gp’s on the line? information systems and the nhs plenary session professor frank stowell
TRANSCRIPT
IS or IT Failures?
Project Author
TAURUS DRUMMOND (1986)
WESSEX HEALTH AUTHORITY
KIRBY-GREEN (1993)
LONDON AMBULANCE
WASTELL AND NEWLAN (1996)
PATHWAY RANGER (2000)
SOCRATES MITEV (1996)
NATIONAL AUSTRALIA BANK
JOHNSON (1996)
ETC ETC ETC
HORRIBLE INTERFACE? (Morris and Travis, 2001).
“The commonest cause of It failure...is custom-made systems…
new business processes must also fit unmodified software and not the other way around.
(Economist, 2002).
“METHODS OF IS DESIGN FROM THE DATA PROCESSING ERA
ARE AS DEFUNCT
AS THE MONOLITHIC ENTERPRISES IN WHICH THEY RESIDE”
(ANGEL, 2000)
• NHS and Change
• Wales new structure (Dobson,2002)
• Scotland merger (Truland,2002)
• UK workforce development (Davis,2002)
• UK/IT 50% coverage by 2005 Economist,2002
Comment
Workshop Jan ‘03 £ but What is problem?
Vickers is relevant here any system to have stability .. “does not consist in prescribing one goal or even one series of goals; but in regulating a system over time in such a way as to optimise the realisation of many conflicting relations” (1983).
Systems and Information systems
Experience shows:
1. understanding from within
2. transfer of ownership
Appreciate
Depict
Define
Specify
SpecifyGap
Satisfy ISDEFINITION
Model
CLIENT-LED DESIGN
e.g. Black box diagram
eg RP’s, AIM, influence diags
Transparent
e.g.Root defintion, rates/levels diagram
eg Activity models, DFD’s, Object Models(Stowell and West, 1994)
client led information system creation(clic)
DESIGN SYSTEM TO BE
SERVED
DESIGNSERVINGSYSTEM
IDEASforACTION
APPRECIATE
IDEASintoPRACTICE
TO FACILITATE THOSE INVOLVED IN I.S. DESIGN IN NAVIGATING FROM THE CREATION OF IDEAS FOR PURPOSEFUL ACTION TO CREATING A LOGICAL SPECIFICATION FOR A SERVING I.S.
1.1ST PHASE OF THE INQUIRY - AN EXPLORATION OF THE SITUATION TO CREATE SHARED APPRECIATION (VICKERS,1983)
2. ONCE SOME SHARED AGREEMENT HAS BEEN REACHED MOVE ON TO CONSIDER IDEAS FOR ACTION THAT MIGHT BRING IMPROVEMENT
3.CONSIDER IDEAS FOR THE SYSTEM TO BE SERVED THEN IDEAS FOR THE SERVING SYSTEM.
4. BOTH CLIENTS AND DEVELOPERS CONSIDER HOW TO OPERATIONALISE IDEAS FOR ACTION - IDEAS ARE “CONTEXTUALISED” TO CREATE WHAT VICKERS REFERRED TO AS “A MORE DETAILED COMPLIMENTARY PICTURE”
TO DO THIS WE USE A CONVERSATION FOR ACTION MODEL
CLIC
Systems Tools for CLIC
Appreciation:Rich Pictures, AIM
Designing the Action to be taken(the System to be Served)
Conceptual Activity Models
Conversation Models
Designing the Information System(Serving System)
UML Collaboration Diagrams
Object Oriented Case Tools
APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY METHOD(West,1995)
Why attend an SPMC Workshop?
Learn about systems ideas
Hear about developments in NHS/IT project
Will it help to address workplace problems?
What time is available
Navigating the Gap:
Using Systems Ideas to manage IS development
Discussant: Donna Champion
GPs on the line April 2003 SPMC Workshop
Client Led Information system Creation
1. Create a shared appreciation of the situation
2. Create some ideas for improvement
3. Express those ideas for taking action as a model
4. Think through the implications, creating more detailed models of how the action might work in practice. (The ‘system to be served’).
1. Use this learning to think through the requirements for the information system –ideas for the ‘serving system’.
GPs on the Line April 2003 SPMC Workshop Champion and Stowell
CLI C: Client Led Information system Creation
Appreciation
I deas into Practice
Design the System to
be Served
Design the Serving System
I deas for
Action
GPs on the Line April 2003 SPMC Workshop Champion and Stowell
Systems Tools for CLIC
Appreciation:Rich Pictures, AIM
Designing the Action to be taken(the System to be Served)
Conceptual Activity ModelsConversation Models
Designing the Information System(Serving System)
UML Collaboration DiagramsObject Oriented Case Tools
GPs on the Line April 2003 SPMC Workshop Champion and Stowell
An Example
Create an Activity modelExpressing ideas for action
GPs on the Line April 2003 SPMC Workshop Champion and Stowell
An Example
Take each actor in turn and consider the ‘Conditions ofSatisfaction’ for each activity
Manager
IT
Manager
GPs on the Line April 2003 SPMC Workshop Champion and Stowell
Take each role in turnand model all the conversations they willneed to participate in to complete the action.
1.
1.b
2.
3.
ActionStart
Finish
Conversation for Action Model
E.G. Manager
GPs on the Line April 2003 SPMC Workshop Champion and Stowell
CLIC
In a practical sense, coherence is maintained by using activity-oriented models throughout.
In a theoretical sense, coherence is maintainedby following the same principles of inquiry throughout.
GPs on the Line April 2003 SPMC Workshop Champion and Stowell
Summary
Developing IS in public services is difficult, failure is common.
The purpose of the workshop is to think about how Systems ideas might help.
The idea of ‘navigating the gap’ seems useful.
Any ideas must be useful in different conditions. For example, in new ‘green field’ design, or in ‘brown field’ reform approaches.
GPs on the Line April 2003 SPMC Workshop Champion and Stowell
GPs on the Line April 2003 SPMC Workshop Champion and Stowell
References
Champion, D. (2001) “Navigating the Gap between Purposeful Action and a Serving Information System”, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Information Systems and Computer Sciences, De Montfort University, Milton Keynes.
Champion, D. and Stowell, F.A., (2002) “Navigating the Gap between Action and a Serving Information System”, Information Systems Frontiers, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 273-285.