frequency of Bribery
Sheet1
45.4946.21-11.288
32.9132.80
23.1620.6811.288
Simple Average Association Between Transparency and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Transparency on Corruption
Internal Transparency
Frequency of Bribery
Sheet6
6.3324.952.4402
35.3633.88-12.9646
Simple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Autonomy on Corruption
Frequency of Bribery
38.4736.399-4.2432422
35.533.83570
27.7230.62394.2717278
Simple Average Association Between Wages and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Wages on Corruption
Wage Satisfaction
Frequency of Bribery
5454.572.3904
59.1959.860.1730737705
6865.8-2.3572
Simple Average Association Between Voice and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Voice on Service Delivery
Voice
Quality of Services
51.8255.05192.18705
59.6560.12750
70.5365.279-2.2975064
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Resources
Service Delivery Performance
29.6126.973.0212
36.4931.090
34.9536.33-2.2908
Simple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Policitization on Corruption
Politicization
Frequency of Bribery
TransparencyTransparencyControlled Causal Link of Transparency on CorruptionupperlowerSimple Average Association Between Transparency and CorruptiondifferenceMeritocracyControlled Causal Link of Meritocracy on CorruptionupperlowerSimple Average Association Between Meritocracy and Corruptiondifference
Low52.7346.2142.860223487552.617376512545.49-11.2886.8Low53.4138.646636.458637914740.834562085345.49-4.3759241706
Medium64.6432.833.731060142333.400739857732.9102.26Medium63.934.345734.196079146934.495320853132.91-0.2992417062
High75.420.6825.48338612116.03961387923.1611.2886.8High76.7129.093631.433126066426.754073933621.344.6790521327
64.2534.0364.6734.03
-1.190.4234875445-0.410.1943127962
AutonomyAutonomyControlled Causal Link of Autonomy on CorruptionupperlowerSimple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruptiondifference
Autonomous Agencies124.95216.332.44021.47
Non-autonomous Agencies033.883635.36-12.9646-7.81
62.4633.74
-4.243.1879699248
WageControlled Causal Link of Wages on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Wages and Corruption
Low21.0136.39939.133748837234.423051162838.47-4.24324222.55617
Medium36.2733.835734.257646511633.805553488435.50
High54.7730.623928.346251162833.056948837227.724.27172782.57333
37.8933.74
-0.18-0.1395348837
VoiceControlled Causal Link of Voice on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Voice and CorruptionVoiceControlled Causal Link of Voice on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Voice and Service Delivery
Low38.5137.111835.599782062838.623817937222.34-3.0240358744Low38.5154.5756.011080327953.5477196721542.39041.44
Medium52.1433.976933.870666816134.083133183943.7-0.2124663677Medium52.1459.8660.454236885260.281163114859.190.1730737705
High67.430.467131.934768161428.999431838636.372.9353363229High67.465.865.428746721367.819853278768-2.3572-1.42
33.7460.79
53.1753.17
-0.23-0.10313901350.410.0840163934
ValuesControlled Causal Link of Values on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Values and Corruption
Low33.8435.968236.1922228740.1795771336.37-3.9873542601
Medium50.8133.762134.039391928334.526208071734.52-0.4868161435
High67.7331.562531.892904035928.889495964130.283.0034080717
33.74
50.98ResourcesControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
-0.13-0.1048387097Low38.3355.051955.952403278753.458796721351.822.187051.3175
Medium51.0660.127560.102174590259.747625409859.650
High63.9965.27964.31714262366.13525737770.53-2.2975064-1.38404
60.79
51.27
0.40.0785854617
PoliticizationControlled Causal Link of Policitization on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Low21.9826.9737.696794170444.130605829629.613.02121.82
Medium41.5731.0935.211587443937.604412556136.4900
High57.9236.3333.137410313932.157589686134.95-2.2908-1.38
33.74
40.7
0.340.1176470588
RulesControlled Causal Link of Ill-Specified Rules on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Ill-Specified Rules and Corruption
Bad53.9840.902533.637242600933.470157399145.330.1670852018
Medium63.233.987532.467584304930.398615695132.942.0689686099
Good73.0726.58531.215466367727.110533632322.594.1049327354
33.74
63.53
-0.75-0.1536885246
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Transparency and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Transparency on Corruption
Internal Transparency
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Autonomy on Corruption
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Wages and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Wages on Corruption
Wage Satisfaction
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Voice and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Voice on Corruption
Voice
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Values and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Values on Corruption
Voice
Service Delivery
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Policitization on Corruption
Politicization
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Ill-Specified Rules and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Ill-Specified Rules on Corruption
Rules
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Voice and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Voice on Service Delivery
Voice
Service Delivery Performance
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Resources
Service Delivery Performance
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Meritocracy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Meritocracy on Corruption
Meritocracy
Frequency of Bribery
41.5436.7-4.482
36.434.57
31.832.91
23.530.14.6646
Simple Average Association Between Wages and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Wages on Corruption
Wage Satisfaction
Frequency of Bribery
50.6851.292.72242.7224
56.3258.04
60.9962.7
73.669.85-2.6726-2.6726
Simple Average Association Between Voice and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Voice on Service Delivery
Voice
Quality of Services
29.0327.484.4824.482
3332.46
3635.44
3538.72-3.486-3.486
Simple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Policitization on Corruption
Politicization
Frequency of Bribery
6.3324.952.4402
35.3633.88-12.9646
Simple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Autonomy on Corruption
Frequency of Bribery
29.0327.4830.95
3332.4632.94
3635.4434.26
3538.7235.78
Simple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Policitization on Corruption
Politicization
Frequency of Bribery
6.3324.9521
35.3633.8836
Simple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Autonomy on Corruption
Frequency of Bribery
TransparencyControlled Causal Link of Transparency on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Transparency and Corruptiondifference
Low49.8348.81-12.05167.26
Moderately Low37.2935.743.13
Moderately High28.9132.672.92
High16.6417.9312.25087.38
WageControlled Causal Link of Wages on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Wages and CorruptionHigh36.739.54-4.4822.7
Low36.741.54-4.4822.7Moderate_High34.5736.41.6
Moderately Low34.5736.41.6Moderate_Low32.9135.81.54
Moderately High32.9131.81.54Low30.123.54.66462.81
High30.123.54.66462.81
VoiceControlled Causal Link of Voice on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Voice and Service Delivery
Low51.2950.682.72241.64
Moderately Low58.0456.320.83
Moderately High62.760.990.82
High69.8573.6-2.67261.61
PoliticizationControlled Causal Link of Policitization on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Low27.4829.034.4822.730.95
Moderately Low32.46331.7132.94
Moderately High35.44361.6434.26
High38.7235-3.4862.135.78
ResourcesControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Low5452.433.35322.02
Moderately Low58.9354.441.35
Moderately High62.2462.131.48
High67.5974.04-3.4032.05
RulesControlled Causal Link of Ill-Specified Rules on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Ill-Specified Rules and Corruption
Bad045.330
Medium032.940
Good022.590
33.74
0
DIRECT
QualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracyService QualityCorruption
Corruption-0.110.00-0.13-0.11
Meritocracy0.00-0.42-0.010.00-0.41
Transparency0.00-1.140.000.12-1.19
Resources0.400.000.000.000.400.00
Voice0.380.010.140.170.41-0.23
Politicization0.000.12-0.13-0.17-0.040.34
Autonomy0.00-11.33-4.46-4.780.47-4.24
Wage0.00-0.180.000.000.02-0.18
Enforcement0.00-0.010.000.000.00-0.01
Values0.00-0.130.000.000.01-0.13
Rules0.000.00-0.660.00-0.080.75
PerRules0.000.000.000.380.02-0.16
PerRuleControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryVoiceControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryVoiceControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryAutonomyAutonomyControlled Causal Link of Autonomy on CorruptionupperlowerSimple Average Association Between Autonomy and CorruptiondifferenceBudget DiversionControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Low59.8956.572.87181.7359.86Low37.3138.895.0132-3.02Low43.0442.684.482-2.7Autonomous Agencies15.32216.9111.52046.94Low57.556.79-4.8142.9
Moderate_Low62.4359.721.3562.42Moderate_Low47.7249.211.35Moderate_Low50.853.771.35Non-autonomous Agencies011.13611.186.32463.81Moderate_Low54.855.211.48
Moderate_High65.0366.441.4865.03Moderate_High54.7453.561.48Moderate_High57.1258.791.4862.4633.74Moderate_High50.951.181.35
High68.7875.39-3.03781.8368.8High63.962.86-4.8142.9High64.53262.66-4.4822.7High45.2144.825.0132-3.02
Budget DiversionControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Low6162.015.0132-3.02
Rule4Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryTransparencyControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryModerate_Low5656.141.35
Low8.8812.39-1.992-1.2Low45.7340.633.5856-2.16Rule4Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryModerate_High5251.11.48
Moderate_Low8.2710.981.35Moderate_Low49.547.291.35Low43.4546.29-54.32High4450-4.8142.9
Moderate_High7.846.251.48Moderate_High52.97581.48Moderate_Low36.8439.021.35Simple Average AssociationControlled Causal Link
High7.344.652.2411.35High57.557.7-3.35322.02Moderate_High31.1628.581.48Low13.2814.511.8
High24.8221.464.91Moderately Low12.5111.55
Moderately High9.59.5
High8.96.941.87129.5250.6599526913
7108.51
484144.535
5974
26282742
24182130
111814.56
71410.517
242926.521
7129.54
101311.56Party finance (% of firms)Corruption
1278222013.8251821.527258.44
10714568.414020.535120.13
PoliticiControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery414839444042.435152513357.14
Low57583.43622.073.7167.97711.6229525058.844323.542425.97
Moderate_Low59591.357.1664.9165282628281925.8421327.5104230.52
Moderate_High62621.489.4462.963182430292926302226273036.35
High6564-3.2038-1.9312.0760.57591.3821811129911.863520.524670.78
1478889172018.5201777.27
292432182024.621814.5112124.68
1278557.44442429477.92
131019141414655.54614.29
181659263029.8272724.03
40498212628.8353549.35
1579111411.2131363.64
433040333436424240.26
13106121811.8101072.73
222026141719.8272737.66
353247242733242427.27
201237292524.6202062.99
854665.8111183.77
443737212633292912.34
548596.2449.09
PerRuleControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryPerRuleControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryPerRuleControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Low59.8956.572.87181.7359.86Low59.8956.572.87181.7359.86Low59.8956.572.87181.7359.86
Moderate_Low62.4359.721.3562.42Moderate_Low62.4359.721.3562.42Moderate_Low62.4359.721.3562.42
Moderate_High65.0366.441.4865.03Moderate_High65.0366.441.4865.03Moderate_High65.0366.441.4865.03
High68.7875.39-3.03781.8368.8High68.7875.39-3.03781.8368.8High68.7875.39-3.03781.8368.8
ValueControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Low36.4741.43-4.4156-2.6659.86
Moderate_Low34.38391.3562.42
Moderate_High33.234311.4865.03
High31.1219.624.2164-2.5468.8
00-1.992
00
00
002.241
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Quality of Rules
Budget Diversion
003.58563.5856
00
00
00-3.3532-3.3532
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Politicization
Quality of Services
005.01325.0132
00
00
00-4.814-4.814
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Voice
Accessibility to the Poor
00
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Voice
Poverty Reduction Impact
00
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Internal Transparency
Poverty Reduction Impact
000
000
000
000
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Rules in Personnel Management
Meritocracy
002.87182.8718
00
00
00-3.0378-3.0378
&A
Page &P
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Rules in Personnel Management
Meritocracy
002.87182.8718
00
00
00-3.0378-3.0378
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Rules in Personnel Management
Meritocracy
00-5-5
00
00
0066
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Voice
Frequency of Bribery
002.4402
00-12.9646
Simple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Autonomy on Corruption
Job Purchases
002.87182.8718
00
00
00-3.0378-3.0378
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Rules in Personnel Management
Bribery
00-4.4156
00
00
004.2164
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Voice
Bribery
001.6221.622
00
00
001.3821.382
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Politicization
Meritocracy
00-5
00
00
006
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Quality of Rules
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Voice
Accessibility to the Poor
00
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Budget Diversion
Poverty Reduction Impact
00
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Budget Diversion
Accessibility to the Poor
001.81.8
00
00
001.81.8
Simple Average Association
Controlled Causal Link
Transparency
Job Purchase
Simple Average AssociationControlled Causal Linkdifference
Simple Average AssociationControlled Causal LinkdifferenceLow40.6345.73-5
Low48.8149.83-12.0516Moderately Low47.2949.5
Moderately Low35.7437.29Moderately High5652.97
Moderately High32.6728.91High57.757.55
High17.9316.6412.2508
Rule4Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Low43.4546.29-5
Moderate_Low36.8439.02
Moderate_High31.1628.58
High24.8221.46
00-12.0516-12.05160
000
000
0012.250812.25080
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Internal Transparency
Bribery
00-5-50
000
000
00550
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Internal Transparency
Poverty Reduction Impact
00-5-50
000
000
00660
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Voice / External Acountability
Bribery
DIRECTThru CorruptionThru TransparencyThru Meritocracy
QualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracyQualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracyQualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracyQualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracy
Corruption-0.110.00-0.14-0.110.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Meritocracy0.000.40-0.010.00-0.040.00-0.060.000.000.010.00-0.000.000.000.000.00
Transparency0.00-1.170.000.110.130.000.000.130.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Resources0.400.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Voice0.380.040.150.18-0.000.00-0.01-0.000.00-0.180.000.000.000.00-0.000.00
Politicization0.000.09-0.14-0.18-0.010.00-0.01-0.010.000.160.000.000.000.000.000.00
Autonomy0.00-12.47-4.80-5.161.370.001.751.370.005.620.000.000.000.000.050.00
Wage0.00-0.170.000.000.020.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Enforcement0.00-0.100.000.000.010.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Values0.00-0.130.000.000.010.000.020.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Rules0.000.00-0.650.000.000.000.000.000.000.760.000.000.000.000.000.00
PerRules0.000.000.000.380.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00-0.000.00
DIRECTINDIRECTNET
QualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracyQualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracyQualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracy
Corruption-0.110.00-0.14-0.11Corruption0.000.000.000.00Corruption-0.110.00-0.14-0.11
Meritocracy0.000.40-0.010.00Meritocracy-0.040.01-0.06-0.00Meritocracy-0.040.41-0.07-0.00
Transparency0.00-1.170.000.11Transparency0.130.000.000.13Transparency0.13-1.170.000.24
Resources0.400.000.000.00Resources0.000.000.000.00Resources0.400.000.000.00
Voice0.380.040.150.18Voice-0.00-0.18-0.01-0.00Voice0.38-0.140.140.18
Politicization0.000.09-0.14-0.18Politicization-0.010.16-0.01-0.01Politicization-0.010.25-0.15-0.19
Autonomy0.00-12.47-4.80-5.16Autonomy1.375.621.801.37Autonomy1.37-6.85-3.00-3.79
Wage0.00-0.170.000.00Wage0.020.000.020.02Wage0.02-0.170.020.02
Enforcement0.00-0.100.000.00Enforcement0.010.000.010.01Enforcement0.01-0.100.010.01
Values0.00-0.130.000.00Values0.010.000.020.01Values0.01-0.130.020.01
Rules0.000.00-0.650.00Rules0.000.760.000.00Rules0.000.76-0.650.00
PerRules0.000.000.000.38PerRules0.000.00-0.000.00PerRules0.000.00-0.000.38
Corruption0%-1%0%
Meritocracy100%3%85%100%
Transparency100%0%54%
Resources0%
Voice-1%130%-5%-3%
Politicization100%65%7%5%
Autonomy100%-82%-60%-36%
Wage100%0%100%100%
Enforcement100%0%100%100%
Values100%0%100%100%
Rules100%0%
PerRules100%0%
0
-
Transparency within Government Agencies Prevents Purchase of Public PositionsBased on 90 national, departmental, and municipal agencies covered in the Public Officials Survey.
Chart9
13.2814.511.81.8Low
12.5111.55Moderately Low
9.59.5Moderately High
8.96.941.81.8High
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Internal Transparency
Job Purchase
all3
all3
45.4946.21-11.288
32.9132.80
23.1620.6811.288
Simple Average Association Between Transparency and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Transparency on Corruption
Internal Transparency
Frequency of Bribery
construct3
6.3324.95
35.3633.88
Simple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Autonomy on Corruption
Frequency of Bribery
all4
38.4736.399
35.533.8357
27.7230.6239
Simple Average Association Between Wages and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Wages on Corruption
Wage Satisfaction
Frequency of Bribery
construct4
22.3437.1118
43.733.9769
36.3730.4671
Simple Average Association Between Voice and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Voice on Corruption
Voice
Frequency of Bribery
effect
51.8255.0519
59.6560.1275
70.5365.279
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Resources
Service Delivery Performance
Sheet2
29.6126.97
36.4931.09
34.9536.33
Simple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Policitization on Corruption
Politicization
Frequency of Bribery
Sheet1
45.4946.21-11.288
32.9132.80
23.1620.6811.288
Simple Average Association Between Transparency and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Transparency on Corruption
Internal Transparency
Frequency of Bribery
Sheet6
6.3324.952.4402
35.3633.88-12.9646
Simple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Autonomy on Corruption
Frequency of Bribery
38.4736.399-4.2432422
35.533.83570
27.7230.62394.2717278
Simple Average Association Between Wages and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Wages on Corruption
Wage Satisfaction
Frequency of Bribery
5454.572.3904
59.1959.860.1730737705
6865.8-2.3572
Simple Average Association Between Voice and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Voice on Service Delivery
Voice
Quality of Services
51.8255.05192.18705
59.6560.12750
70.5365.279-2.2975064
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Resources
Service Delivery Performance
29.6126.973.0212
36.4931.090
34.9536.33-2.2908
Simple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Policitization on Corruption
Politicization
Frequency of Bribery
TransparencyTransparencyControlled Causal Link of Transparency on CorruptionupperlowerSimple Average Association Between Transparency and CorruptiondifferenceMeritocracyControlled Causal Link of Meritocracy on CorruptionupperlowerSimple Average Association Between Meritocracy and Corruptiondifference
Low52.7346.2142.860223487552.617376512545.49-11.2886.8Low53.4138.646636.458637914740.834562085345.49-4.3759241706
Medium64.6432.833.731060142333.400739857732.9102.26Medium63.934.345734.196079146934.495320853132.91-0.2992417062
High75.420.6825.48338612116.03961387923.1611.2886.8High76.7129.093631.433126066426.754073933621.344.6790521327
64.2534.0364.6734.03
-1.190.4234875445-0.410.1943127962
AutonomyAutonomyControlled Causal Link of Autonomy on CorruptionupperlowerSimple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruptiondifference
Autonomous Agencies124.95216.332.44021.47
Non-autonomous Agencies033.883635.36-12.9646-7.81
62.4633.74
-4.243.1879699248
WageControlled Causal Link of Wages on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Wages and Corruption
Low21.0136.39939.133748837234.423051162838.47-4.24324222.55617
Medium36.2733.835734.257646511633.805553488435.50
High54.7730.623928.346251162833.056948837227.724.27172782.57333
37.8933.74
-0.18-0.1395348837
VoiceControlled Causal Link of Voice on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Voice and CorruptionVoiceControlled Causal Link of Voice on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Voice and Service Delivery
Low38.5137.111835.599782062838.623817937222.34-3.0240358744Low38.5154.5756.011080327953.5477196721542.39041.44
Medium52.1433.976933.870666816134.083133183943.7-0.2124663677Medium52.1459.8660.454236885260.281163114859.190.1730737705
High67.430.467131.934768161428.999431838636.372.9353363229High67.465.865.428746721367.819853278768-2.3572-1.42
33.7460.79
53.1753.17
-0.23-0.10313901350.410.0840163934
ValuesControlled Causal Link of Values on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Values and Corruption
Low33.8435.968236.1922228740.1795771336.37-3.9873542601
Medium50.8133.762134.039391928334.526208071734.52-0.4868161435
High67.7331.562531.892904035928.889495964130.283.0034080717
33.74
50.98ResourcesControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
-0.13-0.1048387097Low38.3355.051955.952403278753.458796721351.822.187051.3175
Medium51.0660.127560.102174590259.747625409859.650
High63.9965.27964.31714262366.13525737770.53-2.2975064-1.38404
60.79
51.27
0.40.0785854617
PoliticizationControlled Causal Link of Policitization on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Low21.9826.9737.696794170444.130605829629.613.02121.82
Medium41.5731.0935.211587443937.604412556136.4900
High57.9236.3333.137410313932.157589686134.95-2.2908-1.38
33.74
40.7
0.340.1176470588
RulesControlled Causal Link of Ill-Specified Rules on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Ill-Specified Rules and Corruption
Bad53.9840.902533.637242600933.470157399145.330.1670852018
Medium63.233.987532.467584304930.398615695132.942.0689686099
Good73.0726.58531.215466367727.110533632322.594.1049327354
33.74
63.53
-0.75-0.1536885246
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Transparency and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Transparency on Corruption
Internal Transparency
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Autonomy on Corruption
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Wages and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Wages on Corruption
Wage Satisfaction
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Voice and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Voice on Corruption
Voice
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Values and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Values on Corruption
Voice
Service Delivery
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Policitization on Corruption
Politicization
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Ill-Specified Rules and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Ill-Specified Rules on Corruption
Rules
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Voice and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Voice on Service Delivery
Voice
Service Delivery Performance
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Resources
Service Delivery Performance
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Meritocracy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Meritocracy on Corruption
Meritocracy
Frequency of Bribery
41.5436.7-4.482
36.434.57
31.832.91
23.530.14.6646
Simple Average Association Between Wages and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Wages on Corruption
Wage Satisfaction
Frequency of Bribery
50.6851.292.72242.7224
56.3258.04
60.9962.7
73.669.85-2.6726-2.6726
Simple Average Association Between Voice and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Voice on Service Delivery
Voice
Quality of Services
29.0327.484.4824.482
3332.46
3635.44
3538.72-3.486-3.486
Simple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Policitization on Corruption
Politicization
Frequency of Bribery
6.3324.952.4402
35.3633.88-12.9646
Simple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Autonomy on Corruption
Frequency of Bribery
29.0327.4830.95
3332.4632.94
3635.4434.26
3538.7235.78
Simple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Policitization on Corruption
Politicization
Frequency of Bribery
6.3324.9521
35.3633.8836
Simple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Autonomy on Corruption
Frequency of Bribery
TransparencyControlled Causal Link of Transparency on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Transparency and Corruptiondifference
Low49.8348.81-12.05167.26
Moderately Low37.2935.743.13
Moderately High28.9132.672.92
High16.6417.9312.25087.38
WageControlled Causal Link of Wages on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Wages and CorruptionHigh36.739.54-4.4822.7
Low36.741.54-4.4822.7Moderate_High34.5736.41.6
Moderately Low34.5736.41.6Moderate_Low32.9135.81.54
Moderately High32.9131.81.54Low30.123.54.66462.81
High30.123.54.66462.81
VoiceControlled Causal Link of Voice on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Voice and Service Delivery
Low51.2950.682.72241.64
Moderately Low58.0456.320.83
Moderately High62.760.990.82
High69.8573.6-2.67261.61
PoliticizationControlled Causal Link of Policitization on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Politicization and Corruption
Low27.4829.034.4822.730.95
Moderately Low32.46331.7132.94
Moderately High35.44361.6434.26
High38.7235-3.4862.135.78
ResourcesControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Low5452.433.35322.02
Moderately Low58.9354.441.35
Moderately High62.2462.131.48
High67.5974.04-3.4032.05
RulesControlled Causal Link of Ill-Specified Rules on CorruptionSimple Average Association Between Ill-Specified Rules and Corruption
Bad045.330
Medium032.940
Good022.590
33.74
0
DIRECT
QualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracyService QualityCorruption
Corruption-0.110.00-0.13-0.11
Meritocracy0.00-0.42-0.010.00-0.41
Transparency0.00-1.140.000.12-1.19
Resources0.400.000.000.000.400.00
Voice0.380.010.140.170.41-0.23
Politicization0.000.12-0.13-0.17-0.040.34
Autonomy0.00-11.33-4.46-4.780.47-4.24
Wage0.00-0.180.000.000.02-0.18
Enforcement0.00-0.010.000.000.00-0.01
Values0.00-0.130.000.000.01-0.13
Rules0.000.00-0.660.00-0.080.75
PerRules0.000.000.000.380.02-0.16
PerRuleControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryVoiceControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryVoiceControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryAutonomyAutonomyControlled Causal Link of Autonomy on CorruptionupperlowerSimple Average Association Between Autonomy and CorruptiondifferenceBudget DiversionControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Low59.8956.572.87181.7359.86Low37.3138.895.0132-3.02Low43.0442.684.482-2.7Autonomous Agencies15.32216.9111.52046.94Low57.556.79-4.8142.9
Moderate_Low62.4359.721.3562.42Moderate_Low47.7249.211.35Moderate_Low50.853.771.35Non-autonomous Agencies011.13611.186.32463.81Moderate_Low54.855.211.48
Moderate_High65.0366.441.4865.03Moderate_High54.7453.561.48Moderate_High57.1258.791.4862.4633.74Moderate_High50.951.181.35
High68.7875.39-3.03781.8368.8High63.962.86-4.8142.9High64.53262.66-4.4822.7High45.2144.825.0132-3.02
Budget DiversionControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Low6162.015.0132-3.02
Rule4Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryTransparencyControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryModerate_Low5656.141.35
Low8.8812.39-1.992-1.2Low45.7340.633.5856-2.16Rule4Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryModerate_High5251.11.48
Moderate_Low8.2710.981.35Moderate_Low49.547.291.35Low43.4546.29-54.32High4450-4.8142.9
Moderate_High7.846.251.48Moderate_High52.97581.48Moderate_Low36.8439.021.35Simple Average AssociationControlled Causal Link
High7.344.652.2411.35High57.557.7-3.35322.02Moderate_High31.1628.581.48Low13.2814.511.8
High24.8221.464.91Moderately Low12.5111.55
Moderately High9.59.5
High8.96.941.87129.5250.6599526913
7108.51
484144.535
5974
26282742
24182130
111814.56
71410.517
242926.521
7129.54
101311.56Party finance (% of firms)Corruption
1278222013.8251821.527258.44
10714568.414020.535120.13
PoliticiControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery414839444042.435152513357.14
Low57583.43622.073.7167.97711.6229525058.844323.542425.97
Moderate_Low59591.357.1664.9165282628281925.8421327.5104230.52
Moderate_High62621.489.4462.963182430292926302226273036.35
High6564-3.2038-1.9312.0760.57591.3821811129911.863520.524670.78
1478889172018.5201777.27
292432182024.621814.5112124.68
1278557.44442429477.92
131019141414655.54614.29
181659263029.8272724.03
40498212628.8353549.35
1579111411.2131363.64
433040333436424240.26
13106121811.8101072.73
222026141719.8272737.66
353247242733242427.27
201237292524.6202062.99
854665.8111183.77
443737212633292912.34
548596.2449.09
PerRuleControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryPerRuleControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryPerRuleControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Low59.8956.572.87181.7359.86Low59.8956.572.87181.7359.86Low59.8956.572.87181.7359.86
Moderate_Low62.4359.721.3562.42Moderate_Low62.4359.721.3562.42Moderate_Low62.4359.721.3562.42
Moderate_High65.0366.441.4865.03Moderate_High65.0366.441.4865.03Moderate_High65.0366.441.4865.03
High68.7875.39-3.03781.8368.8High68.7875.39-3.03781.8368.8High68.7875.39-3.03781.8368.8
ValueControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Low36.4741.43-4.4156-2.6659.86
Moderate_Low34.38391.3562.42
Moderate_High33.234311.4865.03
High31.1219.624.2164-2.5468.8
00-1.992
00
00
002.241
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Quality of Rules
Budget Diversion
003.58563.5856
00
00
00-3.3532-3.3532
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Politicization
Quality of Services
005.01325.0132
00
00
00-4.814-4.814
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Voice
Accessibility to the Poor
00
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Voice
Poverty Reduction Impact
00
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Internal Transparency
Poverty Reduction Impact
000
000
000
000
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Rules in Personnel Management
Meritocracy
002.87182.8718
00
00
00-3.0378-3.0378
&A
Page &P
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Rules in Personnel Management
Meritocracy
002.87182.8718
00
00
00-3.0378-3.0378
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Rules in Personnel Management
Meritocracy
00-5-5
00
00
0066
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Voice
Frequency of Bribery
002.4402
00-12.9646
Simple Average Association Between Autonomy and Corruption
Controlled Causal Link of Autonomy on Corruption
Job Purchases
002.87182.8718
00
00
00-3.0378-3.0378
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Rules in Personnel Management
Bribery
00-4.4156
00
00
004.2164
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Voice
Bribery
001.6221.622
00
00
001.3821.382
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Politicization
Meritocracy
00-5
00
00
006
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Quality of Rules
Frequency of Bribery
00
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Voice
Accessibility to the Poor
00
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Budget Diversion
Poverty Reduction Impact
00
00
00
00
Simple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service Delivery
Budget Diversion
Accessibility to the Poor
001.81.8
00
00
001.81.8
Simple Average Association
Controlled Causal Link
Transparency
Job Purchase
Simple Average AssociationControlled Causal LinkdifferenceBudget DiversionControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Simple Average AssociationControlled Causal LinkdifferenceLow40.6345.73-5Low57.556.79-4.814Simple Average AssociationControlled Causal Link
Low48.8149.83-12.0516Moderately Low47.2949.5Moderate_Low54.855.21Low13.2814.511.8
Moderately Low35.7437.29Moderately High5652.97Moderate_High50.951.18Moderately Low12.5111.55
Moderately High32.6728.91High57.757.55High45.2144.825.0132Moderately High9.59.5
High17.9316.6412.2508High8.96.941.8
Rule4Controlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryVoiceControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Low43.4546.29-5VoiceControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service DeliveryLow43.0442.684.482Budget DiversionControlled Causal Link of Resources on Service DeliverySimple Average Association Between Resources and Service Delivery
Moderate_Low36.8439.02Low37.3138.895.0132Moderate_Low50.853.77Low6162.015.0132-3.02
Moderate_High31.1628.58Moderate_Low47.7249.21Moderate_High57.1258.79Moderate_Low5656.141.35
High24.8221.46Moderate_High54.7453.56High64.53262.66-4.482Moderate_High5251.11.48
High63.962.86-4.814High4450-4.8142.9
00-12.0516-12.05160
000
000
0012.250812.25080
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Internal Transparency
Bribery
00-5-50
000
000
00550
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Internal Transparency
Poverty Reduction Impact
00-5-50
000
000
00660
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Voice / External Acountability
Bribery
005.01325.01320
000
000
00-4.814-4.8140
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Voice / External Acountability
Accessibility to the Poor
004.4824.4820
000
000
00-4.482-4.4820
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Voice / External Acountability
Poverty Reduction Impact
00-4.814-4.8140
000
000
005.01325.01320
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Budget Diversion
Poverty Reduction Impact
005.01325.01320
000
000
00-4.814-4.8140
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Budget Diversion
Accessibility to the Poor
001.81.80
000
000
001.81.80
Simple Average Association
Control Causal Link
Margin of Error
Internal Transparency
Job Purchase
DIRECTThru CorruptionThru TransparencyThru Meritocracy
QualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracyQualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracyQualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracyQualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracy
Corruption-0.110.00-0.14-0.110.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Meritocracy0.000.40-0.010.00-0.040.00-0.060.000.000.010.00-0.000.000.000.000.00
Transparency0.00-1.170.000.110.130.000.000.130.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Resources0.400.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Voice0.380.040.150.18-0.000.00-0.01-0.000.00-0.180.000.000.000.00-0.000.00
Politicization0.000.09-0.14-0.18-0.010.00-0.01-0.010.000.160.000.000.000.000.000.00
Autonomy0.00-12.47-4.80-5.161.370.001.751.370.005.620.000.000.000.000.050.00
Wage0.00-0.170.000.000.020.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Enforcement0.00-0.100.000.000.010.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Values0.00-0.130.000.000.010.000.020.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
Rules0.000.00-0.650.000.000.000.000.000.000.760.000.000.000.000.000.00
PerRules0.000.000.000.380.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00-0.000.00
DIRECTINDIRECTNET
QualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracyQualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracyQualityBribeTransparencyMeritocracy
Corruption-0.110.00-0.14-0.11Corruption0.000.000.000.00Corruption-0.110.00-0.14-0.11
Meritocracy0.000.40-0.010.00Meritocracy-0.040.01-0.06-0.00Meritocracy-0.040.41-0.07-0.00
Transparency0.00-1.170.000.11Transparency0.130.000.000.13Transparency0.13-1.170.000.24
Resources0.400.000.000.00Resources0.000.000.000.00Resources0.400.000.000.00
Voice0.380.040.150.18Voice-0.00-0.18-0.01-0.00Voice0.38-0.140.140.18
Politicization0.000.09-0.14-0.18Politicization-0.010.16-0.01-0.01Politicization-0.010.25-0.15-0.19
Autonomy0.00-12.47-4.80-5.16Autonomy1.375.621.801.37Autonomy1.37-6.85-3.00-3.79
Wage0.00-0.170.000.00Wage0.020.000.020.02Wage0.02-0.170.020.02
Enforcement0.00-0.100.000.00Enforcement0.010.000.010.01Enforcement0.01-0.100.010.01
Values0.00-0.130.000.00Values0.010.000.020.01Values0.01-0.130.020.01
Rules0.000.00-0.650.00Rules0.000.760.000.00Rules0.000.76-0.650.00
PerRules0.000.000.000.38PerRules0.000.00-0.000.00PerRules0.000.00-0.000.38
Corruption0%-1%0%
Meritocracy100%3%85%100%
Transparency100%0%54%
Resources0%
Voice-1%130%-5%-3%
Politicization100%65%7%5%
Autonomy100%-82%-60%-36%
Wage100%0%100%100%
Enforcement100%0%100%100%
Values100%0%100%100%
Rules100%0%
PerRules100%0%
0
-
Very Corrupt
Not Corrupt
The ratio at the top of each column is the corruption ranking of Parliament among all surveyed institutions. Thus, for instance, in Cambodia, relative to other surveyed public institutions, Parliament rated best among 10, while in Ecuador it rated worst among 35. Research sources: Governance Anti-Corruption Index Country Diagnostic Surveys, Bolivia, Cambodia, Ecuador, Georgia, Latvia, Paraguay, Romania, Slovakia, WBI /WB http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/
Parliaments Misgoverned or Honest Institutions?: Enormous Variation on Corruption Relative Standing
Relative to All other institutions surveyed
-
Defining and Measuring State Capture Elite firms illicitly shape rules of the game to their advantage, particularly through: private purchase of legislative votesprivate purchase of executive decreesprivate purchase of court decisionsIllicit influence of Central Bank regulations/policiesillicit political party financing
-
An Index of State Capture
-
Measuring State Capture
-
at an enormous Socio-Economic Cost
-
Do Foreign Firms bring Good Governance?
-
Towards a Solution:More Political CompetitionPace of Econ ReformPolitical Reforms
-
Towards a Solution: Collective Action by Firms
-
Main Sources of Undue Influence- Elite Capture/Grand Corruption? (responses from public officials and enterprise sector)
% public officials/firms responding affirmatively
Chart4
2224
2632
5575
6779
7183
7495
Public Officials
Firms
Sheet4
Alcance de la corrupcin para favorecer intereses particulares
Alcande de la corrupcin en el Estado765Sum
Soborno a funcionarios de BCR para asegurar que se favorezcan intereses particulares en decisiones del Banco18101442
Soborno a funcionarios de Organismos Reguladores or de las Superintendencias para favorecer intereses particulares27191460
Soborno a las autoridades municipales y miembros del Concejo, para favorecer intereses particulares31201566
Percepcin de las principales fuentes de corrupcin
765Public OfficialsFirms765
Trade Unions56112224546
Professional Associations681226325612
Organized Crime (excl. drug)3113115575371910
Multinationals2920186779312613
Large 'Grupos Econmicos'3718167183392114
Drug Cartels50159749558199
Sheet4
-
Corruption
Public Oversight and Civil Society:Ombudsman in Albania and Bolivia Private Sector Coalition in Bolivia Diagnostic Surveys and NGO monitoring in Ecuador and others
Governance Improvement in Practice (eg. 5 countries):Prioritized and Differentiated Comprehensiveness
Financial Controls: Procurement Reform in Bolivia, Ecuador and Georgia
Institutional and Civil ServiceReform: Transparent Privatization in Ecuador Salary Reform in Bolivia Disclosure of Assets in Bolivia and Georgia
Legal-Judicial: Revamp of Supreme Court in Bolivia Competency test and firing of judges in Georgia, Albania and Latvia Mediation in Albania
Economic Policy: Deregulation and Delicensing in Bolivia Revamping Customs in Ecuador and Latvia Tax Administration in Latvia and Ecuador Tax/Customs Code Reform in Albania
Open Law Making / Public Meetings on Procurement
Public Procurement Unit Cost Comparison Initiative
Anti-Corruption Compact: Firms, Leaders, NGOs
D. Modesty: The Infancy of Serious Anti-Corruption
-
Una formula simple en el proceso anti-corrupcin:
AC = D + L + A
Anti-corrupcin = Datos.Informacion + ...+ Liderazgo + ...
... + Accion Colectiva
-
Strategic Implications for Debate Prioritized, Differentiated ComprehensivenessGovernance Indicators as strategic input, for Monitoring, for lessons from failures and successesNeed to complement with in-depth country DiagnosticEmphasize role of IncentivesAddressing challenge of State Capture (not just govt)Upgrade role of private/business sector / associationsCitizen Voice and Transparency as key developmental variables -- Collective Action & Power of Data Webtool access to data, charts, analysis and methods: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/
-
Datos Presentados por el Analisis e informacin de Consejos Politicos, no para Precisar RankingsLos datos contenidos en esta presentacin se originan de encuestas de muchas fuentes (y agencias de rating) y estn sujetas a un margen de error. El propsito es de ilustrar caractersticas de gobernabilidad para analizar y discutir implicaciones. No se intenta en esto jerarquizar/ranking de pases con estas fuentes externas, sino estudiar los retos al niver micro dentro de cada pais. Estos datos y resultados no necesariamente refleja opiniones algunas del Banco Mundial o su Junta Directiva.
Para mas informacion y datos, visitar: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance
Key point: the surveys not only reveal the incidence and extent of corruption, but allow us to examine the direct costs to different groups in society. This research demonstrates the highly unequal impact of so-called "gratuity payments" in Romania. Though they are often seen as a quasi-market pricing mechanism, they have an impact on the poor's access to health services.333