Criminal Sciences and Criminology

DOUMENT EXAMINATION/ GRAPHOSCOPY / DACTYLOSCOPY

Graphoscopy It is the discipline that studies the manuscripts in order to establish the authenticity of the origin of the

signatures, forgery of manuscripts studies and identifies the real author.

Changes (Alterations) in writing Misrepresentation (Tergiversation): The action by which a writer varies his own writing. Usually change

aspects such as tilt, and the size of your writing. Imitation: is when a writer reproduces the writing of

another person. The degree of certainty, skill and practice determine the quality of an imitation.

Recognition printing features.It is important for investigators to recognize

characteristics of the main printing systems involved in the preparation of documents used for public or private transactions.

Lithography: The information printed in this system is characterized in that its characters

have sharp edges, and the touch is flat. Typography: it stands on the edges of the

letters, numbers or symbols there is an ink recharging, called flash, and sometimes are

bas-reliefs in the document.

DOCUMENT EXAMINATIONIt is the discipline that deals with the

examination of documents to dictate their authenticity or alterations that have been subjected.

Is defined as the technique to establish a methodology by the authenticity of writings and documents and determine the identity of the authors.

The document: componets parts.

Support or type of surface: the physical area that contains the information in the

document. This varies in shape and composition, for

example a glass, metal, cardboard, walls, plastic, etc…

Information supplied: it can be expressed by printing or writing, latent or visible.

The document and the chain of custody

Fixing: Use of photography or video and written form will ensure the knowledge of the document's location in relation to the rest of the site of the event.

Survey: Sometimes you need to see the document as a surface likely to contain latent prints, reason will be lifted with tongs and gloves.

Packaging: Depends on the type of information, shall be packed in a plastic bag. Others can be in a paper or plastic, other can be in a cardboard box.

Dactyloscopy The set of techniques and procedures that

are intended to study and classification of fingerprints.

This science we can determine the identity of an individual with absolute certainty.

Dactylogram called the impression of a fingerprint and inn steeped in ink on

paper. In the fingerprints are three

characteristics:1: Generals, 2: Specifics and 3: Individuals.

1. General: Basilar system, marginal system, and nuclear system

2. Specific: These are used by experts for identification

3. Individuals: Determine the uniqueness of each one of us. They have the following properties:

• 1.Inmutabilidad: do not change throughout our lives.

• 2.Perennes: remain in us from before birth until after death.

• 3.Diversiformes: all tracks are different from each other. Never repeat