Grant Stratton

Embodied Structural Carbon

Operational Carbon

Whole Life Carbon

75% High Energy Building

Low Energy Building

25%

50% 50%

Embodied Carbon+

2019?25% 75%

FinishesBuilding Services

Windows

Internals

Other

Foundation

Floor Structure

Roof

External WallsHeating

Electricity

Cooling

Other

Whole Life Cycle

Source: Sturgis Associates LLP Indicative Whole Life Carbon Emissions

Building = 50% Embodied Carbon

Structure = 25% Whole Life Carbon

Operational Carbon Embodied Carbon

EXTRACTION

MANUFACTURE

TRANSPORTATION

CONSTRUCTION

DISPOSAL

CR

AD

LE T

O G

RA

VE

CR

AD

LE T

O S

ITE

CR

AD

LE T

O

GAT

E

Embodied Carbon Life Cycle

Embodied Carbon

How Do We Measure Embodied Carbon?

•Cradle to Gate

-Carbon in the manufacture of the components

•Embodied carbon

=Carbon data KgCO2/Kg x Weight of material Kg

•Materials

•How we use them

• Structural form

• Quantity

• Quality

• Source

Choices

Concrete

•Concrete 2nd to water as the most consumed

substance on Earth

•One tonne of concrete is being used for each

human on earth every year

•Concrete accounts for 2.6% UK & 10% global

carbon dioxide emissions

Pulverised Fuel Ash

Coal Fired Power Stations

•Concrete strength

•2 million tonnes of PFA/GGBFS is used annually in the UK.

•By replacing portland cement they reduce UK CO2

emissions by nearly 2 million tonnes annually.

•3 million tonnes of PFA is disposed to landfill

•We could double the amount currently used and this would

reduce CO2 emissions by a further 2 million tonnes annually

Concrete Strength and Cement Replacement

Ground Granulated Blast

Furnace Slag

Production of Iron

Option Mix Volume TonnesCO2

Flat slab OPC 2700m3 1880

Flat slab 50% GGBS 2700m3 1450

Ribbed slab 50% GGBS 2100m3 1135

Carbon Comparison Concrete Frame

Overall carbon reduction 40%

Steel

• Most recycled construction material

• ~90% of steel is recycled

• Demand for steel exceeds supply of scrap steel by factor 2 and has to be supplemented by new steel.

• All new steel contain ~ 40% recycled steel

Tonnes of steel:

• Beijing: 45 000

• London: 4 500

Sequestration: 0.9t C02 per m3 of timber. Timber

Structural Timber

Cross Laminated Timber CLT

Kingswood Hub Alec French Architects

Hayesfield Girls School White Design

Hayesfield Girls School White Design

Modcell Flying Factory

Modcell Delivered to Site Pre-Rendered

Hayesfield Girls School White Design

Hayesfield Girls School White Design

Hayesfield Girls School White Design

Embodied Carbon Hayesfield School

-126

159

206217

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

Nucleus(with sequestration)

Nucleus(without sequestration)

Concrete Scheme Steel scheme

Em

bo

die

d C

arb

on

, kg

CO

2e /

m2

Embodied carbon of structural components, compared to

equivalent steel and concrete schemes

Hayesfield Girls School Carbon Sequestration

Grant Stratton

Embodied Structural Carbon