Spanish 2 grammar handbook

Javier Colley

1. Que vs cual2. Ser3. Estar4. Gustar5. Transition6. Imperfect7. Irregular Imperfects8. Triggers9. Acabar de10. Hacer expressions11. Palabras transicional12. Verbos como gustar13. Reflexive14. Tu commands15. Afermative16. Negative17. Irregular 18. DOP and placement19. Preterite

Que vs Cual Que- the word que is when you are asking for a

definition, or definite something

Cual- cual is asking which is or which are

EX- Que es esto?

EX- cual es la fecha de tu cumpleanos.

Ser Ser- to be

It talks about when something is will forever be the same.

When you use it can be remembered with the acronym “DOCTOR PED.”

Descriptions

Origin

Characteristics

Time

Occupation

Relationships

Possession

Events

Dates

Estar Estar also means to be.

Estar is only for a period of time.

It can be remembered using the acronym HELPING

Health

Emotions

Location

Present condition

ING- Ar-ando ER-iendo IR-iendo

Gustar Me gusta(n)- it pleases me

Te gusta(n)-it pleases you

Le gusta(n)- it pleases he/she/Ud.

Nos gusta(n)-it pleases we

Les gusta(n)- it pleases us

To make negative a a“no” before the me/te/le/nos/les.

Transitions Primo

Luego

Tambien

y

Imperfect verbs

-aba -abamos

-abas

-aba aban

AR Conjugation

-ía -íamos

-ías

-ía -ían

ER/IR conjugation

Uses1. Ongoing action2. Repeated action 3. No definate beginning or end4. time-/date/age/feelings/descriptions5. Interrupted activities

Trigger words Todos los días

A menudo

A veces

Siempre

Cada día

Los lunes

GeneralmenteMientrasDe vez en cuandoMuchas vecesfrecuenmente

Ababa de Acaba de +infinitive is used to say you just did

something.

Ex acabo de ir al cine.

You are saying that you just went to the movies

You have to conjugate the acabar but don’t conjugate the infinitive.

Hacer expressions Hace + time + que + conjugated verb

How long have you been doing something?

Ex Hace tres dias que voy a la de espanol.

Hace + que + infinitaveWhat needs to be done?

Hace que estudiar, porque neceito una bueno nota en la clase de espanol.

Palabras transicional Tambien

Ahora

Primaro

Ni-ni

Despues

Por eso

Asi que

Entonecs

Verbos como gustar Falta- to lose something

Duele-to hurt

Facina-to facinate

Molesta- to annoy

All of these verbs are congagated the same way as gustar (p.4)

Reflexive Reflexive are verbs that the doer is doing it to ones self.

You can Identify these verbs by they have se on the end of them.

Ex: lavarse, to wash ones self.

When conjugating them, you conjugate them normally then add a object pronoun to the front. So if you were saying he washes himself. You would say se lava.

Tu commands Tu commands are used when giving commands to

someone you know or someone younger.

The forms are affirmative and negative

Affirmative The easy rule to conjugate verbs into the affirmative

form is drop the “s”

EX to conjugate the verb comer (to eat) you would have to conjugate it to comes then drop the “s” and make it come

Irregular Tu Commands Di………………..Decir

Haz……………..Hacer

Ve………………..Ir

Pon……………...Poner

Sal………………..Salir

Se…………………Ser

Ten………………Tener

Ven………………Venir

DOP and Placement The direct objects are

They are placed at the end of Verb.

If you wanted to say eat it. You would conjugate the verb comer to comelo or come lo.

Me

Te

Lo/La Los/Las

Preterite The preterite is another past tense verb form. It is

used when the action happened once.

This can often get mixed up with the imperfect form.

-AR -ER/IR

-é -Amos

-aste

-ó -Aron

-í -imos

-iste

-ió -ieron