Grammar Lesson 7

• Vocab:

• Pro tempore- a Latin term which means “for the time being” or “for a little while”

• Writ of habeas corpus- Latin, a legal term meaning that a prisoner has the right to know why he or she is in jail and to be brought before a judge

Singular, Plural, Compound, and Possessive Nouns/ Noun Gender

• Singular or plural: nouns are either singular or plural

• Singular noun: names only one person, place, or thing

• Plural noun: names more than one person, place, or thing

Compound and Possessive

• Compound nouns: made up of two or more words, sometimes written as one word (classroom), often we write them as two words (snow tire), some are hyphenated (brother-in-law)

• Possessive nouns: tell “who” or “what” owns something, can be singular or plural, have an apostrophe and an s added to them (Sam’s)

• Usually only an apostrophe is added to plural nouns when they end with the letter s (elephants’)

Noun Gender

• We also group nouns according to gender

• In English, there are four genders:

• Masculine- uncle, brother, buck

• Feminine- aunt, sister, doe

• Indefinite (either sex)- sibling, horse, deer

• Neuter (no sex)-socks, desk, bicycle

Grammar Lesson 8

• Vocab:

• Common- means “shared”

• Mutual- means “reciprocal”

Future Tense

• Refers to action that has not yet occurred

• Usually formed with the helping verbs shall or will

• With the pronouns I and we, the use of shall is preferable in formal writing

• Examples: He will serve. I shall vote.

• In informal writing, the helping verb shall is sometimes used with pronouns other than I or we in order to show strong emotion or to imply a threat or command. (You shall wear your seat belt in the car.)

Grammar Lesson 9

• Vocab:

• Hospes- Latin word meaning guest

• Inhospitable- means unfriendly, uninviting, or unwelcome

• Hospice- a place or program in which pilgrims, strangers, or the terminally ill find shelter, rest, or treatment

Capitalization: Pronoun I, Poetry, Titles, Outlines, Quotations

• Pronoun I: always capitalized no matter where it is placed in the sentence

• First word in a line of poetry: the first words of each line in most poetry are usually capitalized; however some poets, for effect, purposely do not capitalize the first words of every line of their poetry

Titles

• Titles require special capitalization, in titles we capitalize:

• The first and last words

• All verbs (action or being words)

• All other words in the title except certain short words

• A preposition with five or more letters (such as outside, underneath, between)

• Unless located first or last in the title, words like a, an, and, then, but, or, for and nor do not need a capital letter

Outlines and Quotations

• Outlines: require capital letters for the Roman numerals and for the letters of the first major topics, we also capitalize the first letter of the first word in the outline

I. The House of RepresentativesA. Representation by population

B. Members serve two years

• Quotations: we capitalize the first word of a dialog quotation (Freddy asked, “Have you seen him?”)