Graphics,Graphics, Hypermedia, Hypermedia,

and and MultimediaMultimedia

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Focus on Computer Graphics

• Computer graphics include:

– Painting Software

– Digital Image Processing

– Drawing Software

– 3-D Modeling Software

– CAD/CAM

– Presentation Software

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Painting Software

GrAphicS

Pixels: tiny dots of white, black or color arranged on the screen

Bit-Mapped Graphics: pictures that are simple maps showing how the pixels should be arranged on the screen

J a r g o n

Resolution: the number of pixels (dots) per inch

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Use pointing devices to “paint” objects, shapes or freehand script on the screen

Painting Software

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Painting Software

Painting tools are used to create drawings

A variety of special effects can be added

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Outlinedshapes can be filled with colors

Painting Software

Windows Paint

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Digital Image Processing:Photographic Editing by

Computer

Why Digital Imaging Software?

Provides a powerful way to edit high resolution images captured by digital cameras and scanners

Allows photographs to be edited and combined (think of the supermarket tabloids)

Offers a way to touch up pictures and make them look more professional and polished

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Digital Image Processing

Start with this photo…

Combine it with other images to create this… Or this…

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Digital Image Processing:Software

Adobe Photoshop

Acquires images

Manipulates pixels

Layers – edited and stored independently

Used by professionals

Saves in other formats

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Digital Image Processing:Software

Coral PhotoPaint

Adobe Photoshop Elements

Microsoft Picture It!

Jasc Paint Shop

Apple iPhoto

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Drawing:Object-Oriented Graphics

Object-Oriented Software offers drawing tools similar to painting software

Pointing devices are used to create various shapes

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Drawing

Shapes in Object-Oriented Software:– Are stored as formulas (not pixels)

that describe how to draw that shape

– Drawings are smoother and require less memory than bit-mapped drawings

– Resolution is not fixed

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Drawing: Software

• Adobe Illustrator

• Macromedia Freehand

• Corel Draw

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Painting Pixels vs.Drawing Object Shapes

– You have more control over textures, shading, and fine detail

– Use for creating screendisplays (for video games, multimedia presentations, and Web pages)

When painting with pixels:

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Painting Pixels vs.Drawing Object Shapes

When painting with pixels:

– Use for simulatingnatural paint media

– Use to embellishphotographic images

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Painting Pixels vs.Drawing Object Shapes

When drawing object shapes:

– shapes and lines are cleaner and smoother

– use for creating printed graphs, charts, and illustrations

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Graphics File Formats

• Tiff – bit-mapped, images from scanners, widely supported

• EPS – encapsulated postscript

• Native file formats

• For commercial printing

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Graphics File Formats

• BMP – Windows bit-map

• PICT – Macintosh, both bit-mapped and object-oriented

Platform dependent Paint programs

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Graphics File Formats:for the WEB

GIF

• 256 possible colours

• Lossless compression

JPEG

• Photo-realistic

• Lossy compression

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Presentation graphics software is used to create visual aids for:

– Lectures

– Training and education sessions

– Sales and product demonstrations

– Meetings

Presentation Graphics:Bringing Lectures to Life

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Presentation Graphics:Bringing Lectures to Life

– Users can Enter textin outline form

– Enhance text with font and style changes, clip art, audio, and videoclips

– Add Special effects and transitions to computer “slide shows”(like this one)

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CAD/CAM: From Picturesto Products

Engineers,architects, and designersuse CAD/CAMsoftware to designor manufactureproducts

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CAD/CAM: From Pictures to Products

– CAD (computer-aided design) is a modern drafting tool for designers

• Designs can be tested under various conditions before being built

– CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) is a program that controls the manufacturing of parts• CAM uses data from a CAD program

to build the part that was designed

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• Modern media often contains dynamic information that changes over time or in response to user input

Dynamic Media:Beyond the Printed Page

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Animation: Graphics in Time

Create the illusionof animation fromstill images with animated graphics

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Animation: Graphics in Time

• Tedious tasks have been automated with computers and animation software

• Toy Story was the first full-length animated movie created on a computer

• Artist draws the key frames only

• In-between frames are computer-drawn

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3-D Modeling Software

Illustrators and designers use this software to add depth to two dimensional objects

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Objects can be stretched…rotated … and combined with other objects

3-D Modeling Software

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3-D Modeling Software

Volume based

• Medicine and scientific visualization

Surface based

• Photo-realistic

• TV, movies, computer games

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3-D Modeling Software

Surface based

• High performance computers and custom software

• E.G. Jurassic Park: dinosaurs are 6.5 minutes

• Required 50 people, 18 months and $15 million equipment

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3-D Modeling Process

Model description

– Solids

– Polygon surface

– Wire-frame

• Artist models (defines) a 3-D actor

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3-D Animation

• Places the 3-D actor into the scene

• Scene is composed of multiple actors and background and timing and camera movement

• Scenes are rendered: computer software does the lighting, shading, perspective, hidden surface removal

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Desktop Video:Computers, Film and TV

Video digitizers allow you to capture analog video images as digital data that can be stored and manipulated in the computer’s memory

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Interactive Multimedia:Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind

Combine text, graphics, animation, video, music,

or sound effects in such a way that the user takes an active part in the experience

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Multimedia Authoring:Making Mixed Media

Create and edit multimedia projects.

– Begin with source documents (text, graphics, video clips, music, and sound files)

– Multimedia authoring software allows you to combine the individual sources

– Authoring software allows the project to be interactive (requiring the user to take an active role)