Grammar

in a nutshell

# 2

Past Simple

Turn a sentence into the past by adding -ed to the (regular) verb. If a verb is irregular you have to use a different form (2nd form).

Check this sentence:I made this powerpoint last week.

Last week shows that I made and finished this powerpoint in the past.

If you want to say that something happened in the past – and was finished in the past – you use the past simple.

Present Perfect

Present Perfect = have/has + verb+ed or irregular verb (3rd form).

I have made changes to this powerpoint since I first made it.

Since shows that I made the powerpoint in the past but you can now see the changes that I made.

If you want to say that something happened in the past – but is still relevant now: not completely finished or you can see a result – you use the present perfect.

Choose the correct alternativehttp://youtu.be/r-UlHmyogmA?t=25s

Fill in the exercises in your book and choose the Past Simple or the Present Perfect (p. 62/63 WB).

Extra exercise: Mary and MaxDo this by yourself if you need more practice!

A. READ THE SENTENCES TAKEN FROM A LETTER MAX IS WRITING MARY AND

TRY TO GUESS WHETHER YOU SHOULD COMPLETE THE BLANKS WITH THE

SIMPLE PAST OR THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSES OF THE GIVEN VERBS.

1 I ____________ (CHOOSE) THE SAME NUMBERS FOR NINE YEARS. 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12.2 I _____________ (HAVE) MANY DIFFERENT JOBS DURING MY LIFE.3 MY FIRST JOB ______ (BE) COLLECTING SUBWAY TOKENS IN THE SUBWAY.4 I __________ (WORK) AT THE FRISBEE PRINTING MACHINE IN MY THIRD JOB.5 IN MY FOURTH JOB, I _________ (GET - NEG) PAID MUCH BUT ________ (GET) FREE COOKIES AND COFFEE.6 ____________ (YOU - EVER - BE) HANG GLIDING?7 _____________ (YOU - EVER - BE) A COMMUNIST?8 _____________ (YOU - EVER - BE) ATTACKED BY A CROW OR A SIMILAR LARGE BIRD. WHEN I __________ (BE) NINE, A CROW _________ (ATTACK) ME ON MY WAY TO SCHOOL.9 I _________________ (TEACH) MYSELF TO READ TWO PAGES AT ONCE.10 I HAVE TO GO NOW. I __________ (TELL - NEG) YOU ABOUT MY 7TH JOB, IN A CONDOM FACTORY.11 I _______________ (EAT - NEVER) SWEETENED CONDENSED MILK.12 I ________________ ( USE - NEVER) A CONDOM.

NEG = NEGATIVE = NOT!

B. CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO + ANSWERS:

HTTP://MOVIESEGMENTSTOASSESSGRAMMARGOALS.BLOGSPOT.NL/2012/03/MARY-AND-MAX-PRESENT-PERFECT-X-SIMPLE.HTML

Adjectives & AdverbsBijvoeglijk naamwoorden & Bijwoorden

The pink ball.

Ball = nounPink = adjectiveThe = article

Pink gives more info about the ball.

Katy Perry is beautiful.

Katy Perry = nounBeautiful = adjectiveIs = verb

Beautiful says something about Katy.

Says how something happens or how something is done. It says more about a verb, adjective or adverb.

Very often (but NOT always), you make an adverb (from an adjective)by adding –ly. Check your book for more info!

It describes something or someone. It says more about a noun (zelfst. nwd).

Katy Perry sings beautifully.

Katy Perry = nounBeautifully = adverbSings = verb

Beautifully says something about how Katy Perry sings.

FYI: http://youtu.be/KYC-aFwBqns

Fill in the grid.Some adjectives and adverbs are missing. Fill in the missing words! (p. 63 WB)

happily

strangehard

curious

considerable

beautifully

fastreasonably

surprising

easily

Remember this:

A verb is a doing word: you walk, cycle, read, write…(werkwoord)

A noun is a naming word: it names people, places and things.(zelfstandig naamwoord)

An adjective (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) is a describing word: it gives a little more information about people, places and things.

An adverb (bijwoord) is also describing word: it gives more information about a verb, adjective or other adverbs.

The article is incomplete. Some of the adjectives and adverbs are missing. Use the words in the brackets () to complete the text. (p. 64 WB)

…or not…

Don’t forget:Always write YOU not U!

Always write I never i!

Always write going to: ‘gonna’ doesn’t exist...

(neither does ‘wanna’ = want to)If you do these thing wrong,

it will cost you points!

Grammar

in a nutshell

# 2