gr. 9 - types of drugs slide show

8/2/2019 Gr. 9 - Types of Drugs Slide Show

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Drug Use and

Abuse

Types of Drugs and their Effects


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What are Drugs?

Drugs are substances, other than food,that affect a persons mental, emotional, or

physical state.


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The Continuum of Drug Use & Abuse


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Activity

Draw the Continuum of Drug Use in anotherformat of your choice.


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Types of Drugs: #1 Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens

Alters users perceptions of the world around them,

causing distortions in their sensesOverdoses are rare

Accidents and injuries very common because theydistort what the user experiences

Flashbacks later in life are common Examples - LSD, psilocybin (magic mushrooms),

mescaline, and ecstasy


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Hallucinogens: LSD

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)Effects are unpredictable

Emotional reactions can change rapidly betweeneuphoria, sadness, and fear

Bad trip involves anxiety, terrifying thoughts andfeelings, and disorienting sensations

Regular users can experience upsetting flashbackswithout taking the drug again


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Hallucinogens: Ecstasy

Short-term effects: Dilated pupils

Tightening of the jaw

Nausea

Sweating

Dry mouth and throat

Increased blood pressureand heart rate

Loss of appetite

Long-term effects: Impaired short-term

memory

Depression

Mood changes

Disrupted sleep patterns


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Types of Drugs: #2 Depressants

Depressants

Slow down the CNS and reduce inhibitions

Examples alcohol, solvents (i.e. glue,gasoline), opiates (heroin), painkillers,tranquilizers and sleeping (i.e. club & date

rape drugs GHB, and Rohypnol)


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Depressants:

Heroin and Other Opiates Low doses cause:

Reduced physical andemotional pain

Dizziness

Reduced mentalalertness

Drowsiness

Nausea and vomiting

High doses cause: Euphoria

Impaired concentration

Slower breathing

Low blood pressure

Contraction of pupils

Constipation

Coma

Death


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Depressants: Inhalants and Prescribed

CNS Depressant Medication Inhalants:

Paint thinners, modelling glue, gasoline, and cleaning fluids

Produce feelings of euphoria and light-headedness

Can result in brain damage, suffocation, and death

Prescribed CNS Depressant Medications: Barbiturates and tranquilizers

Used to treat anxiety, nervousness, sleep problems, and to relaxmuscles

Discontinuing use can lead to withdrawal symptoms


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Depressants: Date-Rape Drugs

Rohypnol Colourless, tasteless, and odourless

Leaves people with little or no memory of events while on the

drug GHB (liquid E)

Tastes slightly salty

High doses cause extreme fatigue and unconsciousness

Ketamine (Special K, K) Produces numbness and paralysis

High doses can lead to unconsciousness


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How to Protect Yourself from Date-

Rape Drugs Always party with friends

Know who is pouring your drink

Watch your drink

Tell someone you trust if you feel overlyintoxicated or have lost control of yourself

Dont plan to go home by yourself


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Types of Drugs: #3 Stimulants

Stimulants

Speed up body systems such as the CNS and

the cardio-respiratory system, delay fatigue,and may produce hyperactivity

Examples nicotine, caffeine, diet pills,Ritalin, cocaine, crack, speed, andmethamphetamine


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Stimulants: Amphetamine-Type

Stimulants (ATS) Effects:

Increased alertness and

energy

Feeling of well-being

Decreased appetite

Rapid heart beat and

breathing

Increased blood

pressure

SweatingDilated pupils

Dry mouth

EuphoriaDependence


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Crystal Methamphetamine and Tablets


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Stimulants: Cocaine and Crack

Physical effects:

Rapid heart beat

Dilated pupils, sweating

Decreased appetite

Muscle spasms, tremors

Headache, pressure in the chest

Nausea and fever

Blurred vision convulsions

Emotional effects: Euphoria

Severe agitation

Paranoid thinking

Erratic or violent behaviour

Hallucinations


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Types of Drugs: #4 Cannabis

Cannabis

Marijuana is the most popular form

Has its own classification Acts mostly as a hallucinogen, but also has

depressant effects (slows response time andmemory) and a stimulant effect (raises heart rate)

Examples marijuana, hashish, hash oil, andtetrahydrocannabinol (THC)


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Consequences of

Marijuana Use Physical and Psychological Effects:Damages the respiratory system

Causes problems with memory, concentration, and thebrains ability to organize and process complexinformation

Threat to mental and emotional health

Threat to child if smoked by pregnant womenUsers develop tolerance and become dependent


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Effects of Marijuana Use


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Question #1

Name the four main types of mood-alteringdrugs and give examples of each.


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Question # 2

List the known physical and psychologicalconsequences of prolonged marijuana

use.


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The Gateway Theory

Theory proposes that someone who usesmarijuana is more likely than a non-user to go

on to use harder drugs (i.e. cocaine and heroin) 2 main facts to support theory:

Almost all people who used both marijuana and"hard" drugs used marijuana first

Marijuana users are more likely to try other drugs


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The Gateway Theory con't

The other side of the debates says:

Opportunities to use marijuana arise earlier in

life than the opportunities to use other drugsSome individuals are simply more likely to use

drugs in general (any drug).

The vast majority of marijuana users do notgo on to use heroin or cocaine


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Activity Think, Pair, Share

The Gateway Theory proposes that use ofmarijuana leads to use of other drugs.

Debate whether or not the same could besaid for alcohol or tobacco use.


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Types of Drugs: #5 Anabolic

Steroids Anabolic SteroidsCommonly used to treat certain medical

conditionsNon-medically, increase training endurance

and muscle building

Used to enhance athletic performance and

body imageBoth natural and synthetic forms


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A Reality Check on Steroids

What are anabolic steroids?Performance-enhancing drugs

Include testosterone, and synthetic drugs chemicallyrelated to testosterone

Prescribed by doctors to treat specific injuries, illnesses,and other medial conditions

Come in pills, capsules, muscle injections, and gels andcreams that are rubbed into the skin


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Effects of Steroids on the Body

Specifically in Boysand Men:

Shrunken testicles, leadingto impotence

Impaired sperm production,

leading to infertility

Breast growth andtenderness

Hair loss

Specifically in Girlsand Women:

Irregular periods, or loss ofperiods, leading to infertility

Deepening of the voice

Growth of facial and body

hair Shrinkage of breasts

Growth of clitoris


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Effects of Steroids on the Body

In Men and Women:

Severe acne

Stunted growthMuscle spasms

Decreased flexibility

Water retention

Nose bleeds

Kidney damage

Liver damage

Weakened immunesystem

Increased blood

pressure

Increased cholesterol


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Drugs: Whats the Harm in It?

Safety Concerns

Most substances affect the users judgment

and motor coordination Intoxication can cause users to make unsafe

choices

Activities like using equipment and machineryto playing sports become very dangerous


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Whats the Harm in It?

Long-Term Physical Health Problems

Chronic use of a substance may have long-

term physical effectsSome risks decrease greatly when a person

stops using the substance (i.e. tobacco)

Some substances, such asmethamphetamine and anabolic steroids,have irreversible effects


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Mental Health Problems

Some drugs such as amphetamines, ecstasy,

and crystal meth can cause short-term anxietySubstance use sometimes used to self-

medicate mental health problems. This can

lead to ultimately aggravating the mentalhealth issue.


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Cognitive Problems

Some substances can affect the way users

perceive and understand what is going on.Example short term cannabis use has

shown to impair short-term memory and theability to concentrate


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Violence and Crime

Some substances reduce inhibitions

Users experience a sense of self-confidence& invincibility, but with impaired judgment.

40%-50% of violent crimes by inmates in

Canadian correctional facilities involvedalcohol


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No Quality Control for Illegal Drugs

Many drugs such as crystal meth and MDMA(ecstasy), are manufactured in secret labs found inbarns, mobile homes, motel rooms, houseboats,storage sheds, and basements by drug dealers, notchemists

No quality control over their production

Labs are usually dirty

Many errors are made, leading to poisonous drugs


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The Risk of an Overdose Risk always present

Heroin users develop a tolerance to the drug whichincreases the risk of overdose because the userneeds to take higher doses to get the same effect.Eventually they take so much of the drug that theirbody cant cope.

Mixing drugs can greatly increase the possibility ofoverdose due to them working together to produce astronger reaction


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How Drug Use Begins

Culture and Media

Glamorization of drug use by popular culture

through the Internet, TV, and moviesExamples messages of alcoholic beverage

consumption with images of good times,popularity, and success


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How Drug Use Begins

Curiosity

want to know how it feels

Social Acceptance

Pressure from friends

Want to gain acceptance to a particular socialgroup


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How Drug Use Begins

Lack of Knowledge About the RisksKnowledge is power

Not knowing risks may lead to teens using anew drug heavily and vice versa

Celebrations and Religious ObservancesDrugs (alcohol especially) are often a part of

family or community celebrations andreligious services


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Reasons Teens Use Drugs

Questioning Authority:

Demonstrating independence

Trying out new, exciting, and possibly riskyexperiences

Desire to establish your own identity

Tendency to act on impulse without thinkingthrough the consequences


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Question #3

Outline three reasons why someone mighttry using drugs, and for each reason,

present an argument against using drugs.


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Activity

Divide into groups and debate the issue ofwhether or not all drugs should be legal,

but regulated. Be sure to consider bothsides of the argument. Create a chartlisting your arguments for and againstlegalization of all drugs.

Materials Needed: chart paper, markers


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Video's

The Truth About Drugs (dvd)

gr. 9 - types of drugs slide show

Documents